The macroscopic movement of subsurface fluids involved in CO

storage, groundwater, and petroleum engineering applications is controlled by interfacial forces in the pores of rocks. Recent advances in modelling these systems has arisen from approaches simulating flow through a digital representation of the complex pore structure. However, further progress is limited by difficulties in characterising the spatial distribution of the wetting state within the pore structure. In this work, we show how observations of the fluid coverage of mineral surfaces within the pores of rocks can be used as the basis for a quantitative 3D characterisation of heterogeneous wetting states throughout rock pore structures.

We demonstrate the approach with water-oil fluid pairs on rocks with distinct lithologies (sandstone and carbonate) and wetting states (hydrophilic, intermediate wetting, and heterogeneously wetting).

Fluid surface coverage the within rock pores is a robust signal of the wetting state across varying rock types and wetting states. The wetting state can be quantified and the resulting 3D maps can be used as a deterministic input to pore scale models. These may be applied to multiphase flow problems in porous media ranging from soil science to fuel cells.

Fluid surface coverage the within rock pores is a robust signal of the wetting state across varying rock types and wetting states. The wetting state can be quantified and the resulting 3D maps can be used as a deterministic input to pore scale models. These may be applied to multiphase flow problems in porous media ranging from soil science to fuel cells.Polydopamine/defective ultrathin mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (PDA/DCN) Z-scheme organic assembly is fabricated through high-temperature surface hydrogenation and ultrasonic freeze-dried strategies. PDA could be anchored on the surface of DCN with adequate N-vacancy defects firmly via π-π interactions, forming Z-scheme heterogenous structure for promoting charge separation. The visible and near-infrared light driven photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate is up to 3420 μmol h-1 g-1, and the removal ratio of organic contaminant methylene blue is up to 98% within 70 min, which is several times higher than that of pristine graphitic carbon nitride and DCN. The important reason is the defects of DCN not only enhance the interaction with PDA, but also make the obvious polarized inbuilt electric field, and lead to Z-scheme structure for effective charge separation and rapid transfer, which is also confirmed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. In addition, PDA extends the photoresponse to the near-infrared region and induces obvious photothermal effect to increase the reaction rate of the photocatalytic system. The efficient photothermal conversion of PDA/DCN should be another reason for the enhanced photocatalytic performance.

The purpose of this paper is to describe the iterative design, development, and evaluation of a novel mHealth learning environment for parents of children with epilepsy. The mHealth learning environment is a component of a broader behavioral intervention called eACT (Epilepsy Adherence in Children and Technology), which seeks to improve antiepileptic drug adherence in children with epilepsy. The eACT mHealth learning environment integrates theoretical principles from the learning sciences with user-centered design methods and advanced learning technologies to provide an efficient and appealing learning experience that is specifically tailored to adult learners.

The eACT mHealth learning environment was developed by a multidisciplinary team of experts across three major phases including 1) preparation, 2) iterative design, and 3) iterative development. The preparation phase included developing user personas and conducting focus groups, which identified user needs and use cases for the product. The iterative learning experience design process made use of rapid prototypes in which the product design was improved between versions, resulting in a final design proof. Usability and user experience methods were deployed to evaluate the system during the iterative development phase.

Results from three phases of iterative design and development are presented through user personas, usability data, and qualitative analysis. Findings suggest the eACT mHealth learning environment is highly usable and relevant to the unique needs of adult caregivers of children with epilepsy. Findings also suggest that user experience was largely positive.

This paper reveals key insights about how formative learning experience design processes can lead to highly relevant and usable interventions for adult learners.

This paper reveals key insights about how formative learning experience design processes can lead to highly relevant and usable interventions for adult learners.Youth at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis can present not only with characteristic attenuated psychotic symptoms but also may have other comorbid conditions, including anxiety and depression. These undifferentiated mood symptoms can overlap with the clinical presentation of youth with Distress syndromes. Increased resting-state functional connectivity within cerebello-thalamo-cortical (CTC) pathways has been proposed as a trait-specific biomarker for CHR. However, it is unclear whether this functional neural signature remains specific when compared to a different risk group youth with Distress syndromes. The purpose of the present work was to describe CTC alterations that distinguish between CHR and Distressed individuals. Using machine learning algorithms, we analyzed CTC connectivity features of CHR (n = 51), Distressed (n = 41), and healthy control (n = 36) participants. We found four cerebellar (lobes VII and left Crus II anterior/posterior) and two basal ganglia (right putamen and right thalamus) nodes containing a set of specific connectivity features that distinguished between CHR, Distressed and healthy control groups. Hyperconnectivity between medial lobule VIIb, somatomotor network and middle temporal gyrus was associated with CHR status and more severe symptoms. Detailed atlas parcellation suggested that CHR individuals may have dysfunction mainly within the associative (cognitive) pathways, particularly, between those brain areas responsible for the multi-sensory signal integration.

To explore school-aged children’s experiences about their best interests and participation in care during a hospital admission.

A descriptive qualitative design involving in-depth, iterative inductive review of child responses to generate key words that led to identification of categories and themes. The study was guided by the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child’s definition of the best interests of the child, Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model and a child centred care approach.

Nine school-aged children (5-15 years old) from one children’s ward in Australia participated. Analysis yielded thirteen categories, six sub-themes, and three themes 1) Relationships with parents were positive when they met their children’s physical and emotional needs and advocated for them; 2) Relationships with staff were positive when staff created opportunities for children to have a say in their healthcare, and checked in on the children and 3) Seeking familiarity away from home was facilitated when the environment children found themselves in provided them their own space and various forms of entertainment.

School-aged children were able to verbalize what their best interests were and how participation in care could be facilitated in the hospital setting. The inter-relationships of the children with their parents, healthcare professionals, and the immediate environment reflected interactions both within, and between systems.

Children in hospital need to be provided with age-appropriate opportunities to participate in shared decision making to support their best interests. Studies that model and evaluate such opportunities are needed.

Children in hospital need to be provided with age-appropriate opportunities to participate in shared decision making to support their best interests. Studies that model and evaluate such opportunities are needed.Case report of malignant pleural mesothelioma with an ALK gene rearrangement, detected by FISH and confirmed by RNA-based next-generation sequencing. The co-occurrence of ALK gene fusions with the more common genetic alterations in CDKN2A, NF2 and BAP1 has, to our best knowledge, not yet been described in malignant mesothelioma. Furthermore, this unexpected finding could suggest a potential target for therapy in this subset of malignant mesotheliomas.

We conducted surveys in older people at a venue and in home-visits, and compared cognitive and health status between the two groups to assess their cognitive and everyday functioning.

Among 7,614 persons aged 70 years and older living in an urban area, 5,430 responded to a mail survey for sociodemographic characteristics and self-rated questionnaires including the Geriatric Depression Scale-short form (GDS-15). Of these, 1,360 agreed to attend a venue survey, and 693 agreed to take a home-visit survey. Trained nurses examined participants’ blood pressure, medical history, and daily functions using the dementia assessment sheet for community-based integrated care system (DASC-21), and tested their cognitive function using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE).

Of 2,053 participants, 2,020 (venue 1,352; home-visit 668) completed the MMSE. Median MMSE scores for the venue and home-visit groups were 28 and 26 points, respectively, with 130/1,352 (9.6%) and 205/668 (30.7%) participants below the traditional 23/24 cutoff score. The home-visit group had lower mobility, lower frequency of going out, poorer mental health, and lower independence in instrumental daily activities. Notably, 39.9% and 43.7% of the venue and home-visit groups lived alone, respectively.

In this sample of urban older people, the rate of cognitive decline detected using the MMSE was three times higher in the home-visit group than in the venue group. Home-visit participants were more likely to have difficulty in physical, cognitive, and everyday functioning, suggesting they have a greater need for daily living support to continue living in the community.

In this sample of urban older people, the rate of cognitive decline detected using the MMSE was three times higher in the home-visit group than in the venue group. Home-visit participants were more likely to have difficulty in physical, cognitive, and everyday functioning, suggesting they have a greater need for daily living support to continue living in the community.The etiology of adjacent segment disease after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) remains controversial. Range of motion (ROM) is typically used to infer the effects of arthrodesis on adjacent segment motion following ACDF, however, ROM only measures the total amount of motion. In contrast, the helical axis of motion (HAM) quantifies how the motion occurs and may provide additional insight into the etiology of adjacent segment pathology. Synchronized biplane radiographs of the cervical spine were acquired at 30 images per second while 62 ACDF patients and 38 control participants performed dynamic neck flexion/extension. A validated tracking process matched digitally reconstructed radiographs created from subject-specific bone models to the radiographs with sub-millimeter accuracy. The intervertebral HAM was then calculated and compared between pre and 1 year post surgery in patients, and between patients and controls at corresponding motion segments using linear mixed-effects analysis. Small differences in the anterior/posterior location of the HAM were found between the symptomatic motion segments before surgery and corresponding motion segments in controls.