Community detection remains little explored in the analysis of biodiversity change. The challenges linked with global biodiversity change have also multiplied manifold in the past few decades. Moreover, most studies concerning biodiversity change lack the quantitative treatment central to species distribution modeling. Empirical analysis of species distribution and abundance is thus integral to the study of biodiversity loss and biodiversity alterations. Community detection is therefore expected to efficiently model the topological aspect of biodiversity change driven by land-use conversion and climate change; given that it has already proven superior for diverse problems in the domain of social network analysis and subgroup discovery in complex systems. Thus, quantum inspired community detection is proposed as a novel technique to predict biodiversity change considering tiger population in eighteen states of India; leading to benchmarking of two novel datasets. Elements of land-use conversion and climate chaf biodiversity change with land-use conversion.We developed a method to measure the relative blood flow speed using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in retina and choroid, and investigated the feasibility of this method for assessing microcirculatory function in rat models of sepsis and hemorrhagic shock. Two sepsis models, 6-h severe sepsis without treatment and 30-h moderate sepsis maintaining mean arterial pressure, and volume controlled hemorrhagic shock and fluid resuscitation model were used to see the change of microcirculation. The blood flow index (BFI), which was calculated from the OCTA images to represent the average relative blood flow, was decreasing during the 6-h severe sepsis model. Its change is in parallel with the mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and blood lactate levels. In the 30-h moderate sepsis model, the BFI was decreased while maintaining MAP, and lactate was increased. In the hemorrhagic shock model, the change of BFI is in line with MAP and lactate levels. In all models, BFI change is more sensitive in choroid than in retina. This study presents the OCTA-based retinal and choroidal microcirculatory blood flow monitoring method and shows its utility for assessment of critical illness.Pancreatic duct stenting is a well-established method for reducing post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis. However, there is no consensus on the optimal type of plastic stent. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and safety of a new 4-Fr plastic stent for pancreatic duct stenting. Forty-nine consecutive patients who placed the 4-Fr stent into the pancreatic duct (4Fr group) were compared with 187 consecutive patients who placed a conventional 5-Fr stent (control group). The primary outcome was technical success. Complications rate, including post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) were the secondary outcomes. Propensity score matching was introduced to reduce selection bias. The technical success rate was 100% in the 4Fr group and 97.9% in the control group (p = 0.315). Post-ERCP amylase level was significantly lower in the 4-Fr group than the control group before propensity score matching (p = 0.006), though without statistical significance after propensity score matching (p = 0.298). The rate of PEP in the 4Fr group (6.1%) was lower than the control group (15.5%), though without statistical significance before (p = 0.088) and after (p = 1.00) propensity score matching. Pancreatic duct stenting using a novel 4-Fr plastic stent would be at least similar or more feasible and safe compared to the conventional plastic stent.Serotonin (5-HT) plays an important role in human physiology. An excess of this native regulator within the human gut can be partially controlled by orally consuming zeolite. Therefore, this study focuses on the kinetics of the uptake and release of serotonin hydrochloride (5-HT-hc) by natural Cuban zeolite containing clinoptilolite and mordenite at different pH levels using UV-Vis spectroscopy. 5-HT-hc is stable under the following investigated experimental conditions incubation temperature of 36 °C; and at a pH of 5, 7, and 9. Independent of the zeolite framework, the 5-HT-hc is adsorbed without changing its molecular structure. The uptake and release of 5-HT-hc were not correlated to the textural properties of these aluminosilicates. The investigated zeolites adsorbed 5-HT-hc at about 14 mg per gram zeolite with no large differences observed between different samples. Release studies of 5-HT-hc-loaded zeolite revealed that the 5-HT-hc is strongly bound to the zeolite, and independent of the pH value and zeolite framework only up to 12.7% was released into the water.Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) in the field of spintronics have received enormous attention owing to their fascinating spin phenomena for fundamental physics and potential applications. MTJs exhibit a large tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) at room temperature. However, TMR depends strongly on the bias voltage, which reduces the magnitude of TMR. On the other hand, tunnel magnetocapacitance (TMC), which has also been observed in MTJs, can be increased when subjecting to a biasing voltage, thus exhibiting one of the most interesting spin phenomena. Here we report a large voltage-induced TMC beyond 330% in MgO-based MTJs, which is the largest value ever reported for MTJs. The voltage dependence and frequency characteristics of TMC can be explained by the newly proposed Debye-Fröhlich model using Zhang-sigmoid theory, parabolic barrier approximation, and spin-dependent drift diffusion model. Moreover, we predict that the voltage-induced TMC ratio could reach over 3000% in MTJs. It is a reality now that MTJs can be used as capacitors that are small in size, broadly ranged in frequencies and controllable by a voltage. Our theoretical and experimental findings provide a deeper understanding on the exact mechanism of voltage-induced AC spin transports in spintronic devices. Our research may open new avenues to the development of spintronics applications, such as highly sensitive magnetic sensors, high performance non-volatile memories, multi-functional spin logic devices, voltage controlled electronic components, and energy storage devices.Methylene blue is an FDA (Food and Drug Administration) and EMA (European Medicines Agency) approved drug with an excellent safety profile. It displays broad-spectrum virucidal activity in the presence of UV light and has been shown to be effective in inactivating various viruses in blood products prior to transfusions. In addition, its use has been validated for methemoglobinemia and malaria treatment. In this study, we first evaluated the virucidal activity of methylene blue against influenza virus H1N1 upon different incubation times and in the presence or absence of light activation, and then against SARS-CoV-2. We further assessed the therapeutic activity of methylene blue by administering it to cells previously infected with SARS-CoV-2. Finally, we examined the effect of co-administration of the drug together with immune serum. Our findings reveal that methylene blue displays virucidal preventive or therapeutic activity against influenza virus H1N1 and SARS-CoV-2 at low micromolar concentrations and in the absence of UV-activation. We also confirm that MB antiviral activity is based on several mechanisms of action as the extent of genomic RNA degradation is higher in presence of light and after long exposure. Our work supports the interest of testing methylene blue in clinical studies to confirm a preventive and/or therapeutic efficacy against both influenza virus H1N1 and SARS-CoV-2 infections.Cloning, through somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), has the potential for a large expansion of genetically favorable traits in a population in a relatively short term. In the present study we aimed to produce multiple cloned camels from racing, show and dairy exemplars. We compared several parameters including oocyte source, donor cell and breed differences, transfer methods, embryo formation and pregnancy rates and maintenance following SCNT. We successfully achieved 47 pregnancies, 28 births and 19 cloned offspring who are at present healthy and have developed normally. Here we report cloned camels from surgical embryo transfer and correlate blastocyst formation rates with the ability to achieve pregnancies. We found no difference in the parameters affecting production of clones by camel breed, and show clear differences on oocyte source in cloning outcomes. Taken together we demonstrate that large scale cloning of camels is possible and that further improvements can be achieved.During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there have been health concerns related to alcohol use and misuse. We aimed to examine the population-level change in cases of alcohol-related liver disease and pancreatitis that required admission during the COVID-19 epidemic by interrupted time series (ITS) analysis using claims data. We defined the period from April 2020, when the Japanese government declared a state of emergency, as the beginning of the COVID-19 epidemic. This ITS analysis included 3,026,389 overall admissions and 10,242 admissions for alcohol-related liver disease or pancreatitis from 257 hospitals between July 2018 and June 2020. The rate of admissions per 1000 admissions during the COVID-19 epidemic period (April 2020-June 2020) was 1.2 times (rate ratio 1.22, 95% confidence interval 1.12-1.33) compared to the pre-epidemic period. Analyses stratified by sex revealed that the increases in admission rates of alcohol-related liver disease or pancreatitis for females were higher than for males during the COVID-19 epidemic period. The COVID-19 epidemic in Japan might associates an increase in hospital admissions for alcohol-related liver disease and pancreatitis. Our study could support the concern of alcohol consumption and health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic.Recently, the program INTMSAlign_HiSol for identifying aggregation hotspots in proteins only requiring secondary structure data was introduced. We explored the utility of this program further and applied it for engineering of the aldoxime dehydratase from Bacillus sp. OxB-1. Towards this end, the effect of inverting the hydropathy at selected positions of the amino acid sequence on the enzymatic activity was studied leading to 60% of our constructed variants, which showed improved activity. In part, this activity increase can be rationalised by an improved heme incorporation of the variants. For example, a single mutation gave a 1.8 fold increased enzymatic activity and 30% improved absolute heme incorporation.The EPA developed the Adverse Outcome Pathway Database (AOP-DB) to better characterize adverse outcomes of toxicological interest that are relevant to human health and the environment. Here we present the most recent version of the EPA Adverse Outcome Pathway Database (AOP-DB), version 2. AOP-DB v.2 introduces several substantial updates, which include automated data pulls from the AOP-Wiki 2.0, the integration of tissue-gene network data, and human AOP-gene data by population, semantic mapping and SPARQL endpoint creation, in addition to the presentation of the first publicly available AOP-DB web user interface. Potential users of the data may investigate specific molecular targets of an AOP, the relation of those gene/protein targets to other AOPs, cross-species, pathway, or disease-AOP relationships, or frequencies of AOP-related functional variants in particular populations, for example. Version updates described herein help inform new testable hypotheses about the etiology and mechanisms underlying adverse outcomes of environmental and toxicological concern.