A new genus Dolichocaudus gen. n. with two new species, D. acicephalus sp. n. and D. brevicephalus sp. n., is described and illustrated based on specimens from China and Thailand. This new genus differs from the closely related genera Transvenosus Wang Zhang and Cunedda Distant in having a larger body, digitiform male pygofer apex, strongly elevated and keel-like median longitudinal carina of the crown and indistinctively inflated anteclypeus, and front femur row AV with 6 enlarged basal setae.Nine new species of caddisflies are described from southeastern and central China, including 7 species of Leptoceridae Ceraclea (Ceraclea) megalophyllon Yang Morse sp. n., C. (Athripsodina) aerumnula Yang Morse sp. n., C. (Ath.) lamellata Yang Hu sp. n., Oecetis (Oecetis) discedens Yang Morse sp. n., Oe. (Pleurograpta) spinellosa Yang Hu sp. n., Setodes charax Yang Morse sp. n., and S. scutatus Yang Morse sp. n. Two species of Odontoceridae also are included Phraepsyche acuminata Yang Morse sp. n. and Psilotreta longicornis Yang Morse sp. n. The male genitalia of all species and female genitalia of C. megalophylla, C. lamellata, Oecetis discedens, and Oe. spinellosa are figured.The rare short-stemmed physonect Melophysa melo typically lives above the thermocline in warm waters of the world’s oceans. In the past this species has been described from fragmented or distorted material, with the last two accounts being published in 1931 and 1954. A new description is given herein with pertinent figures based on nine samples recently collected in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM), including the first detailed illustrations of mature nectophores, and of a well-developed corm. The corm comprises a prominent pneumatophore, a narrow nectosome bearing small attachment lamellae for four nectophores and a much larger short, swollen spiral siphosome bearing eight cormidia. The last five cormidia of this corm are still attached to the pneumatophore, while the oldest three are free, with cormidium one being the oldest and eight the youngest. Two rings of bracteal muscular lamellae occur on the siphosome of this corm, one on the upper surface of each cormidium and a second on the lower surface. Laterally each cormidium supports an upper gonodendron, a zooid meridian bearing palpons and a lower gonodendron. Cormidium one has the most mature gonodendra, and all cormidia have palpons on the zooid meridian, which become progressively mature towards the base. Differences in corm structure from previously described corms are attributed to the younger age of the present two corms. Bracts are re-described from photographic images of both young and mature bracts.In most species of Gyrinidae, the immature stages are unknown, especially due to the difficulty in collecting the juveniles and assigning them to a particular species. Molecular association is a feasible technique that may solve this problem. Recent studies have used DNA sequence data, specifically the gene cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI), to associate immature and adult stages, thus enabling the description of the former. The objectives of this study were (1) to describe and illustrate the immature stages of Gyrinus (Neogyrinus) rozei Ochs, 1953 including morphometric, chaetotaxic and bionomic information, and (2) to assess the usefulness of the gene COI to associate immatures and adults of Gyrinus. The studied specimens were collected in Roraima state, northern Brazil. The association of immature and adult stages was done either by rearing adults under laboratory conditions or by using DNA sequence data (COI). Eggs were described based on scanning electron microscopy; they are distinguished mainly by several features of chorion, micropyle and reticulation. Larvae of G. (N.) rozei can be distinguished from those of other Neotropical Gyrinidae by a combination of several characters, including the stipes with five robust hook-like additional setae on the dorsointernal margin, and the lacinia roughly hook-shaped. The pupa is similar to that of G. argentinus Steinhel, 1869, except for the number of setae on the body. The first record of the parasitoid wasp Melanosmicra sp. (Hymenoptera Chalcididae) on a Gyrinus species is also provided.A new species, Holophloeus loebli Trýzna Baňař sp. nov. (Anthribidae Anthribinae Discotenini), from east Madagascar is described. Male genitalia are studied and illustrated, and color photographs are provided. A comparison is provided with the other known Madagascan species of the genus, H. tuberosus (Fairmaire, 1897). Ecological notes, including color photographs of habitats, on H. loebli and H. tuberosus are provided.Based on molecular and morphological analyses, Irestedt et al. (2017) propose various taxonomic revisions for the genera Lophorina and Ptiloris (Paradisaeidae). Concerning Lophorina, which they recommend treating as three species rather than one, they hypothesize that the no longer extant type specimen of L. superba, heretofore believed to come from the Vogelkop in westernmost mainland New Guinea, in fact pertained to a different population (and different species, under their revised taxonomy), and they attempt to consolidate the nomenclatural repercussions of this by proposing a neotype for the name superba. However, the historical and specimen evidence fails to uphold their nomenclatural proposals, and the neotypification contains procedural errors. In particular, our examination of specimen material identifies nine points of conflict between what is clearly the most accurate contemporary illustration of the type and the plumage pattern and structure in the population to which Irestedt et al. assert it should be ascribed; we find not a single point in their favour. The only other relevant depiction of the type from the same period, while less accurate, also differs crucially from the population Irestedt et al. claim that it represents, especially in lacking black spots on the breast-shield. Furthermore, there is a strong historical rationale not only to believe that the type of superba was collected in the Vogelkop, as all contemporary commentators indicated, but also to regard the notion of tribespeople transporting it more than 600 km from its point of collection, as Irestedt et al. effectively suggest, as exceedingly unlikely. Consequently, with all this evidence against the proposed reidentification, the name L. s. superba should be maintained for populations of the Vogelkop, and the neotype designation rejected. The type locality reverts to the Vogelkop, but herein is further restricted to the Tamrau Mountains.The taxonomy of genus Paramyia Williston is revised for the Nearctic region north of Mexico, including the description (morphological and molecular) and illustration of 10 new species and re-description of Paramyia nitens. Morphological keys to the species of males and females are provided. The following new species are described Paramyia anguliloba sp. n., P. brevikeraia sp. n., P. incrassatoloba sp. n., P. nigritarsi sp. n., P. lustrum sp. n., P. lutea sp. n., P. pseudonitens sp. n., P. silvestris sp. n., P. rectiloba sp. n., P. wheeleri sp. n.. Paramyia hungarica is also discussed in relation to the Nearctic species.The Neotropical foam-nesting genus Leptodactylus Fitzinger is currently composed of 75 species (Frost 2019) divided into four monophyletic species groups (De Sá et al. 2014). The L. melanonotus species group includes 17 species delimited by five adult osteological character-states (De Sá et al. 2014). Leptodactylus natalensis Lutz is the only species of the L. melanonotus species group that occurs in north of the Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest (De Sá et al. 2014; Almeida et al. 2016) and whose type locality is the municipality of Natal, state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil (Lutz 1930). The tadpole of this species was briefly described by Oliveira Lírio-Júnior (2000) based on a single individual from the municipality of Aracaju, state of Sergipe, Brazil. Herein, we present a complete redescription of the tadpole of this species, including morphometric data and interpopulational variation. Besides, we provide comparisons with all members of the L. melanonotus group.Dascillus Latreille, 1797 (Coleoptera Dascillidae) currently contains about 40 species, of which 32 have been reported from China (Jin et al. 2013, 2018; Hájek 2016; Terzani et al. 2017; Wang et al. 2019). The Baotianman National Nature Reserve of Henan (33°20′-33°36’N, 111°47′-112°04’E) which is one of the „world biosphere reserves” recognized by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization for their high ecosystem and species diversity (Zhu et al. 2002). While examining specimens collected from the survey of the Baotianman National Nature Reserve in 2017, conducted by the Hunan Agricultural University (Changsha, China), a new species of Dascillus was identified and is described in this paper.The Bengal monitor lizard or Common Indian monitor lizard (Varanus bengalensis Daudin, 1802) is classified as Least Concern under the IUCN and listed under the Schedule-I of the Indian Wildlife Protection Act 1972. Further, the trade of the species is prohibited as the species is listed in Appendix I of CITES. It is widely distributed over Western Asia, the Indian Subcontinent, and Southeast Asia (Koch et al. 2013). It is reported to occupy both terrestrial as well as freshwater habitats from desert areas to floodplains, scrubland to forests, in different types of terrains at elevations below 1500m (Auffenberg 1994; Papenfuss et al. 2010). Body size of individuals varies from 61 to 175 cm from the tip of the snout to the end of the tail (Auffenberg 1994; Losos and Greene, 1998). Adults are generally grey or greenish-grey in color, with a ventral pattern of grey to black crossbars from the chin to the tail. Adult individuals are less contrasting and have a less distinct pattern than younger individuals. The species shows a sexual dimorphism, with males being heavier (around 7.18 to 10 kg) than females which are about 40% smaller in size (Papenfuss et al. 2010).Liang (1990) erected the monospecific genus Caninella for a Middle Permian fossil brachiopod species, Caninella zhinanensis, from the Lengwu Formation, Tonglu, Zhejiang, in China. This genus was included within the family Richthofenidae Waagen, 1885. Thus, Caninella zhinanensis, Liang, 1990, collected in strata of Middle Permian (Capitanian) age, was the type species by monotypy. Subsequently, Williams, Harper Grant (2000) placed Caninella Liang, 1990 in the superfamily Permianelloidea, family Uncertain, subfamily Loczyellinae, but expressed doubt about the validity of Caninella since it was based on three poorly preserved specimens. Nevertheless, Shen et al. (2017) retain the placement in Richthofenidae on the basis of its somewhat bilobate outline and deep incisive sulcus in anterior or posterior views, but suggest that the genus is „highly likely a subjective synonym of either Richthofenia Kayser, 1881 or Permianella He Zhu, 1979”.During a period of intense rainfall (May 2019), several specimens of land flatworms were collected from a private garden in Palazzolo dello Stella (Friuli Venezia Giulia, Udine, Italy 45°47’40.5″N, 13°05’17.2″E). Planarians were found both in a cultivated part of the garden and in a part covered with gravel and with trees and shrubs (Pyracantha sp., Olea europaea, Pyrus communis). The animals were observed under branches, stones, tufa blocks, and pots close to a small artificial pond, but also in other parts of the garden, as well as inside buildings.