Background Bacterial Toxin-Antitoxin (TAs) systems are extensive two-component elements in the bacterial genome, which involved in many key biological functions including growth arrest, survival, biofilm formation, plasmid maintenance, defense against phages, persistence and virulence. Aim This study aimed to assess the molecular determinants involved in TAs, biofilm quorum sensing, and antibiotic resistance profiles in Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from Baghdad`s hospitals in Iraq. Methods A total of 127 A. baumannii isolates were collected from 2160 different clinical samples. The antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed using disk diffusion test. All isolates were characterized for molecular determinants involved in TAs and biofilm formation using the well-known PCR-based sequencing assay. Results A high multi-drug resistant (MDR) (96.06%; 122/127 ) and imipenem resistance (84.25%; 107/127 ) rates were observed from A.baumannii isolates. Results showed the presence of rhlIR gene in three isolates (2.36%), and lasIR gene appeared in two isolates (1.57%) isolates, whilst, mazEF, ccdAB, and relBE genes have not detected among isolates. Conclusion A high MDR and imipenem resistance rates within a low prevalence of rhlIR, and lasIR genes could be found in clinical A. baumannii isolates from some of Iraqi hospitals.Aim and objective The main objective of the study was to develop the Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) and pharmacophoric model by using data obtained from HT-29 cells study for the scientific community to develop potent lead molecule. Materials and methods Common pharmacophore model, atom-based 3D-QSAR, and molecular dynamic (MD) simulation were carried out via computational techniques by using 4Hchromene derivatives. Results The reliable common pharmacophoric hypothesis, DHH13 was generated and 3.95 survival values were also found. Furthermore, the statistically significant of 3D-QSAR model was developed where we have found the r2=0.52 by using Partial least squares (PLS) regression method. Phase predicted activity and Log GI50 were demonstrated the mainly important atomic position in the backbone structure of ligands in order to ascertain anticolon cancer activity. In addition, MD simulation was carried out between top rank lead with IL-6 target which provided and also defined the better binding conformational and complex stability into the active pocket of target throughout the MD simulation. Conclusion The final outcome from this design approach shows that the pharmacophoric model and 3D-QSAR might be helpful in the medicinal chemistry field for the researcher to develop the potential anticolon cancer compounds.Obesity is a worldwide public health problem, affecting at least one-third of pregnant women. One of the main problems of obesity during pregnancy is the high rate of cesarean section. The leading cause of this higher frequency of cesarean sections in obese women compared with that in nonobese women is an altered myometrial function that leads to lower frequency and potency of contractions. In this article, we review the disruptions of myometrial myocytes in obese women during pregnancy that may explain dysfunctional labor. The myometrium of obese women exhibited lower expression of connexin43, lower function of the oxytocin receptor, and higher activity of the potassium channels. Adipokines, such as leptin, visfatin, and apelin, whose concentrations are higher in obese women, decreased myometrial contractility, perhaps by inhibiting the myometrial RhoA/ROCK pathway. The characteristically higher cholesterol levels of obese women alter myometrial myocyte cell membranes, especially the caveolae, inhibiting oxytocin receptor function and increasing the K+ channel activity. All these changes in the myometrial cells or their environment decrease myometrial contractility, perhaps at least partially explaining the higher rate cesarean of sections in obese women.Background Oral mucositis, one of the most common complications of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment, leads to several problems, including pain, diarrhea and malnutrition, and reduces the quality of life and subsequent treatments. Melatonin, a neurohormone with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, was encapsulated in niosomes and embedded in a mucoadhesive gel formulation as a Melatonin Niosome Gel (MNG) to perform oral mucositis treatment. Objective This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of MNG for the treatment of 5-FU-induced oral mucositis in mice. Methods Oral mucositis was induced in ICR mice by 5-FU and randomly assigned to receive daily applications of the topical oral MNG, a fluocinolone acetonide gel, a blank niosome gel, or no treatment for 5 days in comparison with a normal group. Average body weights, food consumption, and behaviors of the mice as well as microscopic histopathology, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, proinflammatory cytokine levels, and oxidative stress markers of the tongues were monitored and collected after sacrifice. In comparison to the normal group, the average body weights of the 5-FU-MNG mice did not deviate from that of the normal group, nor was there a significant difference in the time to sleep or licking (p>0.05 for both parameters). Results In addition, the mice treated with MNG and fluocinolone acetonide did not show significantly different histopathological, FTIR, interleukin-1β or malondialdehyde (MDA) results in the tongues used as the oral tissue samples. Conclusion This leads to the conclusion that topical MNG potentially inhibits inflammation and lipid oxidative stress in 5-FUinduced oral mucositis.Preeclampsia is a serious pregnancy-specific disease that affects about 5%-8% of pregnant women and is the main reason for the increase in maternal and perinatal mortality. Due to unknown etiology, preeclampsia is still the main cause of increased mortality in maternal and perinatal infants, which is mainly manifested by new hypertension after 20 weeks of pregnancy. As the pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated, early diagnosis and full treatment are lacking. Exosomes secreted from the placenta to the peripheral circulation may be involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia, and can be detected from the plasma of pregnant women after 6 weeks of pregnancy. Related studies have shown that the levels of exosomes in preeclampsia have changed, and the protein and miRNA expression profiles are also different. Therefore, monitoring changes in plasma exosomes and expression profiles may provide new ideas and new perspectives for the prediction, diagnosis and treatment of preeclampsia.Targeted therapy has been recently highlighted due to the reduction of side effects and improvement in overall efficacy and survival to different types of cancers. Considering the approval of many monoclonal antibodies in the last twenty years, cancer treatment can be accomplished by the combination of monoclonal antibodies and small molecule chemotherapeutics. Thus, strategies to combine both drugs in a single administration system are relevant in the clinic. In this context, two strategies are possible and will be further discussed in this review antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) and antibody-functionalized nanoparticles. First, it is important to better understand the possible molecular targets for cancer therapy, addressing different antigens that can selectively bind to antibodies. After selecting the best target, ADCs can be prepared by attaching a cytotoxic drug to an antibody able to target a cancer cell antigen. Briefly, an ADC will be formed by a monoclonal antibody (MAb), a cytotoxic molecule (cytotoenient to analyze the impact on patenting and technology. Information related to temporal evolution of number of patents, distribution of patent holders and also the number of patents related to cancer types are presented and discussed. Thus, our aim is to provide an overview in the recent developments in immunoconjugates for cancer targeting and highlight the most important aspects for clinical relevance and innovation.Background Inflammation is an essential response provided by the immune system, ensuring the survival during microbial infection, tissue injury and other noxious conditions. However, prolonged inflammatory processes are often associated with severe side effects on health. Objective This systematic review aimed to provide the evidence in the literature of the pre-clinical and human anti-inflammatory activity of gallium compounds from 2000 to 2019 focused on elucidating the mechanisms involved in the inflammatory process. Methods Seven bibliographical databases were consulted (PubMed, Medline, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Springer, Web of Science, and EBSCOhost). The selection of appropriate publications and writing of this systematic review was based on the guidelines contained in the PRISMA statement. Moreover, the assessment of methodological quality of the selected studies was also performed. Results From a total of 3018 studies 16 were included in this paper based on our eligibility criteria, which showed promising and consistent results. Conclusion Further research concerning specific inflammatory conditions is required.Background Tetanus is an infectious disease caused by clostridium tetani secreting tetanus toxin in anaerobic environment. The fragment C of Tetanus toxin (TTc) has been widely studied as a candidate vaccine to replace the existing tetanus toxoid vaccine. Objective In this study, we established a simple method to purify recombinant protein TTc with ion-exchange chromatography from Escherichia coli expression systems. Methods The TTc gene sequence was cloned into pET26b (+) vector and transferred to E. coli BL21 (DE3) for expression. The fermentation conditions (IPTG concentration, Induction temperature, Induction time) were optimized to obtain more soluble proteins. The soluble proteins were purified by Anion exchange chromatography and Cation exchange chromatography. The sequence of columns in the purification process was discussed. Finally, the stability of purified TTc protein were determined, the secondary structure of the purified TTc protein was determined by circular dichroism. The molecular weight of the purified TTc protein was determined by liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer. Furthermore, we verified the immunogenicity of the purified protein in mice. Results the purity of TTc improved from 34% to 88 % after the first anion exchange column, and the final yield of recombinant TTc (purity > 95 %) can reach 84.79 % after the following cation exchange chromatography. The recombinant TTc had a molecular weight of 51.737 KDa, was stable at 4 °C and weak alkaline environment, was a β-sheet secondary structure, and had strong immunogenicity. Conclusion The purification method we developed might be an efficient method for the industrial production of tetanus recombinant TTc vaccine.Introduction Coexistance of pancreatic carcinoma and Leriche syndrome is an extremely rare pathological condition. Leriche syndrome is defined as occlusion of the distal aorta at the bifurcation into the common iliac arteries. Case report We report the case of a 57-year old male patient with a locally advanced pancreatic tumor that during chemotherapy presented Leriche syndrome. Four months after the diagnosis and although the initial staging by MRI had only revealed a few atheromatic lesions of the abdominal aorta, the patient complained about claudication of the legs and hypoesthesia. Angiography with multi-detector computed tomography (MDCTA) was performed using aortography protocol and three-dimensional reconstruction of the images followed, demonstrating the relationship between pancreatic carcinoma and Leriche syndrome. Conclusion Review of the literature revealed that acute abdominal thrombosis is rare in cancer patients. To our knowledge, complete occlusion of the aorta in a patient with pancreatic cancer has not been reported yet.