While climate warming and reduced precipitation were observed in the basin, changes in the fundamental precipitation-flow relationship implicate infrastructural changes (upstream dams) as the primary reason for these changes. This analysis quantified how flow variability under historic and contemporary conditions have affected wetland area and other hydro-pattern characteristics and suggests that at an annual average of least 70 m3/s of water deliveries to the western Mesopotamian marsh are required to restore 1000 km2 of wetland area. Our hope is that this focus on the river-marsh connection will help inform predictive models and scenario analysis for restoration of this unique social-ecological system.Accurate estimation of daily spatially-continuous PM2.5 (fine particulate matter) concentration is a prerequisite to address environmental public health issues, and satellite-based aerosol optical depth (AOD) products have been widely used to estimate PM2.5 concentrations using statistical-based or machine learning-based models. However, statistical-based models oversimplify the AOD-PM2.5 relationships, whereas complex machine learning technologies ignore the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of the predictors and demonstrate shortage in interpretation. Besides, large AOD data gaps resulting in PM2.5 estimation biases have been seldom imputed in previous studies, especially at national scales. To fill the above research gaps, this study attempts to present a feasible methodology to estimate daily spatially-continuous PM2.5 concentrations in China. The AOD data gaps across China were first imputed via a random forest (RF) model. Then, an interpretable self-adaptive deep neural network (SADNN) model, incorporating Aility and interpretability, the SADNN model is beneficial for not only PM2.5 estimation but also other earth data and scenarios.In this study, by inoculating nitritation suspended sludge, simultaneous nitritation, anammox and denitrification (SNAD) was established quickly in an integrated fixed-biofilm activated sludge (IFAS) reactor to treat high-ammonia municipal wastewater. Results showed that, deep-level total nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand removal efficiencies (92.8% and 78.8%, respectively) were achieved, and their effluent concentrations were 13.2 and 39.3 mg/L, respectively. Excess generation of nitrate was once occurred under continuous aerobic condition, but it could be solved by suppressing nitrite oxidizing bacteria activity stably via switching to intermittent aeration mode (alternate 7 min of aerobic and 21 min of anoxic) and rising influent ammonium concentration temporarily (lasted 31 days). High-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that, Candidatus_Brocadia, as dominant anammox bacteria, was self-generated in flocs (2.93%) but mainly biofilm (7.67%), whereas uncultured_f_Nitrosomonadaceae as ammonia oxidizing bacteria was mainly found in flocs (2.4%). This work not only demonstrated that anammox bacteria could be self-generated and retained in the SNAD-IFAS system, but also suggested a promising application of the SNAD-IFAS in wastewater treatment plants.Anaerobic co-digestion of lignocellulosic biomass and food waste (FW) has been extensively applied. However, whether hydrothermal pretreatment (HTP) of lignocellulosic biomass can enhance the performance in co-digestion deserves further investigation. In this study, corn cob (CC) was adopted as a typical lignocellulosic biomass for co-digestion with FW at different VS ratios of 13 (S1-S4) and 16 (S5-S8), attempting to evaluate the effect of HTP of CC at different temperature gradients (125, 150 and 175 °C) on the co-digestion performance. The emphasis was placed on hydrolysis, acidification and methanogenesis for different feedstock conditions. Results illustrated that the HTP had a certain destroying effect on the lignocellulose structure in CC and the crystallinity of cellulose decreased, significantly facilitating its co-digestion with FW. For FW/CC co-digestion at the VS ratio of 13, the S3 group (CC was pretreated at 150 °C) reached the maximum cumulative biogas yield (CBY) of 4660 mL and the maximum specific methane yield (SMY) of 316.9 mL/g·VS. Moreover, at 16, S7 group (pretreated at 150 °C) exhibited the optimal CBY of 4100 mL while achieving the SMY of 277.6 mL/g·VS among the digesters, indicating that the co-digestion of pretreated CC and FW could achieve higher methane production, and 150 °C refers to the optimal pretreatment temperature. Moreover, the peak values of the accumulated VFAs in digesters S1-S4 (2000-3000 mg/L) is higher than that in digesters S5-S8 (800-1500 mg/L). As suggested from microbial community and diversity date, the HTP expedited the enrichment of system hydrolyzing and acidogenic bacteria. These results are significant and provide certain guidance for optimizing the co-digestion of FW and CC in actual engineering.Coral bacteria are highly dynamic and acutely affected by host health and environmental conditions. However, there is limited knowledge of how the dynamics of coral-associated bacterial communities and interactions among bacterial members change in response to dissolved inorganic nutrient stressors. Here, we used high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene to examine dynamic changes in coral-associated bacterial communities under elevated ammonium stress. Short-term exposure to high levels of ammonium does not significantly harm coral holobiont. Physiological parameters such as carbohydrate, chlorophyll a, and lipid content of coral holobiont were not affected. After three weeks of elevated ammonium stress, however, the coral-associated bacterial community changed significantly. The abundance of certain bacterial populations increased significantly, with enrichment of pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria and a decrease in defensive and core bacteria. Keystone bacterial species in the co-occurrence network changed considerably. Under elevated ammonium stress, the abundance of keystone species associated with corals was lower and the complexity of keystone bacterial relationships decreased significantly. Our results indicate that bacteria respond to elevated ammonium stress through changes in abundance and co-occurrence among bacterial members. This precedes visual symptoms of changes in coral physiological conditions and could be used as an early warning indicator of elevated ammonium stress in coastal coral reef management.Ammonia nitrogen management is a recurrent problem in intensive livestock areas. Struvite precipitation stands as a mature technology to recover ammonia nitrogen and prevent associated environmental problems. However, the feasibility of struvite technology to recover ammonia nitrogen from pig manure is limited by the reagents cost. This research aimed to optimise the formulation of a stabilizing agent (SA) synthesised using an industrial low-grade MgO by-product (LG-MgO) and phosphoric acid for efficient TAN recovery via struvite precipitation. Experimental results showed that the H3PO4/LG-MgO ratio controls the magnesium phosphate mineral phase of the SA (bobierrite and/or newberyite). Newberyite-rich SA showed the highest TAN removal efficiency from pig manure (66-73%) compared to the SA formed by a mixture of newberyite and bobierrite (51-59%) and by bobierrite (26%). Particle size reduction of LG-MgO did not improve the SA’s TAN removal efficiency, although XRD patterns showed that the precipitates from the TAN removal experiments contained some unreacted newberyite. The economic analysis showed that the higher reactivity of the SA formulated using higher H3PO4/LG-MgO ratios compensated reagent costs. The SA synthesised with a H3PO4/LG-MgO ratio of 0.98 showed the most economical treatment cost, which was estimated at 7.5 € per kg of ammonia nitrogen from pig manure. Finally, the optimum SA was successfully synthesised in a 200-L pilot plant, with a TAN removal capacity only 10% lower than the one synthesised at lab-scale.As symbionts capable of reciprocal rewards, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can alleviate heavy metal toxicity to host plants and are easily influenced by elevated CO2 (ECO2). Although the individual effects of ECO2 and cadmium (Cd) on AMF have been widely reported, the response of AMF to ECO2 + Cd receives little attention. We evaluated the combined effects of ECO2 and Cd on AMF in the rhizosphere soil and roots of Robinia pseudoacacia L. seedlings. Under ECO2 + Cd relative to Cd, AMF gene copies and richness in rhizosphere soils increased (p less then 0.05) and the diversity reduced (p less then 0.05) at 4.5 mg Cd kg-1 dry soil; whereas root AMF abundance at 4.5 mg Cd kg-1 dry soil and the diversity and richness reduced (p less then 0.05). Elevated CO2 caused obvious differences in the dominant genera abundance between rhizosphere soils and roots upon Cd exposure. Responses of C, water-soluble organic nitrogen (WSON), pH, and diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA)-Cd in rhizosphere soils and root N to ECO2 shaped dominant genera in Cd-polluted rhizosphere soils. Levels of DTPA-Cd, WSON, C and pH in rhizosphere soils and C/N ratio, N, and Cd in roots to ECO2 affected (p less then 0.05) dominant genera in roots under Cd exposure. AMF richness and diversity were lower in roots than in rhizosphere soils. Elevated CO2 altered AMF communities in rhizosphere soils and roots of R. pseudoacacia seedlings exposed to Cd. AMF associated with R. pseudoacacia may be useful/interesting to be used for improving the phytoremediation of Cd under ECO2.The thermal desorption (TD) technique has long suffered from the 'one-shot’ problem, whereby the entire sample is consumed in a single analysis, and thus no sample remains for repeated analysis. Recent developments in TD equipment allow for the quantitative re-collection of split samples during thermal desorption, which can be utilised for archiving or immediate analysis. However, the performance of TD systems for re-collecting different volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has rarely been demonstrated. This study provides a systematic investigation into the re-collection efficiency for over 90 VOCs on a TD unit under different conditions. An analytical method was developed based on multi-sorbent tubes and TD-GC/MS, which could quantitatively measure 92 VOCs with good sensitivity (method detection limit between 0.01 and 2 ng) and precision ( less then 10%). Satisfactory re-collection performance (recoveries within 100% ± 20%) was found for over 70 compounds under different split modes for multiple times, and the single (outlet) split mode was preferred in this regard, in order to avoid significant uncertainties in the results. Thermal labile, polar or reactive compounds such as alcohols and ketones were generally not compatible with re-collection, as they were either lost due to thermal decomposition or formed as system artefacts. In addition, bromochloromethane should not be used as an internal standard when performing sample re-collection, since it will experience significant loss during repeated analysis and lead to overestimation for corresponding compounds. Finally, the re-collection was tested with low-concentration field samples to resolve the unexpected water problem in analysis. Although higher uncertainties were expected in the re-collected samples, the results provided good information on overall concentration variations at the sampling site, thereby instilling confidence in the results obtained from the primary analysis.