8% for non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, 2.9% for proliferative diabetic retinopathy, 1.5% for retinal photocoagulation, 9.3% for microalbuminuria, 14.2% for proteinuria, 2.9% for peripheral neuropathy, 10.5% for lower extremity amputation, 0.9% for myocardial infarction, 0.5% for stroke and 0.5% for infections. CONCLUSION The duration of lockdown is directly proportional to the worsening of glycaemic control and diabetes-related complications. Such increase in diabetes-related complications will put additional load on overburdened healthcare system, and also increase COVID19 infections in patients with such uncontrolled glycemia. INTRODUCTION and Aims No valid treatment or preventative strategy has evolved till date to counter the SARS CoV 2 (Novel Coronavirus) epidemic that originated in China in late 2019 and have since wrought havoc on millions across the world with illness, socioeconomic recession and death. This analysis was aimed at tracing a trend related to death counts expected at the 5th and 6th week of the COVID-19 in India. MATERIAL AND METHODS Validated database was used to procure global and Indian data related to coronavirus and related outcomes. Multiple regression and linear regression analyses were used interchangeably. Since the week 6 death count data was not correlated significantly with any of the chosen inputs, an auto-regression technique was employed to improve the predictive ability of the regression model. RESULTS A linear regression analysis predicted average week 5 death count to be 211 with a 95% CI 1.31-2.60). Similarly, week 6 death count, in spite of a strong correlation with input variables, did not pass the test of statistical significance. Using auto-regression technique and using week 5 death count as input the linear regression model predicted week 6 death count in India to be 467, while keeping at the back of our mind the risk of over-estimation by most of the risk-based models. CONCLUSION According to our analysis, if situation continue in present state; projected death rate (n) is 211 and467 at the end of the 5th and 6th week from now, respectively. BACKGROUND AND AIMS High prevalence of diabetes makes it an important comorbidity in patients with COVID-19. We sought to review and analyze the data regarding the association between diabetes and COVID-19, pathophysiology of the disease in diabetes and management of patients with diabetes who develop COVID-19 infection. METHODS PubMed database and Google Scholar were searched using the key terms 'COVID-19′, 'SARS-CoV-2′, 'diabetes’, 'antidiabetic therapy’ up to April 2, 2020. Full texts of the retrieved articles were accessed. RESULTS There is evidence of increased incidence and severity of COVID-19 in patients with diabetes. COVID-19 could have effect on the pathophysiology of diabetes. Blood glucose control is important not only for patients who are infected with COVID-19, but also for those without the disease. Innovations like telemedicine are useful to treat patients with diabetes in today’s times. Exacerbation of climate change and air pollution around the world have emphasized the necessity of replacing fossil fuels with clean and sustainable energy. Metabolic engineering has provided strategies to engineer diverse organisms for the production of biofuels from renewable carbon sources. Although some of the processes are commercialized, there has been continued effort to produce advanced biofuels with higher efficiencies. In this article, metabolic engineering strategies recently exploited to enhance biofuel production and facilitate utilization of non-edible low-value carbon sources are reviewed. The strategies include engineering enzymes, exploiting new pathways, and systematically optimizing metabolism and fermentation processes, among others. In addition, metabolic and bioprocess engineering strategies to achieve competitiveness of current biofuel production systems compared with fossil fuels are discussed. The development of lignin-based carbon electrodes for high-performance flexible, solid-state supercapacitors in next-generation soft and portable electronics, has received much attention. Herein, a self-doped multi-porous lignin-based biocarbon (SUMBC) has been prepared via a simple sulfonation assisted sacrificial template method for the effective formation of oxygenated C-S-C moieties in the carbon network. In this proposed method, the sulfonate moieties in lignin are responsible for the successful decoration of oxygen enriched C-S-C moieties as well as for creating the optimal multilevel porous architecture (ultra-micropores, micropores and mesopores) in the carbon matrix with a large surface area (3149 m2 g-1). Because the sulfonate functionalities yield more sulfur species and induce further defects into carbon framework, in the activation process, these sulfur functionalities produce additional narrow micropores. Benefiting from the above unique feature, the supercapacitor (SC) with the SUMBC electrode delivers excellent capacitive behavior in both acidic (2 M H2SO4) and alkaline (6 M KOH) liquid electrolytes. More prominently, the all-solid state, symmetric supercapacitors assembled by SUMBC show outstanding capacitance of ~140 F g-1 at 0.5 A g-1 in two different devices and reveals high energy density (~5.41 W h kg-1 at 0.5 k W kg-1 power density) and excellent stability. In addition, the solid-state supercapacitors manifest a remarkable flexibility at different bending angles. Hence, the present work provides a new strategy for the preparation of efficient biocarbons via a facile sulfonation assisted sacrificial template method; moreover, the high-performance all-solid supercapacitors based on sulfonated modified lignin has great potential in the field of portable and wearable energy storage devices. HYPOTHESIS Certain biobased polymers or natural compounds can be effectively used in superhydrophobic coating formulations to reduce environmental impact of fluorinated compounds and related bioaccumulation and toxicity problems. Many environmental concerns have thus far been raised in relation to toxicity of solvents and C8 fluorine chemicals. Elimination of these important elements from non-wettable coating formulations can jeopardize non-wetting performance significantly. However, intelligent and innovative approaches that introduce ecofriendly resins and compounds in superhydrophobic coating formulations without significantly altering self-cleaning superhydrophobicity are possible and being reported. EXPERIMENTS Superhydrophobic coatings based on a biomass-derived bioresin polyfurfuryl alcohol (PFA) were prepared. The coatings were made by blending PFA resin with a C6 perfluorinated acrylic copolymer PFAC in solution and subsequent spray coating. Silica nanoparticles were also added in order to repel some common oils. Coating morphology, chemical and thermal properties, biocompatibility and bacterial adhesion properties were studied in detail. FINDINGS Coatings having 50 wt% bioresin revealed equal water-repellency performance comapred to 100% PFAC-based coatings. Healthy cell growth was maintained on the coatings with no cell toxicity using human cell line, HeLa cells. Superhydrophobic coatings demonstrated very low bacterial adhesion to E. coli, S. aureus and Ps. aeruginosa indicating promising biofouling resistance. The coatings did not require any post thermal annealing. This would cause significant energy savings for large-scale adaptation. Particles dispersed in liquid crystals (LCs) have been shown to assemble due to the elastic interactions arising from the molecular anisotropy. Studies have shown that the alignment of the particles within LCs were strongly dependent on the surface director of LCs on particles. Different from the past studies involving particles with degenerate planar anchoring of LCs, this study shows that the azimuthal surface director can be used to control and finely tune the positioning of the particles in LCs. Specifically, polymeric particles with two flat surfaces that mediate parallel or non-parallel (chiral) anchoring were synthesized and dispersed in nematic 5CB with spatial variations in the director profile. Besides demonstration of their positioning, it was observed that the particles with same chiral handedness with the LC twist were distributed within the LC film, whereas particles with opposite handedness were repelled from the LC medium due to the elastic energy contributions. In addition, a pronounced effect of the surface anchoring of the particles were present on their orientation during non-equilibrium events such as sedimentation. Overall, the studies presented here will find potential use in sensors, separations, optics or soft robotic applications that will take advantages of chirality or chiral interactions. At present, efficient and stable low-cost electromagnetic (EM) wave absorbing materials have been widely explored, but further improvement is still necessary. In this research, three types of hierarchical Co3O4/N-doped carbon/short carbon fiber (SCF) composites with different assembly structures were produced by annealing the ZIF-67/SCF and Co-LDHs/SCF precursors at 700 °C. The obtained Co3O4/N-doped carbon particles were uniformly attached on SCF in the form of nanocages or thin layer to compose a unique hierarchical structure. Notably, all three composites displayed high-performance EM wave absorption with a low filling ratio of only 20 wt% in paraffin matrix. Among them, cage-like Co-LDHs/SCF derived hierarchical carbon composite demonstrates the best performance, with a broad absorption bandwidth (RL ≤ -10 dB) of 6.08 GHz at 2.0 mm. Such excellent properties are attributed to the formed 3D conductive network, abundant Debye dipolar relaxation centers and strong interfacial polarization. These novel lightweight 2-methylimidazole-mediated Co3O4/N-doped carbon/SCF composites are expected to show great potential in EM wave absorption fields. Recovery of lactose from the whey using sonocrystallization was studied experimentally. The effect of sonication medium and irradiation power levels was evaluated using three different ultrasonic equipments. Effects of various parameters such as sonication time, pH of the medium, antisolvent (acetone and acetone-ethanol mixture) and concentration of lactose were determined. The optimal parametric conditions were analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, particle size distribution, and zeta potential measurements. Overall, the highest lactose recovery was obtained using a mixture of acetone and ethanol as antisolvent in bath sonication as well as atomization process. V.In this study, we investigated the effects of extracellular matrix rigidity, an important physical property of microenvironments regulating cell morphology and functions, on sonoporation facilitated by targeted microbubbles, highlighting the role of microbubbles. We conducted mechanistic studies at the cellular level on physiologically relevant soft and rigid substrates. By developing a unique imaging strategy, we first resolved details of the 3D attachment configurations between targeted microbubbles and cell membrane. High-speed video microscopy then unveiled bubble dynamics driven by a single ultrasound pulse. Finally, we evaluated the cell membrane permeabilization using a small molecule model drug. Our results demonstrate that (1) stronger targeted microbubble attachment was formed for cells cultured on the rigid substrate, while six different attachment configurations were revealed in total; (2) more violent bubble oscillation was observed for cells cultured on the rigid substrate, while one third of bubbles attached to cells on the soft substrate exhibited deformation shortly after ultrasound was turned off; (3) higher acoustic pressure was needed to permeabilize the cell membrane for cells on the soft substrate, while under the same ultrasound condition, acoustically-activated microbubbles generated larger pores as compared to cells cultured on the soft substrate.