Sensorineural hearing loss（SNHL） is a difficult and hot issue in the field of otology. The effect of medications targeting the mechanism of SNHL are often unsatisfactory for hearing improvement. Hearing aids and cochlear implants are the mainstream treatment methods at present, but neither of them can reverse the pathological changes of affected inner ear. In recent years, mesenchymal stem cells transplantation has been confirmed by several animal studies and clinical trials to have great potential for clinical applications in restoring the structure of the inner ear and hearing improvement to some extent. In this review, we review the characteristics of umbilical cord blood derived mesenchymal stem cells（UCBMSCs）, the approaches of transplantation, the efficacy and mechanism of UCBMSCs in the treatment of SNHL, and the safety of clinical application, covering the existing problems and future prospects of this rising treatment.Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis （RRP） is a benign tumor of the respiratory tract caused by human papillomavirus （HPV） infection. At present, there is no cure for this disease, and mainly depends on surgical resection to relieve symptoms but cannot prevent recurrence. Multiple surgeries will bring heavy mental and economic burdens to patients and their families. Therefore, researchers are constantly seeking new treatments to reduce the number of operations and prevent recurrence. Hence, research on adjuvant therapy drugs has also been widely carried out, including bevacizumab, cidofovir, HPV vaccine, and Chinese medicine as an adjuvant drug according some reports. This article reviews the adjuvant treatment of RRP in recent years.Cingulate cortex, as an important part of limbic system, is connected with number of areas in the brain, which regulate and control the conduction of multiple sensations. Studies of tinnitus have shown that abnormal changes in cingulate cortex are involved in the process of tinnitus, and play a key role in noise cancelling, cognition and emotional experience of tinnitus. This paper reviews the physiological function of the cingulate cortex and its role in the mechanism of tinnitus, providing new ideas for the treatment of tinnitus.Artificial intelligence, as the forefront of science and technology, has been emerging in all walks of life, and has now become the main research direction of medical care. Many researchers have begun to research and develop this technology, and will use this technology to help clinical work. Due to otolaryngology head and neck surgery as a minimally invasive surgery with complex anatomy, artificial intelligence is bound to play a crucial role in otolaryngology. With the development of 5G network, artificial intelligence will develop with double force.The patient, a 70-year-old woman, presented with a mass in the right nasal cavity accompanied by recurrent nosebleeds for 3 months. Physical examination revealed a mass in the right nasal vestibule, with a diameter of about 1.5 cm. The surface of the mass was not smooth and nasal CT showed a mass in the right nasal vestibule, which could be surgically removed. Immunohistochemical results of the tumor showed CKpan（3+）, CK5/6（3+）, p40（3+）, p53（+）, CD10（-）, AR（-）, Bcl-2（-）, ki-67（+20%）. Pathological diagnosis was acantholytic dyskeratotic acanthoma. This disease is rare and easy to be misdiagnosed, so it is necessary to pay attention to identification.ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation between the expression level of serum pituitary tumor transforming gene（PTTG1） and clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis in patients with laryngeal cancer. MethodEnzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the expression of serum PTTG1 in 80 patients with laryngeal cancer and 60 patients with vocal cord polyps. The relationship between the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with laryngeal cancer and the expression of serum PTTG1 was analyzed. Cox regression analysis was used to analyze related factors affecting the prognosis of laryngeal cancer. ResultSerum PTTG1 expression level in patients with laryngeal cancer was significantly higher than that in patients with vocal cord polyps, and the difference was statistically significant（P less then 0.05）. The higher the lymph node metastasis, the higher the tumor TNM stage, and the lower the degree of differentiation, the higher the serum PTTG1 expression level（P less then 0.05）. In the prognostic survival analysis, univariate analysis showed that lymph node metastasis, tumor TNM stage, degree of differentiation, tumor diameter, and expression of PTTG1 were related to the prognosis of laryngeal cancer（P less then 0.01）. Cox regression multivariate showed lymph node metastasis（HR=2.651, 95%CI1.452-4.823, P=0.002）, high tumor TNM stage（HR=2.944, 95%CI1.155-6.189, P=0.026）, and low differentiation（HR=1.620, 95%CI1.133-2.169, P=0.003） and high PTTG1 expression（HR=3.511, 95%CI1.432-7.156, P less then 0.001） were risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients with laryngeal cancer. ConclusionThe expression level of serum PTTG1 may be closely related to the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of patients with laryngeal cancer, and its high expression may be one of the indicators of poor prognosis of patients with laryngeal cancer.ObjectiveTo study the role of gut microbiota in children with allergic rhinitis with high serum total IgE level. MethodA total of 17 cases of children in Shanghai Children’s Medical Center of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, who suffered from perennial allergic rhinitis of grade 5-6, were enrolled in this study. Baseline information were collected from all participants. Peripheral blood was collected to test the level of serum total IgE and specific IgE. Fecal samples were collected for bacterial DNA extraction and sequenced by 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing. R, Mother and LEfSe softwares were used for diversity analysis, relative abundance calculation and differential species detection. ResultTwenty-three fecal samples were collected in total, including thirteen in attack period（attack group） and ten in control period（control group）. In the attack group, six cases were serum total IgE positive（positive group） and seven were negative（negative group）. Compared with the control group, there was no significant difference in either Alpha diversity or Beta diversity of Weighted Unifrac in the attack group（P>0.05）. The relative abundance of odoribacteraceae and odoribacter were significantly increased in the attack group（LDA score>2）. The relative abundance of Porphyromonadaceae in positive group were significantly lower than that in negative group, while family Dethiosulfovibrionaceae genus Pyramidobacter was definitely higher on the contrast（LDA score>2）. ConclusionChildren with allergic rhinitis have different characteristics of intestinal flora during the attack and control period. Gut microbiota is associated with high serum total IgE level in children with allergic rhinitis. Specific microbial alterations play a potential role in disease pathophysiology.ObjectiveTo explore the application of microscope combined with radiofrequency coblation in the treatment of infantile epiglottic cyst. Method17 cases of infantile epiglottic cysts were treated with radiofrequency coblation under supporting laryngoscope and microscope. ResultAll 17 patients were successfully resected the epiglottic cysts, without complications during and after surgery. The dyspnea symptoms disappeared at the time of discharge. The wounds healed well after reexamination at 1 month after operation. There was no recurrence in the 6-23 months follow-up. ConclusionThe treatment of infantile epiglottic cysts with radiofrequency coblation under microscope has many advantages, such as clear vision, strong three-dimensional sensation, stable operation of both hands, less bleeding, and light postoperative tissue reaction.ObjectiveTo summarize and analyze the clinical diagnosis and surgical treatment of patients with tumors involving the root of neck. MethodWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 73 patients with tumors involving the root of neck in Peking University First Hospital Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery department. Data collected included clinical manifestations, preoperative imaging evaluation, surgical approach selection, postoperative pathological types, postoperative complications and prognosis. ResultThe most frequent symptom was a painless cervical mass（36 cases） and dysphagia（16 cases）. All patients underwent preoperative enhanced CT scan or MRI, which would be helpful to evaluate the tumor size, shape, location, relationship with surrounding structures, especially important blood vessels, and secondary changes. The postoperative pathological diagnosis included 37 cases of benign and 36 cases of malignant. The most common benign tumor was retrosternal goiter in 17 cases, and the most common careful preoperative assessment. Surgical approaches include cervical approach and combined cervicothoracic approach, which should be determined according to the pathology, size and surrounding structure of the tumor, as well as the habits of the surgeon. Most benign tumors can be excised by the cervical approach. The combined cervicothoracic approach is suitable for malignant tumors with unclear boundaries and close adhesion of important blood vessels and nerves. Proper treatment of large vessels is the key to complete resection of tumors. There are many complications in the operation of this site, so it is necessary to fully communicate with the patient before operation, and sometimes multidisciplinary cooperation is needed.ObjectiveTo investigate the possible causes, prevention, treatment and recovery of delayed facial paralysis after middle ear surgery. MethodA retrospectively analysis of the data of 8 patients with delayed facial paralysis after middle ear surgery under general anesthesia, including one case of tympanoplasty （type Ⅰ） , one case of tympanotomy+tympanoplasty c（type Ⅰ） , one case ofepitympanotomy+reconstruction of attic lateral wall+tympanoplasty （type Ⅱ ）, four cases of canal wall down+tympanoplasty （ type Ⅱ） and one case of canal wall up mastoidectomy. After discovering the facial paralysis, the stuffing in the surgical cavity was released and removed for all patients immediately. Necessary stuffing was replaced by dexamethasone gauze （not press hardl）. Meanwhile, patients took methylprednisolone orally and were intramuscularly injected with mecobalamine. ResultAmong eight patients, there were six patients with horizontal exposure of facial nerve and two patients with pyramis exposure of facial nerve. There was one case, five cases and two cases of delayed facial paralysis at five days, one week and two weeks after operation respectively. There were six patients suffering from the facial paralysis of HB Ⅱ grade and two patients suffering from the facial paralysis of HB Ⅲ grade. Four patients recovered four weeks and the remaining four patients returned to normal six weeks after surgery. ConclusionDelayed facial paralysis is one of complications of the middle ear surgery, and most of patients can recover completely after conservative treatment.