teoblastic differentiation; and the greater the concentration, the more effective it is.Over the last twenty years, about 240,000 articles where histochemical techniques were used have been published in indexed journals, and their yearly number has progressively increased. The histochemical approach was selected by researchers with very different scientific interests, as the journals in which these articles were published fall within 140 subject categories. The relative proportion of articles in some of these journal categories did change over the years, and browsing the table of contents of the European Journal of Histochemistry, as an example of a strictly histochemical journal, it appeared that in recent years histochemical techniques were preferentially used to mechanistically investigate natural or experimentally induced dynamic processes, with reduced attention to purely descriptive works. It may be foreseen that, in the future, histochemistry will be increasingly focused on studying the molecular pathways responsible for cell differentiation, the maintenance or loss of the differentiated state, and tissue regeneration.

Lobectomy is the main treatment strategy for early lung cancer. However, there are many anatomical variations in the lungs, especially some pulmonary veins will deviate from the normal position, and even cross the border of lob to enter the adjacent lobes, which increases the difficulty and risk of lobectomy. This study aims to analyze the variation types and frequency of pulmonary translobar veins, and further investigate its clinical significance in lobectomy.

This study retrospectively included 916 patients who underwent lung resection in our center from December 2018 to November 2019, and selected 310 patients who underwent enhanced chest computed tomography (CT) examination before surgery. Enhanced chest CT and three-dimensional computed tomography bronchography and angiography (3D-CTBA) of these patients were applied to analyze the types and frequency of translobar veins. Further, 48 cases of lobectomy whose operation areas involved translobar veins were further screened out of 916 surgical cases (Atory function of the remaining lung was impaired in the severed group, with the impaired area failing to collapse long after ventilation is stopped, the incidence of postoperative hemoptysis (13.89% vs 0.00%) and pulmonary air leakage (19.44% vs 8.33%) increased, the postoperative hospital stay [(4.72±1.86) d vs (3.92±1.62) d] was longer, and the total drainage during 3 days after operation [(705.42±265.02) mL vs (604.92±229.64) mL] was more, but the difference is not statistically significant.

There are a variety of types of translobar pulmonary veins and some of them have a high incidence; However, most of the translobar veins were neglected in surgery, which could adversely affect the safety of surgery and the recovery of patients after surgery.

There are a variety of types of translobar pulmonary veins and some of them have a high incidence; However, most of the translobar veins were neglected in surgery, which could adversely affect the safety of surgery and the recovery of patients after surgery.

Precise segmentectomy has become the first choice of surgical treatment for pulmonary nodules and early lung cancer, and the key and difficult point of the surgery lies in the precise location and resection of the lesion. DeepInsight is an auxiliary software for precise lung surgery jointly developed by our center and Neusoft Company, which can determine the precise anatomy of the lung and locate the location of lung lesions before operation. This study is to verify the authenticity and reliability of DeepInsight lung bronchial angiography assisted surgery.

In this study, 1,020 patients with pulmonary nodules <2.0 cm in diameter were included in the Department of Thoracic Surgery Jiangsu Provincial People’s Hospital from August 1, 2016 to December 31, 2019. Computed tomographic angiography (CTA) was performed on all the included patients before surgery. The DeepInsight software was used to perform preoperative bronchial angiography on the operative side of the lung to identify the affected pulmonary sebronchial vessels can accurately reconstruct the actual pulmonary vessels and assist the completion of pulmonary segmental resection.

Targeted therapy for patients with driver genes positive and immunotherapy for patients with driver gene-negative but high programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression are the standards of first-line treatment for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The treatment options for patients with driver gene positive and high PD-L1 expression are still worth exploring.

The characteristics of 315 patients with NSCLC were identified to analyze the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with driver gene positive and high PD-L1 expression, and the efficacy of targeted therapy.

Among the 315 patients, the total positive rate of driver genes was 62.2%, and the high PD-L1 expression rate (≥50.0%) was 11.2%. The proportion of patients with driver gene positive and high PD-L1 expression was 10.7%. PD-L1 was highly expressed in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation, KRAS mutation, ALK fusion, BRAF mutation, and MET 14 exon skip mutation, the proportions were 7.8% (. Patients with sensitive mutations and high PD-L1 expression may be less benefit from targeted therapy and have poor prognosis.

Cullin1 is a representative member of the Cullin family, and it plays an important role in the ubiquitination of cell cycle, transcription and signal transduction related proteins. Cullin1 is closely related to the occurrence and development of a variety of malignant tumors. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of Cullin1 on biological function of lung adenocarcinoma A549 and H1395 Cells.

The expression of Cullin1 mRNA was detected by quantitative Real-time polymerase chain reaction in lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549, H358, H1395, H1650) and human normal lung epithelial cells BEAS-2B, siRNA technology was used to interfere with lung adenocarcinoma cells with relatively high expression of Cullin1 mRNA; cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution, early cell apoptosis, invasion and migration ability were detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay (MTT), flow cytometry and Transwell experiment; Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), matg adenocarcinoma.

Interference with Cullin1 inhibits the proliferation, invasion and migration of lung adenocarcinoma A549 and H1395 cells, Cullin1 plays a role in promoting cancer in lung adenocarcinoma.Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG) is a therapeutic endoscopic technique for reducing the size of the gastric reservoir in obese patients, using a full-thickness endoscopic suturing device. The effectiveness of ESG in weight loss is significantly greater than that of high-intensity diet and lifestyle therapy and lower than that of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). The efficacy at 12 months after ESG in terms of percentage of total body weight loss and excess body weight loss was approximately 16% and 60%, respectively. The well-known predictive factors for increased weight loss by ESG are good compliance with regular monitoring and post-procedure care involving a multidisciplinary team approach. Although the underlying mechanism of weight loss induced by ESG is debatable, delayed gastric emptying and early satiation are some of the proposed mechanisms. The pooled rate of adverse events after ESG reported in several meta-analysis studies ranged from 1.5% to 2.3% and the incidence of new-onset gastroesophageal reflux disease after ESG was negligible, indicating that ESG has a superior safety profile to LSG. Moreover, ESG reduced the risk of obesity-related metabolic comorbidities, evidenced by the reduction in HbA1c level, systolic blood pressure, triglyceride level, and risk of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis; it even improved the quality of life. ESG could be considered safe and qualify as an alternative treatment to LSG.NUT carcinoma is a rare, high lethal cancer which feature as the rearrangement of the nuclear protein in testis (NUT) gene on chromosome 15q14, and its pathogenesis and treatment is not yet clear, the prognosis is poor. Due to NUT carcinoma often occurred on the middle position of the body, such as eyes, nose and palate, mediastinum, so it is also called NUT midline carcinoma (NMC). In this case, we report a 70 years old man who was diagnosed as primary pulmonary NUT carcinoma in the Department of Thoracic Oncology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University. A tumor was found at the left hilus pulmonis when his physical examination without any symptom. Postoperative pathological showed poorly differentiated carcinoma, confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization technique for the NUT carcinoma. After operation, chemotherapy, antiangiogenesis therapy, and radiotherapy were given, and he got a long lifetime. Combined with the literature review, we report the clinical and pathological features, and treatment strategies of the rare pulmonary NUT carcinoma case.
.Lung cancer is one of the cancers with the highest incidence in the world, and there is no standard treatment plan after second-line progression. Tumor angiogenesis has now been identified as an important therapeutic target for malignant tumors. Small molecule multi-target vascular kinase inhibitors can inhibit tumor angiogenesis by inhibiting angiogenesis-related signal pathways. At present, a lot of clinical trials of small molecule anti-angiogenic drugs for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have been carried out, and some vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (VEGFR-TKIs) have been approved for the treatment of advanced NSCLC. Based on the development status of multiple small molecule anti-angiogenic drugs at home and abroad for the treatment of NSCLC, this article summarizes the efficacy and safety studies of multiple VEGFR-TKIs and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)-TKI single agents or combination treatments [including combined with chemotherapy, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-TKIs, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy, etc.] for NSCLC, and at the same time discussed the possible existence of VEGFR-TKIs drug resistance mechanisms and efficacy predictors, etc., and prospect the future development trend and potential problems of anti-vascular treatment of NSCLC, and provide new ideas for the follow-up precision and individualized treatment of lung cancer.
.Programmed cell death receptor 1 (PD-1) is a membrance-spanning protein mostly expressed in the T cell, and combines with programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in the targeting cell. When binding to the ligand on tumor cells, PD-1 as an immunosuppressive molecule, can inhibit the immune function of T cells, thus tumor immune escape. For example, depletion of peripheral effector T cell and accelerate the transformation of effector T cells into regulator T cells. To solve this problem, PD-1 antibody is used to bind to PD-1 on T cells to inhibit the interaction between PD-1 on the T cells and PD-L1 on the tumor cells so that it can restore the function of T cells to kill tumor cell. PD-1 antibodies, such as Nivolumab and Pembrolizumb, are approved as a first-line treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cell cancer. However, due to the interaction of tumor cells, T cells and cytokines, some patients developed drug resistance which reduces the efficacy of immunotherapy. Hence, how to overcome resistance has become a urgent problem.