Abdominal pain is a common but benign symptom after colonoscopy. We report a case of acute pancreatitis that occurred just after an elective screening colonoscopy; this is a rare event with very few reported cases. A healthy, asymptomatic male underwent screening colonoscopy at our center and developed abdominal pain and emesis after the procedure. An abdominal X-ray ruled out perforation but laboratory tests revealed elevated levels of amylase and lipase. The patient had no etiological risk factors for pancreatitis. The presumed mechanism of pancreatitis in this case is mechanical and pressure trauma from excessive insufflation, external abdominal pressure, and repeated withdrawal of the colonoscope due to tight angulation of the splenic flexure, a structure that is in close proximity to the pancreatic tail. Acute pancreatitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients who present with abdominal pain after colonoscopy once more common etiologies have been excluded.Compelling evidence has indicated that males exceeding females in whole-fish polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentration is not due to females undergoing a drastic decrease in their PCB concentrations due to shedding of eggs at spawning (Madenjian et al. 2016). First, even though coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) are semelparous species in that they spawn only once during their lifetime and then die soon thereafter, determinations on adult fish caught prior to spawning revealed that males were significantly higher in whole-fish PCB concentration than females. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.AIMS To evaluate plasma kisspeptin-10 (KP-10) as a marker for preeclampsia and assess its relation to altered reproductive hormones in preeclamptic pregnant women. METHODS First time pregnant women (n = 100) at 20 weeks of gestation participated in this study and divided into preeclamptics (n = 60) and normotensives (n = 40). KP-10, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG), estradiol (E2) and progesterone were evaluated during 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy for all women. RESULTS Kisspeptin-10 levels were reduced in preeclampsia (PE) women compared with normotensive pregnancies. In the 2nd trimester, area under receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.662, positive and negative predictive values were 32.8 and 94.6, and test sensitivity and specificity were 55% and 87.5%, respectively. In the 3rd trimester, area under ROC curve was 0.747 positive and negative predictive values were 22.2 and 97.3, and test sensitivity and specificity were 83.3% and 67.5%, respectively. In PE patients, plasma KP-10 demonstrated an inverse correlation with E2 (during the 2nd trimester), LH and FSH (during the 3rd trimester), and positively correlated with β-hCG (during the 3rd trimester). CONCLUSION This study showed significantly reduced plasma KP-10 levels in PE women. This suggests that KP-10 may play an important role in the pathophysiology of PE. Therefore, combined with previous studies, to diagnose the PE, testing for maternal KP-10 plasma levels may be useful as an effective screening, but because of low positive predictive value and inadequate test sensitivity, screening cannot be recommended. Furthermore, KP-10 in PE patients demonstrated significant positive correlation with β-hCG. © 2020 Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology.BACKGROUND Indomethacin is used as standard therapy to close a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) but is associated with reduced blood flow to several organs. Ibuprofen, another cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, may be as effective as indomethacin with fewer adverse effects. OBJECTIVES To determine the effectiveness and safety of ibuprofen compared with indomethacin, other cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor(s), placebo, or no intervention for closing a patent ductus arteriosus in preterm, low-birth-weight, or preterm and low-birth-weight infants. SEARCH METHODS We used the standard search strategy of Cochrane Neonatal to search the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL 2017, Issue 10), MEDLINE via PubMed (1966 to 30 November 2017), Embase (1980 to 30 November 2017), and CINAHL (1982 to 30 November 2017). We searched clinical trials databases, conference proceedings, and the reference lists of retrieved articles for randomised controlled trials and quasi-randomised trials. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised or quasi-mol is assessed in a separate review. Oro-gastric administration of ibuprofen appears as effective as IV administration. To make further recommendations, studies are needed to assess the effectiveness of high-dose versus standard-dose ibuprofen, early versus expectant administration of ibuprofen, echocardiographically-guided versus standard IV ibuprofen, and continuous infusion versus intermittent boluses of ibuprofen. Studies are lacking evaluating the effect of ibuprofen on longer-term outcomes in infants with PDA. Copyright © 2020 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Dried blood spots (DBS), created by applying and drying a whole blood sample onto filter paper, provide a simple and minimally invasive procedure for collecting, transporting, and storing blood. Because DBS are ideal for use in field and resource-limited settings, we aimed to develop a simple and accurate DBS-based approach for assessing mercury (Hg) exposure and dietary carbon sources for landlocked Arctic char, a sentinel fish species in the Arctic. We collected liquid whole blood (from the caudal vein), muscle, liver, and brains of Arctic char (n=36) from eight lakes spanning a Hg gradient in the Canadian High Arctic. We measured total Hg concentrations ([THg]) of field-prepared DBS and Arctic char tissues. Across a considerable range, [THg] of DBS (0.04 μg/g to 3.38 μg/g ww) were highly correlated with [THg] of all tissues (r2 range = 0.928 to 0.996). We also analyzed the compound specific carbon isotope ratios (expressed as δ13 C values) of essential amino acids (CSIA-EAAs) isolated from DBS, liquid whole blood, and muscle. The δ13 C values of five EAAs (δ13 CEAAs ; isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, valine, threonine) from DBS were highly correlated with δ13 CEAAs of liquid whole blood (r2 range = 0.693 to 0.895) and muscle (r2 range = 0.642 to 0.881). The patterns of δ13 CEAAs of landlocked Arctic char were remarkably consistent across sample types and indicate EAAs are most likely of algal origin. Because a small volume of blood (~50 µL) dried on filter paper can be used to determine Hg exposure levels of various tissues and to fingerprint carbon sources, DBS sampling may decrease the burdens of research and may be developed as a non-lethal sampling technique. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Few studies have focused on metabolite diffusion in the human brain using 1 H-MRS due to significant technical challenges. Moreover, such studies have required lengthy acquisition times and are therefore impractical to implement clinically. By first characterizing and then minimizing the effects of linear and oscillating eddy currents, which arise from the diffusion gradients, and by implementing phase-cycle and slice-order strategies, as well as introducing a new phase-alignment methodology, we report a method that allows data acquisition requiring 20 seconds per spectrum. This remained feasible, even for b-values >8000 s/mm2 , with a rapid acquisition diffusion MRS methodology. It has allowed the nonlinear characterization of signal intensity with multiple b-values, and has improved the measurement of rotationally invariant diffusion parameters via six-direction, six b-value diffusion tensor spectroscopy (DTS) in 12 minutes at 4.7 T. The shorter DTS acquisition will enable its application to white matter regions not aligned with the gradients and permit clinical studies in a feasible time. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Imaging brain microvasculature is important in cerebrovascular diseases. However, there is still a lack of non-invasive, non-radiation, and whole-body imaging techniques to investigate them. The aim of this study is to develop an ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) enhanced susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) method for imaging micro-vasculature in both animal (~10 μm in rat) and human brain. We hypothesized that the USPIO-SWI technique could improve the detection sensitivity of the diameter of small subpixel vessels 10-fold compared with conventional MRI methods. Computer simulations were first performed with a double-cylinder digital model to investigate the theoretical basis for this hypothesis. The theoretical results were verified using in vitro phantom studies and in vivo rat MRI studies (n = 6) with corresponding ex vivo histological examinations. Additionally, in vivo human studies (n = 3) were carried out to demonstrate the translational power of the USPIO-SWI method. By directly compaestigations. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.AIM To investigate the clinicopathologic characteristic and fertility results of patients with mucinous borderline ovarian tumors (MBOTs), and the effects of intraepithelial carcinoma (IECA) on them. METHODS Fifty-two patients treated for MBOTs with or without IECA were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS Patients with IECA were more frequently observed at stage Ic (3/12 vs 1/40, P = 0.034) and accompanied by microinvasive carcinoma (3/12 vs 1/40, P = 0.034). The detected rate of IECA by intraoperative frozen section (5/12, 41.7%) was much lower than that of MBOTs (82.5%, P = 0.010). About 61.5% patients in our study underwent fertility-sparing surgery. Follow-up information was retained completely in 41 patients. And all four tumor recurrences were observed (9.8%) in conservative surgery group in 66 months, though there was no statistical association (P = 0.280). There were three patients who recurred more than once, even one occurred tumor-related death. Only one recurrent patient was in IECA group (P > 0.05). However, patients with IECA were more likely to receive adjuvant chemotherapy (3 of 12 vs 0 of 40, P = 0.010) and surgical staging (75% vs 52.5%, P = 0.200). As for fertility results, nine patients wished to be pregnant and seven of them (77.8%) were successful. CONCLUSION For young patients with MBOTs, fertility results are satisfactory after conservative surgery. But patients should be fully informed about the relative high recurrent rate. And IECA has no statistical negative effects on MBOTs till now, but a long-term follow-up is required. © 2020 Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology.in English, German HINTERGRUND  Eine Antibiotikaprophylaxe bei Patienten mit oberer gastrointestinaler Blutung bei Leberzirrhose reduziert das Risiko für bakterielle Infektionen sowie die Frühmortalität signifikant. Ziel der Studie ist es, den aktuellen Stand der Antibiotikaprophylaxe in gastroenterologischen Abteilungen in Deutschland zu erheben. METHODIK  Evaluation zu Indikation, Dauer und Wahl des Antibiotikums bei einer Ösophagusvarizenblutung bei Leberzirrhose durch eine Befragung von gastroenterologischen Abteilungen in Deutschland. ERGEBNISSE  Von 779 kontaktierten Gastroenterologien haben 326 an der Studie teilgenommen. 98,5 % der befragten Kliniken führen eine prophylaktische Antibiotikagabe bei Ösophagusvarizenblutungen bei Leberzirrhose durch (n = 321/326). Das Child-Pugh-Stadium der Leberzirrhose war nur in 7,1 % (n = 23/322) der Fälle wichtig bei der Entscheidung zur Antibiotikagabe. Eine prophylaktische Antibiotikatherapie wurde auch in 19,4 % (n = 62/320) der Fälle vor einem elektiven Ösophagusvarizenbanding ohne Blutung gegeben.