0001), lower HER2 FISH copies (

< 0.0001), and lower HER2/CEP17 ratios (

= 0.0015) compared to RCB-I and RCB-II responses. Estrogen receptor classification using ≥10% versus ≥1% staining showed greater association with higher RCB categories.

HER2+ characteristics show differing response to therapy despite all being categorized as positive; tumors with less than 100% IHC 3+ staining, lower HER2 FISH copies, and lower HER2/CEP17 ratios resulted in higher RCB scores.

HER2+ characteristics show differing response to therapy despite all being categorized as positive; tumors with less than 100% IHC 3+ staining, lower HER2 FISH copies, and lower HER2/CEP17 ratios resulted in higher RCB scores.Microwave ablation is a safe and effective interventional approach, widely used in the treatment of unresectable primary or metastatic hepatic lesions. Thoracobiliary fistula is a rare postablation complication that can be treated with a conservative or surgical approach. We reviewed aetiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnostic possibilities, and therapeutic options for biliothoracic fistula developed after microwave ablation of liver metastasis. Furthermore, we reported our experience of successful conservative management of a nonhealing thoracobiliary fistula occurred after percutaneous thermal ablation of colorectal cancer liver metastasis. Our case supports a conservative approach based on percutaneous biliary system decompression and synthetic glue embolization for the treatment of combined biliopleural and biliobronchial fistula.

Preeclampsia occurs in up to 5% of all pregnancies, in 10% of first pregnancies, and 20-25% of women with a history of chronic hypertension.

This study aims to assess the determinants of preeclampsia among women attending delivery services in public hospitals of central Tigray, Ethiopia.

Hospital-based unmatched case-control study design was conducted. Women diagnosed with preeclampsia were cases, and women who had no preeclampsia were controls admitted to the same hospitals. A systematic sampling technique was used to select study participants for both cases and controls. The data were entered in EPI data 3.1 statistical software and, then, exported to SPSS Version 22 for cleaning and analysis.

Family history of hypertension (AOR 2.60; 95% CI 1.15, 5.92), family history of preeclampsia (AOR 5.24; 95% CI 1.85, 14.80), history of diabetes mellitus (AOR 4.31; 95% CI 1.66, 11.21), anemia (AOR 3.23; 95% CI 1.18, 8.86), history of preeclampsia on prior pregnancy (AOR 5.55; 95% CI 1.80, 17.10), primigravida (AOR 5.41; 95% CI 2.85, 10.29), drinking alcohol during pregnancy (AOR 4.06; 95% CI 2.20, 7.52), and vegetable intake during pregnancy (AOR 0.39; 95% CI 0.21, 0.74) were significantly associated with preeclampsia.

This study concludes that a family history of hypertension and preeclampsia; a history of diabetes mellitus and anemia; and a history of preeclampsia on prior pregnancy, primigravida, and drinking alcohol were found to be risk factors for preeclampsia. However, vegetable intake was found to be a protective factor for the development of preeclampsia.

This study concludes that a family history of hypertension and preeclampsia; a history of diabetes mellitus and anemia; and a history of preeclampsia on prior pregnancy, primigravida, and drinking alcohol were found to be risk factors for preeclampsia. However, vegetable intake was found to be a protective factor for the development of preeclampsia.

To assess the probable risk factors associated with Multiple sclerosis among Syrian patients in the city of Damascus.

In a case-control study conducted from May to September 2020, 140 MS patients and 140 healthy controls were selected from two main hospitals in Damascus. Data regarding risk factors associated with MS was collected via a structured questionnaire and complementary laboratory tests. The statistical analysis was carried out by the SPSS Statistical Software Version 26.

Factors such as smoking, family history of MS, migraine, and vitamin D deficiency were associated with a higher risk of developing MS Smoking (OR = 2.275 95% CI (1.348-3.841)

= 0.002). Family history of MS (OR = 3.970 95% CI (1.807-8.719)

≤ 0.001). Migraine (OR = 3.011 95% CI (1.345-6.741)

= 0.005). Vitamin D deficiency (OR = 4.778 95% CI (2.863-7.972)

≤ 0.001). However, factors such as diabetes, hypertension, a surgical history of appendectomy, tonsillectomy, and being the first-born in a family were statistically irrelevant Diabetes (OR = 0.652 95% CI (0.226-1.882)

= 0.426). Hypertension (OR = 1.445 95% CI (0.724-2.885)

= 0.295) Appendectomy (OR = 1.269 95% CI (0.486-3.317)

= 0.626) Tonsillectomy (OR = 1.280 95% CI (0.576-2.843)

= 0.544). First-born Child (OR = 0.933 95% CI (0.558-1.562)

= 0.793).

Our study suggests that smoking, vitamin D deficiency, family history of MS, and migraine are probable risk factors for multiple sclerosis. Therefore, engaging in outdoor activities and maintaining a healthy diet-for females in particular-is highly recommended.

Our study suggests that smoking, vitamin D deficiency, family history of MS, and migraine are probable risk factors for multiple sclerosis. Therefore, engaging in outdoor activities and maintaining a healthy diet-for females in particular-is highly recommended.

Improved gait is one of the leading therapy goals in multiple sclerosis. A plethora of clinical timed trials and state-of-the-art technology-based approaches are available to assess gait performance.

To examine what aspects of gait react to inpatient rehabilitation in MS and which parameters should be best assessed.

In this longitudinal study, we examined the performance of 76 patients with MS to shed further light on factors influencing gait, associations between tests, and the reaction to inpatient rehabilitation during an average time span of 16 d.

. Private specialist clinic for inpatient neurorehabilitation.

. Clinical walk tests (timed 25-foot walk test at normal pace, maximum pace over 10 m or 6 min) and IMU-based measures of movement smoothness.

All gait parameters were strongly intercorrelated (all

< 0.05), and a model multiple linear regression for the 6MWT revealed short distance velocity (10 m) and movement smoothness as predictors in a strong model (

0.75,

< 0.01). A second model with natural pace on short distance and movement smoothness was almost equally strong (

0.71,

< 0.01). Patients improved their walking speed (

< 0.01), but not smoothness (

= 0.08-0.12), over the course of rehabilitation.

Since we were not able to observe improvements in smoothness of gait, we conclude that rehabilitation programs should be adapted to the patient’s physiological capacities in order to allow for such improvements in smoothness of gait. Externally valid gait capacity (6MWT) could be predicted by a single walk for 10 s at natural pace.

Since we were not able to observe improvements in smoothness of gait, we conclude that rehabilitation programs should be adapted to the patient’s physiological capacities in order to allow for such improvements in smoothness of gait. Externally valid gait capacity (6MWT) could be predicted by a single walk for 10 s at natural pace.The aim of this study was to isolate some soil bacteria strain that produced α-amylase and subsequent extraction and purification. One hundred soil samples were collected from different geographical areas in Khartoum State such as north Omdurman, Toti Island, and Soba. Samples were analyzed for starch hydrolyzing bacteria. Among several bacteria isolated, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus licheniformis were identified as active α-amylase producers. Both bacteria showed a large zone of clearance of 20 mm when grown on starch-agar plates. The identity was conducted using biochemical characterization and confirmed by sequencing their 16S-rDNA. The constitutive nature of amylase was proved by amplification of the amylase gene from the genome of B. licheniformis. The α-amylase activity from the spent medium of B. cereus and B. licheniformis was optimized at pH 8.0 and temperature of 45°C and 65°C, respectively. The α-amylase produced by both bacteria is alkalophilic and thermophilic. The experiments confirmed that B. licheniformis can be a good source of amylase for industrial applications in Sudan.The purpose of this qualitative systematic review was to examine how frailty was conceptually and operationally defined for participant inclusion in qualitative research focused on the lived experience of frailty in community-living frail older adults. Search of six electronic databases, 1994-2019, yielded 25 studies. Data collection involved extracting the definition of frailty from the study aim, background, literature review, methods, and sampling strategy in each research study. Quality appraisal indicated that 13 studies (52%) demonstrated potential researcher bias based on insufficient information about participant recruitment, sampling, and relationship between the researcher and participant. Content analysis and concept mapping were applied for data synthesis. Although frailty was generally defined as a multidimensional, biopsychosocial construct with loss of resilience and vulnerability to adverse outcomes, most studies defined the study population based on older age and physical impairments derived tracts and the methodology used is necessary to facilitate dissemination and development of metasynthesis studies that aggregate qualitative research findings that can be used to inform future research and applications in clinical practice to improve healthcare.Various imaging techniques may be employed in the investigation of suspected bone and joint infections. These include ultrasound, radiography, functional imaging such as positron emission tomography (PET) and nuclear scintigraphy, and cross-sectional imaging, including computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The cross-sectional modalities represent the imaging workhorse in routine practice. The role of imaging also extends to include assessment of the anatomical extent of infection, potentially associated complications, and treatment response. The imaging appearances of bone and joint infections are heterogeneous and depend on the duration of infection, an individual patient’s immune status, and virulence of culprit organisms. To add to the complexity of radiodiagnosis, one of the pitfalls of imaging musculoskeletal infection is the presence of other conditions that can share overlapping imaging features. This includes osteoarthritis, vasculopathy, inflammatory, and even neoplastic processes. Different pathologies may also coexist, for example, diabetic neuropathy and osteomyelitis. This pictorial review aims to highlight potential mimics of osteomyelitis and septic arthritis that are regularly encountered, with emphasis on specific imaging features that may aid the radiologist and clinician in distinguishing an infective from a noninfective aetiology.

The management of anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is controversial; thus, proper treatment and prognostic factors should be investigated.

To compare the survival outcomes of the intervention and palliative treatment in ATC patients.

A hospital-based retrospective study was conducted at a single tertiary university hospital. The medical record charts were retrieved from November 20, 1987, to December 31, 2016. The final follow-up ended by December 31, 2017. The patients’ demographic data, laboratory data, clinical presentation, and treatment modality results were analyzed.

One hundred twenty-one records were analyzed with a one-year overall survival rate of 3.5% (median survival time 77 days); however, 16 cases had insufficient data to classify staging and treatment modalities. Therefore, 105 ATC patients (37 with stage IVa, 39 with stage IVb, and 29 with stage IVc disease) were included with a one-year overall survival rate of 4.0% (median survival time of 82 days). Intervention treatment allowed longer median survival times (

< 0.