plants were incubated in an artificial climate box at 25 °C, 90% relative humidity, with a 12-h photoperiod. All leaves inoculated with conidial suspension and mycelial plugs produced similar symptoms as described above 10 days postinoculation, whereas the mock inoculated plants remained asymptomatic. The fungus isolated from inoculated leaves was identical to the original pathogen on account of morphological and molecular data, confirming Koch’s postulates, but not from the mock inoculated plants. Anthracnose disease caused by C. fructicola has been reported affecting numerous plants worldwide, including cotton, coffea, grape, citrus, mango, apple, pear, and cassava, among others (Guarnaccia et al. 2017, Oliveira et al. 2018). To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. fructicola causing anthracnose on L. chinense in China. This disease is significant concern in horticulture due to its impact on the aesthetics of ornamentals used in landscape plantings.Ficus carica L. known as common fig is one of the most profitable fruit crops in Taiwan. Their fruit are harvested for high-priced market. Common fig can be eaten fresh or dried and processed to make different food products. In September 2015, an anthracnose-like disease was widely observed on common fig fruit planted in an orchard in Lukang township (24°04’36” N, 120°27’15” E) in Changhua County, central Taiwan. Symptoms were sunken, water-soaked lesions covered with salmon-colored spore masses and were observed on all stages of fruit, especially when fruit was ripe. Four fungal isolates were collected from four diseased fruit of different plants in the same orchard. Conidia were spread on 2% water agar, and a single conidium was separated by a handmade glass needle. Fungal isolates were grown on potato dextrose agar (PDA) at 24 to 28°C with diffused light. All four strains produced white, aerial, and cottony mycelia covered with abundant salmon-colored conidial masses on PDA. The conidia were hyaline, singlropicale with the identification number BCRC FU31436 has been deposited at Taiwan Bioresource Collection and Research Center. This fungus had previously been found on lotus and mango in Taiwan (Chen and Kirschner 2018; Wu et al. 2020), while the pathogenicity among the isolates from different origins is not yet known. To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. tropicale causing anthracnose on common fig fruit in Taiwan.Canna indica L. (family Cannaceae), locally known as Bunga Kana, is a perennial plant grown as a source of starch and for ornamental purposes in Malaysia. During June 2021, Bunga Kana with rust symptoms and signs were collected from the Universiti Malaysia Sabah in the province of Sabah. The severity was 95%, and the incidence was 90%. Yellow uredinia were observed primarily on the abaxial surface of the leaves. As the disease progressed, leaves were covered with coalescing pustules, and chlorosis and brown necrosis developed. Microscopic examination of pustules revealed the presence of urediniospores and teliospores. Urediniospores were round to ovoid in shape, yellow, and echinulate, 17.7 to 24.6 x 26.8 to 45.2 μm, with two equatorial pores. Teliospores were elongate-clavate, with rounded apex, yellow contents, 18.3 x 20.2 to 45.8 x 53.9 μm, with a short pedicel. Yellow urediniospores were collected using a fine brush, and genomic DNA was extracted using lysis buffer [Tris-HCl (0.1M, pH 9.5), NaCl (1M), EDT after 13 days post inoculation. No symptoms occurred on controls. Leaf rust on Bunga Kana plants caused by P. thaliae has been reported in Europe (Talhinhas et al. 2016), Hawaii (Nelson 2013), India (Gopi et al. 2014), Mexico (Cedas de Jesús et al. 2018), Nepal (Adhikari and Durrieu 2016), New Zealand (Padamsee and McKenzie 2012), Singapore (Neo and Tham 2010) and South Africa (van Jaarsveld et al. 2006) over the past fifteen years. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. thaliae causing leaf rust on C. indica in Malaysia. Our findings expand the geographic range of P. thaliae and indicate it could be a potential threat limiting the starch production of C. indica in Malaysia.Pecan (Carya illinoinensis K. Koch) is very productive and brings good economic returns for mountain dwellers. In recent years, symptoms were observed on both leaves and fruits of pecan in orchards, Fuyang, Anhui Province, and Jiande, Zhejiang Province. On the leaf, spots, rust-colored, long shuttle to irregular shaped, and 1-3 mm in size, firstly appeared between veins. The color of area around the spot gradually changed from green to yellow making a yellow halo. Then, some spots often merged in to a big lesion. On the fruit, symptoms firstly appear as irregular and black spots. The spots gradually spread to most part of the fruit and the core of the fruit turned black at the late stage of pathogenesis. Normally, the leaf infection rate was less than 10%, whereas infection rate of fruit could reach 5-15% which leads to drastic quality reduction and significant yield losses. To isolate the pathogens, fresh infected tissues were cut from samples, disinfected and cultured at 2% water agar at 28 oC till colony cblack spot disease of pecan (C. illinoinensis). In recent years, both the infection area and severity of this disease grow rapidly, which means the potential of the disease to become a big problem in local orchards.Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz, also known as false flax, is an annual flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae and originated in Europe and Asia. In recent years, it is cultivated as an important biofuel crop in Europe, Canada, and the northwest of the United States. In June of 2021, severe powdery mildew was observed on C. sativa 'Suneson’ plants under greenhouse conditions (temperature 18.3°C/22.2°C, night/day) in Bozeman, Montana (45°40’N, 111°2’W). The disease incidence was 80.67% (150 pots, one plant per pot). White ectophytic powdery mildew including mycelia and conidia were observed on the upper leaves, usually developed from bottom tissues to top parts, also present on stems and siliques. Mycelia on leaves were amphigenous and in patches, often spreading to become effused. These typical symptoms were similar to a previous report of powdery mildew on Broccoli raab (Koike and Saenz 1997). Appressoria are lobed, and foot cells are cylindrical with size 18 to 26 × 7 to 10 μm. Conidia are cylindrical and pbeen reported only in the province of Domokos in Central Greece (Vellios et al. 2017). To our knowledge, this is the first report of powdery mildew caused by E. cruciferarum on C. sativa in Montana. Though the powdery mildew on C. sativa was observed in the greenhouse conditions in this work, it poses a potential threat to the production of this biofuel crop in the northwest of the United States.Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are obligate plant parasites that cause severe economic losses to agricultural crops worldwide. Due to serious health and environmental concerns related to the use of chemical nematicides, the development of efficient alternatives is of great importance. Biological control through exploiting the potential of rhizosphere microorganisms is currently accepted as an important approach for pest management in sustainable agriculture. In our research, during screening of rhizosphere bacteria against the root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita, Ochrobactrum pseudogrignonense strain NC1 from the rhizosphere of healthy tomatoes showed strong nematode inhibition. A volatile nematicidal assay showed that the cell-free fermentation filtrate in the first-row wells of 12-well tissue culture plates caused M. incognita juvenile mortality in the second-row wells. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed that dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) and benzaldehyde were the main volatile compounds produced by strain NC1. The nematicidal activity of these compounds indicated that the LC50 against the M. incognita juveniles in the second-row wells and the fourth-row wells were 23.4 μmol/mL and 30.7 μmol/mL for DMDS and 4.7 μmol/mL and 15.2 μmol/mL for benzaldehyde, respectively. A greenhouse trial using O. pseudogrignonense strain NC1 provided management efficiencies of root-knot nematodes of 88 to 100% compared with the untreated control. This study demonstrated that nematode-induced root-gall suppression mediated by the bacterial volatiles DMDS and benzaldehyde presents a new opportunity for root-knot nematode management.During a survey in 2018 for plant nematodes associated with roots and soil in cactus cultivation areas in Ceará State (3°44’48″S, 38°34’29″W), cysts were found on roots of mandacaru, Cereus jamacaru DC. This cactus is native to Brazil, can grow to 6-10 meters in height, and is widely distributed in the Northeast region (Romeiro-Brito et al. 2016) where it is used in construction, in disease remedies, as forage, and as an ornamental (Sales et al. 2014). Several cysts, second-stage juveniles (J2) and eggs extracted from the soil and roots, using sucrose centrifugation, were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy (LM) to determine morphological and morphometric characteristics. Molecular characteristics were determined by DNA extraction from J2 and embryonated eggs using a protocol specific for Heteroderidae (Subbotin et al., 2018). The internal transcribed spacer sequence (ITS) region of the rDNA and D2-D3 regions of the 28S rDNA were amplified using the universal primers TW81 (5′-Gctodera cacti. All inoculated mandacaru plantlets showed C. cacti cysts on the roots after 60 days, confirming that mandacaru is a host for C. cacti. This species was reported in São Paulo State, in 2001, associated with ornamental cactus cultivated in pots, but plant species were not identified (Santos et al., 2001). The second report in Brazil was to Schlumbergera sp., an ornamental plant (Oliveira et al. 2007). In both studies, the nematode was not morphologically nor molecularly characterized. Cactodera cacti has been commonly associated with cactus worldwide (Esser, 1992). It has been reported in association with C. jamacaru was first reported in 2011 in China (Duan et al. 2012). This is the first report of the occurrence of C. cacti on C. jamacaru in field conditions in Brazil, and its presence in cactus cultivation areas with agricultural importance represents a threat to cactus production in the country.Cardamine violifohia is an economically-important medicinal plant, and also a valuable plant for strong ability to accumulate selenium (Se) (Ebba et al. 2020). It is not only be used to extract selenium protein and selenium polysaccharide, but also widely used to develop selenium-supplement reagent. In September 2020, root-knot nematodes (RKN; Meloidogyne spp.) infection experiments showed that galls and egg masses were observed on the roots of numerous C. violifolia plants in Enshi (30°32’25.67″ N; 109°48’48.46″ E), Hubei Province, China. Meanwhile, the overground plants of C. violifohia were stunted and leaves were yellow. Almost 5% C. violifohia plants were affected by the disease. The roots with galls were collected, and nematodes were dissected and extracted (Fig. S1). Based on phytopathological clinic, the number of galls on each plant was 91.87 ± 19.01, and egg masses was 15.27 ± 5.36 (n = 15). Nematodes and galls were collected from soil and infected roots (Barker 1985). The morphological diagnostic of the nematode species was measured as follows.