For studying the possibility of using catheter denervation of the pulmonary artery for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension, large animals, such as pigs, are more suitable, because the diameter of the pulmonary artery in this case allows manipulation of the ablation catheter. The study of the perivascular adipose tissue of the trunk and bifurcation of the pulmonary artery in humans and pigs revealed differences in the density and diameter of nerve fibers, but their depth did not differ. Immunohistochemical analysis with different markers of the autonomic nervous system receptors revealed similar receptor profile in human and pigs, though the expression of all studied markers in pigs was less pronounced than in humans. These findings attest to similarity of the innervation of the pulmonary arteries in humans and pigs under normal conditions.We evaluated the protective effect of ademetionine, cytoflavin, and dihydroquercetin on activity of serum enzymes in rats treated with high doses of sodium valproate for 28 days. Ademetionine and cytoflavin produced the greatest protective effect, the effect of dihydroquercetin was less pronounced. In rats treated with ademetionine, AST activity decreased as soon as on day 7 and remained at this level until the end of the experiment; ALT, alkaline phosphatase, and γ-glutamyl transferase activities decreased on days 21 and 28 of the study. Cytoflavin produced similar effects, the effect of dihydroquercetin was observed on days 21 and 28 for AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase and on day 28 for γ-glutamyl transferase. These results substantiate the use of hepatoprotective drugs in case of long-term treatment with anticonvulsants in patients with epilepsy.We studied the effects of lithium carbonate on the cell cycle, apoptosis, and autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma-29 cells (HCC-29) in vitro. Flow cytofluorometry analysis revealed accumulation of G2/M-phase HCC-29 cells and increase in the number of apoptotic cells in 48 h after administration of 5 mM lithium carbonate. Induction of autophagy in HCC-29 cells was detected by transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescence staining. Thus, lithium carbonate produces an antitumor effect by arresting cell cycle in the G2/M-phase and induction of apoptosis and autophagy in HCC-29 cells, which confirms the lithium potential as a promising drug for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.The proportion of CD44+CD24low cancer stem cells (CSC) was determined in cervical scrapings of 41 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix before treatment and after irradiation in a total focal dose of 10 Gy. The relationship of quantitative changes in the CSC population with such parameters of papillomavirus infection as genotype, viral load, and physical status of HPV DNA (the absence or presence of HPV DNA integration into the cell genome and the degree of integration) was studied. Single- and multi-factor analysis revealed 2 independent indicators affecting the radiation response of CSC initial number of these cells before treatment and physical status of HPV DNA. The increase in the CSC proportion after radiation exposure was observed 4.5-fold more often in patients with an initially low proportion of CSC ( less then 3%) than that in other patients (p=0.001). The CSC proportion increased by on average 3% after irradiation in patients with complete integration of HPV 16/18 DNA and decreased by 3.8 % in patients with partial integration or no integration (p=0.03).We studied the effect of bone marrow autotransplantation on the morphofunctional properties and numerical population of mast cells. The experiments were performed on 4-monthold male mice. The animals received an injection of a suspension of bone marrow obtained from the femoral epiphyses of these animals into the caudal vein. In 40 min and 2 h after autotransplantation, the number of tryptase-positive mast cells increased by 1.1 times. The formation of groups of mast cells near erythroid-neutrophil islets and near blood vessels was observed. The proportion of metachromatic mast cells significantly increased. By the degree of mast cells degranulation, we detected non-degranulated up to 48.0±1.4% (vs 55.2±1.2% in intact mice) and moderately degranulated mast cells 22.0±1.2% (vs 18.2±0.9% in intact mice); the percentage of actively degranulated cells was 10.0±0.8% (vs 3.6±0.9% in intact mice; p less then 0.05). Morphometric parameters of mast cells were changed, with a slight increase in their diameter and distance between the cells. The number of histamine-containing mast cells increased significantly (by 3.2 times in 40 min and by 5.9 times in 2 h) and histamine content in these cells also increased. Thus, bone marrow autotransplantation led to intensification of degranulation and sulfation of mast cells and the release of histamine from them.The data obtained by transcriptome analysis of lumbar spinal cord segments, sciatic nerve, and the respiratory diaphragm of the mice performed after a space flight on board Bion-M1 biosatellite were processed by bioinformatic methods aimed at elucidation of the regularities in hypogravity-induced transcriptome changes in various compartments of motor neurons. The study revealed abnormalities of axonal transport in spinal motor neurons provoked by weightlessness. These data agree with the results of electron microscopy examination of the spinal cord in experimental animals. In space group mice sacrificed on the landing day, the content of perinuclear ribosomes in lumbar motoneurons surpassed that in control mice or in the recovery group examined 1 week after the flight. The data corroborate our hypothesis on contribution of axonal transport disturbances into pathogenesis of hypogravity motor syndrome. They can be employed as a launching pad for further study of hypogravity-triggered motor disorder mechanisms in order to elaborate the preventive therapy against the development of hypogravity motor syndrome in space flights.We compared absolute bioavailability of the chemical substance of the anti-smallpox preparation NIOCH-14 and chemical compound ST-246 active against orthopoxviruses after oral administration to mice in doses of 10 and 50 μg/g and intravenous administration to mice in a dose of 2 μg/g body weight. The absolute bioavailability of NIOCH-14 is comparable with the absolute bioavailability of ST-246.We present the results of application of the combined correlation matrix method in some clinical studies. A practical algorithm is proposed for constructing a correlation matrix that compactly reflects a large number of interconnections for the situations when several diagnostic methods are used in an experimental clinical or preclinical trial. Several approaches to assessing and displaying the relationships are demonstrated for comparison.Reduced glucose tolerance, hyperglycemia, and imbalance in lipid levels were found in rats with metabolic syndrome induced by a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet. The contractile responses of intact and endothelium-denuded aortic smooth muscle segments from rats with metabolic syndrome to application of acetylcholine, phenylephrine, sodium nitroprusside, and forskolin were studied by mechanographic method. It was found that endothelial dysfunction develops against the background of metabolic and hemodynamic disorders in metabolic syndrome. It was shown that the regulation of vasoconstrictor reactions of vascular smooth muscles in metabolic syndrome is due to a decrease in Ca2+ entry, mainly voltage-independent, as well as changes in the function of cGMP- and cAMP-activated K+-channels.We analyzed association of rs4680 polymorphism of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene with clinical parameters of the tumor in patients with colorectal cancer (n=100). Based on the classification of the tumor according to the TNM system, groups were formed taking into account the size and spreading of the primary tumor (T1+T2 vs Т3+Т4) and the presence of regional (N0 vs N1) and distant metastases (M0 vs M1). An association of the AA genotype with an almost 7-fold increased capacity for invasive tumor growth was found (p less then 0.05; according to recessive (AA vs GG+GA) and codominant (AA vs GG) inheritance models). A positive relationship of minor allele A with increased malignancy of tumor cells was revealed at the trend level. No significant associations with either regional or distant metastasis were found.Alimentary atherosclerosis is associated with a significant decrease in the content of phosphatidylcholine, the phospholipid that provides antioxidant protection, in the plasma membrane of liver cells, while the level of phosphatidic acid that initiates generation of superoxides, on the contrary, increases. The level of membrane phosphatidylserine, a target of the scavenger receptors, which initiates removal of damaged cells and modified lipoproteins from the circulation was also elevated. In the blood serum of rabbits receiving an atherogenic diet, the content of cardiolipin involved in the immune mechanisms of atherosclerosis development and a risk factor for thrombosis, sharply increased. The level of lysophosphatidylcholine that mediates initiation and progression of atherosclerosis increased. The content of phosphatidylinositol that is involved in the mechanisms protecting from exposure to excess cholesterol was significantly reduced. Treatment of alimentary atherosclerosis with „empty” phosphatidylcholine nanosomes eliminates the key factors initiating atherosclerosis development.This article describes models for the study of acute desynchronosis jetlag syndrome and acute desynchronosis under physical stress for possible pharmacological correction of these disorders. The cosinor analysis allowed assessing significance of changes in biological rhythms in 2 biological models the jetlag-type diurnal rhythm shift model and the model with changed light mode. The revealed changes in the rhythms of biochemical parameters in the blood serum of animals with acute desynchronosis indicate significant changes in the intensity of carbohydrate-lipid metabolism, which affected the processes of cell bioenergetics. These changes are most pronounced in the group of animals that were kept under conditions of constant darkness, which can serve as a marker of the initial stage of pathological desynchronosis. The jetlag-type model can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the pharmacological correction of physiological desynchronosis. The model with modified light regimen can be used for evaluation of the effectiveness of pharmacological correction of pathological desynchronosis.This study explored views of Catholic priests about schizophrenia and depression in Italy. Participants completed a questionnaire on their views about either schizophrenia (N = 282) or depression (N = 277). The depression group was surer than the schizophrenia group that the disorder was due to psychosocial causes; curable; non-requiring long-term pharmacotherapy; the persons with depression could participate in religious activities. The older priests were more convinced than the younger priests that the prayer and long-term pharmacotherapy are useful; the persons with mental disorders had affective difficulties, are recognizable and kept at distance. Priests should receive education on stigma in mental disorders, particularly schizophrenia.