Transgender persons face barriers to health care including discrimination and lack of awareness by professionals. This study aimed to describe transgender persons’ experiences of encounters with healthcare staff.

Participants were recruited through postings in social media and on websites targeting people identifying as transgender. Through an online form, 21 people identifying as transgender provided written self-reports. These were analysed using a method for inductive qualitative content analysis. The study was conducted in Sweden in 2018.

The results describe transgender persons’ experiences and perceptions of encounters with healthcare staff in one theme treat me with respect, and three main categories accept me for who I am; treat me according to my needs; and meet me with competence.

Healthcare professionals can contribute in restoring and upholding transgender people’s trust in health care by accepting their identity and focusing on their healthcare needs while also being informed about transgender people’s needs and realities. A key point in this is recognising transgender person’s vulnerability to violations of dignity in relation to health care.

Healthcare professionals can contribute in restoring and upholding transgender people’s trust in health care by accepting their identity and focusing on their healthcare needs while also being informed about transgender people’s needs and realities. A key point in this is recognising transgender person’s vulnerability to violations of dignity in relation to health care.

Secondary angiosarcoma (AS) most commonly follows breast cancer and includes postirradiation AS (PRAS) and lymphedema-associated AS. The frequent amplification of MYC (8q24.21) in secondary AS and the rising incidence of PRAS and atypical vascular lesions (AVLs) have prompted interest in the diagnostic and prognostic utility of MYC in AS.

Retrospective series with ≥2 cases of cutaneous AS and describing the use of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for MYC amplification or immunohistochemistry (IHC) for MYC overexpression were included.

Sixteen studies met inclusion criteria. Overall, 93% of cases evaluated by FISH and IHC were concordant. The sensitivity of FISH in primary AS was only 6.8%, and protein overexpression occurred without amplification in sun-damaged skin. FISH and IHC were over 78% sensitive in secondary AS but negative in over 98% of AVLs. MYC amplification and FLT4 coamplification were associated with shorter overall survival in secondary AS.

FISH for MYC amplification and IHC for MYC overexpression are useful in distinguishing PRAS from AVLs and may also have prognostic value in secondary AS. In contrast, these methods have little diagnostic or prognostic value in primary AS and should not be used to distinguish primary AS from benign vascular neoplasms.

FISH for MYC amplification and IHC for MYC overexpression are useful in distinguishing PRAS from AVLs and may also have prognostic value in secondary AS. In contrast, these methods have little diagnostic or prognostic value in primary AS and should not be used to distinguish primary AS from benign vascular neoplasms.In the present study, we demonstrated that borage (Borago officinalis L.) seed oil subjected to immobilized lipase pretreatment are enriched with linoleic acid (LNA, 182n-6), γ-linolenic acid (GLA, 183n-6), and oleic acid (OLA, 181n-9). We further showed that lipase-treated borage oil (LT-BOL) regulates the activity and degradation of tyrosinase, an important enzyme implicated in the synthesis of melanin in murine melanocytes, B16F10. LT-BOL and its free fatty acid components reduced the levels of melanin and tyrosinase in melanocytes with GLA exerting similar or stronger effects compared with LNA and OLA. The brightening efficacy of LT-BOL on melanin metabolism in humans was tested by an 8-week, double-blind, randomized clinical trial, which enrolled 21 Korean female adults (mean age 48.57 ± 3.28). Visual evaluation showed that cream containing 1% LT-BOL significantly decreased (p  less then  0.05) melasma on the treated skin area after 6 and 8 weeks. The analysis of the skin brightness using Chromameter CR-400 confirmed that the brightness of the treated area was significantly increased (p  less then  0.01) after 4, 6, and 8 weeks. Together, our results suggest that LT-BOL may be suitable as a natural skin whitening cosmeceutical product.Bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis) is a plant, native to North America, containing bioactive compounds that interrupt biological processes. It has been around for centuries and is known for its medicinal properties. Today, naturopathic remedies are becoming more and more popular, especially for skin ailments. There are an alarming number of online vendors marketing their bloodroot-containing products as cures for skin cancer without any scientific evidence supporting such claims. Clinical data concerning the efficacy of bloodroot primarily come from case studies with unfavorable outcomes involving patients who self-treated with bloodroot-containing black salves. However, recent preclinical studies have concluded that sanguinarine, the active component of bloodroot, shows positive evidence of being an efficacious treatment for skin cancers at micromolar doses. This article reviews the mechanism of action of bloodroot as a skin cancer treatment, its misuse in clinical dermatology, and the FDA’s stance on products containing bloodroot that are marketed and sold to laypersons. Members of the public should be made aware of the dangers of self-treating with bloodroot-containing products through effective communication and education by clinicians.

Lichen planopilaris (LPP) is a scarring alopecia rarely described in men.

To investigate the clinical and histopathologic features of LPP in men.

We performed a retrospective cohort study of male patients with LPP seen at Mayo Clinic between 1992 and 2016.

Nineteen men with biopsy-confirmed LPP were included. The disease most commonly presented with diffuse (42.1%) or vertex scalp (42.1%) involvement. None of the patients had eyebrow or body hair involvement. Perifollicular erythema (94.7%) and pruritus (57.9%) were the most frequent clinical findings. Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) co-occurred in 26.3% of patients. Mucosal lichen planus was found in four patients (21.1%). Thyroid disease occurred in three patients (15.8%). Disease improvement (47.3%) occurred with combination topical and systemic therapy, topical clobetasol monotherapy, and minocycline monotherapy.

LPP in men has similar clinical and histologic presentations as reported in women. Nonscalp hair loss appears less likely in men with classic LPP than reported in men with frontal fibrosing alopecia, while mucosal lichen planus and thyroid disease appear to be more common in classic LPP. Men with AGA can present with new-onset concomitant LPP. Limitations included small study size, variable follow-up, and lack of standardized clinical assessment due the study’s retrospective nature.

LPP in men has similar clinical and histologic presentations as reported in women. Nonscalp hair loss appears less likely in men with classic LPP than reported in men with frontal fibrosing alopecia, while mucosal lichen planus and thyroid disease appear to be more common in classic LPP. Men with AGA can present with new-onset concomitant LPP. Limitations included small study size, variable follow-up, and lack of standardized clinical assessment due the study’s retrospective nature.Affecting approximately 9.4% of the population worldwide, acne vulgaris is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease. Medical students are exposed to higher levels of stress and have a higher prevalence of acne. However, the risk factors and the impact of acne on medical students’ mental health remains poorly understood. The aim of this literature review is to (i) summarize the prevalence and risk factors of acne vulgaris in medical students and (ii) highlight the impact of psychological consequences of acne in medical students. A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE and EMBASE in OVID, using variations in the following search terms acne vulgaris, medical students, self-esteem, psychology, psychiatry, suicide, suicidal thoughts, self-harm, positive and negative effects, psychological well-being, anxiety, and depression. Studies that stated the prevalence or risk factors of acne vulgaris and/or examined the association between psychosocial effects and acne vulgaris in medical students were included. Eleven cross-sectional studies were included. The prevalence of acne vulgaris in medical students ranged from 34.38% to 97.9% across nine studies. Review of these articles revealed that acne prevalence is associated with stress, gender differences, and lifestyle factors in medical students. Acne had many negative psychological and social impacts on medical students including negative self-image, lower confidence, embarrassment, depression, anxiety, social withdrawal, and impaired social behaviors. Further research on the intersection between acne vulgaris and the mental health of medical students is needed.A test score on a psychological test is usually expressed as a normed score, representing its position relative to test scores in a reference population. These typically depend on predictor(s) such as age. The test score distribution conditional on predictors is estimated using regression, which may need large normative samples to estimate the relationships between the predictor(s) and the distribution characteristics properly. In this study, we examine to what extent this burden can be alleviated by using prior information in the estimation of new norms with Bayesian Gaussian distributional regression. In a simulation study, we investigate to what extent this norm estimation is more efficient and how robust it is to prior model deviations. We varied the prior type, prior misspecification and sample size. In our simulated conditions, using a fixed effects prior resulted in more efficient norm estimation than a weakly informative prior as long as the prior misspecification was not age dependent. With the proposed method and reasonable prior information, the same norm precision can be achieved with a smaller normative sample, at least in empirical problems similar to our simulated conditions. This may help test developers to achieve cost-efficient high-quality norms. The method is illustrated using empirical normative data from the IDS-2 intelligence test.Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearranged lung cancers represent 4% to 6% of all pulmonary adenocarcinomas, and echinoderm microtubule associated protein like 4 (EML4)-ALK fusions are the most common subgroup. Herein, we report a case of two successive drug reactions due to ALK inhibitors. A 69-year-old female with stage IVB EML4-ALK fused lung adenocarcinoma developed a generalized morbilliform eruption 10 days after starting alectinib. Skin biopsy findings were consistent with a drug reaction. Her findings resolved after alectinib was discontinued. Another ALK inhibitor, lorlatinib was started and she developed multiple asymptomatic cutaneous and oral nodules 4 months later. Biopsies from these nodules showed sarcoidal granulomas without evidence of metastases or infection. ALK inhibitors are associated with numerous adverse events, including various cutaneous eruptions. However, a sarcoidal drug reaction involving the skin has not been reported. Identification of drug reactions to targeted therapy can avoid long-term sequelae and misinterpretation of the clinical findings as disease progression or infection.