α-Amino acids represent a valuable class of natural products employed as building blocks in biological and chemical synthesis. Because of the limited number of natural amino acids available, and of their widespread application in proteomics, diagnosis, drug delivery and catalysis, there is an increasing demand for the development of procedures for the preparation of modified analogues. Herein, we show that the use of bioinspired manganese catalysts and H2 O2 under mild conditions, provides access to modified α-amino acids via γ-C-H bond lactonization. The system can efficiently target 1°, 2° and 3° γ-C-H bonds of α-substituted and achiral α,α-disubstituted α-amino acids with outstanding site-selectivity, good to excellent diastereoselectivity and (where applicable) enantioselectivity. This methodology may be considered alternative to well-established organometallic procedures.In this account, we describe our recent developments on the four-types of hypervalent iodine(III)-mediated radical reactions in organic synthesis. Firstly, the activation of aldehydic C-H bonds can be successfully effected with hypervalent iodine(III) reagents, thereby allowing the synthesis of various ketones with high efficiency. Secondly, the site-selective oxidation of unactivated C(sp3 )-H bonds of hydrocarbon substrates was realized with designer hypervalent iodine(III) reagents. Thirdly, various perfluoroalkyl and α-aminoalkyl radicals can be generated from sodium perfluoroalkanesulfinates and sodium α-aminoalkanesulfinates, respectively, under the influence of hypervalent iodine(III) reagents. Finally, the efficient generation of difluoromethyl radical from hypervalent difluoroacetoxyliodine(III) reagent was realized by photolysis. These four different strategies are illustrated by using various selective radical approaches.

To analyse nursing students’ perception of the Magnet hospital attributes of the work environment at the hospitals where they perform their clinical placement and the relationship of this factor to their clinical learning environment and supervision, satisfaction and intention to stay in those hospitals once graduated.

This study had a cross-sectional, correlational, design.

Data were collected using self-reported questionnaires from 180 nursing students at a university in southeast Spain between September-October 2018. Nursing work environment and clinical learning environment were measured using the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index and Clinical Learning Environment, Supervision and Nurse Teacher scale, respectively. Students’ satisfaction with the work environment and with the clinical learning process were measured using a four-point Likert scale developed by the researchers. Percentages, frequencies, mean, standard deviation, χ

test, Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman and phi correld aid recruitment of nurses.

In the face of a global nurse shortage, nursing managers and faculty leaders should consider the improvement of nursing workplaces as a strategic alliance to promote satisfactory clinical learning experience and aid recruitment of nurses.Osteoarthritis (OA) manifests with chronic pain, motor impairment, and proprioceptive changes. However, the role of the brain in the disease is largely unknown. Here, we studied brain networks using the mathematical properties of graphs in a large sample of knee and hip OA (KOA, n = 91; HOA, n = 23) patients. We used a robust validation strategy by subdividing the KOA data into discovery and testing groups and tested the generalizability of our findings in HOA. Despite brain global topological properties being conserved in OA, we show there is a network wide pattern of reorganization that can be captured at the subject-level by a single measure, the hub disruption index. We localized reorganization patterns and uncovered a shift in the hierarchy of network hubs in OA primary sensory and motor regions and parahippocampal gyrus behave as hubs and insular cortex loses its central placement. At an intermediate level of network structure, frontoparietal and cingulo-opercular modules showed preferential reorganization. We examined the association between network properties and clinical correlates global disruption indices and isolated degree properties did not reflect clinical parameters; however, by modeling whole brain nodal degree properties, we identified a distributed set of regions that reliably predicted pain intensity in KOA and generalized to hip OA. Together, our findings reveal that while conserving global topological properties, brain network architecture reorganizes in OA, at both global and local scale. Network connectivity related to OA pain intensity is dissociated from the major hub disruptions, challenging the extent of dependence of OA pain on nociceptive signaling.In the last decade India has seen an increase in the adoption of solar energy-based technologies by consumers, which has been supported by various government efforts and policies. The rural areas and low-income households that lack a proper electricity supply have emerged as a market for solar off-grid technologies, with private developers increasing their market base slowly in this group. This has promulgated the need to restructure the decentralized energy sector. Existing literature points out the suitability of solar off-grid in such markets; the present study investigates the challenges that have hindered its growth. The study reviews the concept of poverty with respect to the energy sector and analyzes methods of determining poor energy access in the present scenario. It emphasizes the need to understand and reconceptualize policy instruments in order to make solar off-grid a powerful tool in tackling energy demand and providing adequate energy access. It further explores the causes of energy disconnects and how grid-independent solar energy is a technological solution of utmost relevance and in consonance with the idea of sustainable development. For a successful venture, both consumer behavior and marketer objectives are important determinants. The work also provides insights into various models, tools, factors, and social constructs that affect consumer perception and subsequently demand. Over the course of the study, it has been revealed how private players and entrepreneurs are tapping the wrong solar market, leading to misappropriation of solar energy technologies. The suggested improvements and recommendations of the present study from the analysis can serve as a guide for policy makers, technological innovators, and financial stakeholders. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17364-375. © 2020 SETAC.Treatment guidelines are primarily based on randomized clinical trials (RCTs). RCTs tend to some extent to exclude older adults despite the fact that physicians need guidance when treating this patient group. By summarizing existing literature, we aimed to (a) quantify the proportion of RCTs and other clinical studies (CTs) that did not adequately include older adults; (b) identify the main barriers for this non-inclusion; and (c) identify suggested solution for inclusion of older adults in RCTs and other CTs. In this umbrella review, Embase and PubMed were searched for relevant papers, and 2701 papers were identified. The subsequent screening resulted in 22 papers. The Critical Appraisal Skills Program was used as quality assessment tool to evaluate these 22 papers. We found that (a) The most frequent outcome designating missing inclusion of older adults was the use of age limit as exclusion criterion in studies-the proportion of this was 10%-60%; (b) barriers for inclusion were mainly exclusion criteria, logistic challenges and financial constraints; and (c) more extensive inclusion would require more explicit inclusion criteria, merely application of exclusion criteria when absolutely needed, change of researchers’ attitude, further inclusion of supporting relatives to overcome the logistical challenges and more financial funding.Dynamic functional connectivity (DFC) analysis can capture time-varying properties of connectivity. However, studies on large samples using DFC to investigate transdiagnostic dysconnectivity across schizophrenia (SZ), bipolar disorder (BD), and major depressive disorder (MDD) are rare. In this study, we used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and a sliding-window method to study DFC in a total of 610 individuals (150 with SZ, 100 with BD, 150 with MDD, and 210 healthy controls [HC]) at a single site. Using k-means clustering, DFCs were clustered into three functional connectivity states one was a more frequent state with moderate positive and negative connectivity (State 1), and the other two were less frequent states with stronger positive and negative connectivity (State 2 and State 3). Significant 4-group differences (SZ, BD, MDD, and HC groups; q  less then  .05, false-discovery rate [FDR]-corrected) in DFC were nearly only in State 1. Post hoc analyses (q  less then  .05, FDR-corrected) in State 1 showed that transdiagnostic dysconnectivity patterns among SZ, BD and MDD featured consistently decreased connectivity within most networks (the visual, somatomotor, salience and frontoparietal networks), which was most obvious in both range and extent for SZ. Our findings suggest that there is more common dysconnectivity across SZ, BD and MDD than we previously expected and that such dysconnectivity is state-dependent, which provides new insights into the pathophysiological mechanism of major psychiatric disorders.Nano-electrochemical tools to assess individual catalyst entities are critical to comprehend single-entity measurements. The intrinsic electrocatalytic activity of an individual well-defined Co3 O4 nanoparticle supported on a carbon-based nanoelectrode is determined by employing an efficient SEM-controlled robotic technique for picking and placing a single catalyst particle onto a modified carbon nanoelectrode surface. The stable nanoassembly is microscopically investigated and subsequently electrochemically characterized. The hexagonal-shaped Co3 O4 nanoparticles demonstrate size-dependent electrochemical activity and exhibit very high catalytic activity with a current density of up to 11.5 A cm-2 at 1.92 V (vs. RHE), and a turnover frequency of 532±100 s-1 at 1.92 V (vs. RHE) towards catalyzing the oxygen evolution reaction.

The vast majority of metastatic cancers cannot be cured. Palliative treatment may relieve disease symptoms by stopping or slowing cancer growth and may prolong patients’ lives, but almost all patients will inevitably develop disease progression after initial response. However, for reasons that are not fully understood, a very few patients will have extraordinary durable responses to standard anticancer treatments.

We analyzed exceptional responders treated at Fox Chase Cancer Center between September 2009 and November 2017. An exceptional response was defined as a complete response lasting more than 1 year or a partial response or stable disease for more than 2 years. Tumor samples were analyzed using an Ambry Genetics test kit with a 142-gene panel. Messenger RNA expression was evaluated using NanoString’s nCounter PanCancer Pathways Panel and Immune Profiling Panel and compared with matched controls for gender, age, and cancer type.

Twenty-six exceptional responders with metastatic bladder, kidney, breast, lung, ovarian, uterine, and colon cancers were enrolled.