1% of the cohort needing to return for treatment. Patients found to have chlamydia returned promptly once informed of positive results.Background Although bedrail use may increase the risk of accidents among patients, bedrails are still extensively used in healthcare facilities. Therefore, the field calls for a review of bedrail use in practice. Objective This report examined the prevalence and implications of bedrail use in rehabilitation facilities in Hong Kong. The findings are compared with the current state of bedrail use worldwide. Design and methods This work is a cross-sectional, observational study. A secondary analysis was conducted on the database of a prospective trial. Bilateral bedrail use was observed in two Hong Kong rehabilitation hospitals. Logistic regression was performed to examine the factors associated with bedrail use. Results A total of 3,384 restraint observations were made. The bedrail rate was 31.34%, which revealed that bedrail use was the second most commonly used physical restraint. The fall history (OR 2.84), cognitive impairment (OR 0.91) and functional dependency (OR 0.79) of patients were significant predictors of bedrail use, p  less then  .05. Conclusion This study examines bedrail prevalence through direct observation, which is the preferred method for examining bedrail use in practice. We found that actual bedrail use is higher than the numbers reported in previous studies in Hong Kong. In addition, our research reveals that bedrails are commonly used for vulnerable patients. This finding highlights the need to change nurses’ beliefs on bedrail use through education. The management of these health facilities should also aim to create an institutional environment that promotes the reduction of bedrail use. Implementation strategies on restraint reduction should also fit the culture of the organisation and local nursing practices, as well as the staff’s values. Impact Statement This study provides preliminary information about the widespread use of bedrails in Hong Kong and other countries. The research also introduces effective ways to achieve the reduction of bedrail use.Backgrounds Zika virus infection may cause severe complications in women of childbearing age. Female nursing college students, in the role of future nurses and women of childbearing age, can be effective educators and health supporters by stimulating preventive behaviors. Objectives The purpose of this study was to identify the level of knowledge, attitudes, and preventive behaviors for Zika virus infection and determine the factors that influence this behavior in female nursing students. Methods This cross-sectional study sample consisted of 335 nursing studentsfrom three nursing colleges in Korea. Results Preventive behaviors for Zika virus infection were significantly affected by information seeking (β = 0.252, p  less then  .01), perceived severity (β = 0.167, p  less then  .05), intention to receive Zika virus vaccination (β = 0.135, p  less then  .05), intent to travel to countries endemic for Zika virus (β = -0.122, p  less then  .05), and intention to travel overseas (β = 0.122, p  less then  .05). These five variables explained 20.6% of the variance in preventive behaviors for Zika virus infection. Conclusions The provision of accurate and reliable information on Zika virus infection is essential, and education and publicity are needed to raise awareness about the disease severity. Moreover, preventive behaviors should focus on vaccination and precautions while traveling overseas. Impact Statement The findings of this study highlight the importance of enhancing nursing students’ preventive behaviors to prevent Zika virus infection.Introduction Pediatric foreign body ingestion remains a common reason for emergency department (ED) visits. Button battery ingestion is an established surgical emergency, requiring immediate removal. Timing of removal for other foreign bodies remains controversial. We hypothesize that there is no difference in complication rate or successful removal of esophageal foreign bodies that wait until the following morning for removal. Materials and Methods A retrospective review for cases involving esophageal foreign body removal by pediatric surgery or pediatric gastroenterology from November 2015 to November 2019 was performed. Patients were divided into two groups based on ED arrival-daytime (0500-1659); nighttime (1700-0459). Imaging confirmed an esophageal foreign body. Data collected included basic demographics, time of presentation, time of procedure, symptoms, location of the foreign body, and complications within 30 days. Statistical analysis was performed. Results After excluding button batteries, 273 children underwent esophageal foreign body removal. Two-thirds presented at night. A significant difference was identified in the median time from ED to the operating room when comparing daytime (194.8 minutes; interquartile range [IQR] 108.5-347) versus nighttime groups (643 minutes; IQR 471.5-745; P  less then  .001). Nine children had a complication or readmission within 30 days of their procedure and 25 patients had migration of their foreign body into the stomach, both with no significant difference (P = .94; P = .98, respectively). Conclusion We found that waiting until the following morning had minimal impact on complications or success rate when removing esophageal foreign bodies. By waiting, institutions with limited personnel can keep resources and staff available for more pressing emergencies.Background Transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (vNOTES) was introduced in 2012, but the technique is not yet widely used for ovarian cystectomy. We aim to introduce a new gasless ovarian hemostatic suturing technique for ovarian cystectomy using vNOTES. Methods We conducted a prospective study using a novel technique for vNOTES ovarian cystectomy. Our vNOTES port (a wound retractor and a disposable glove) was inserted transvaginally through a posterior colpotomy. After ovarian cystectomy, removal of the glove created a gasless state. Hemostatic suturing of the ovary was performed through a vaginal speculum inserted through the wound retractor, under direct observation. Results Twenty ovarian cystectomies were performed through vNOTES at our institution between June 2019 and February 2020. The mean patient age was 34.2 years (range, 24-51 years). Four patients (20%) underwent bilateral cystectomy and 16 patients (80%) underwent unilateral cystectomy. The mean operative time was 58.7 minutes (bilateral, 57.5 minutes; unilateral, 58.9 minutes), and the mean ovarian hemostatic suturing time was 4.3 minutes (bilateral, 5 minutes; unilateral, 4.1 minutes). Ten patients (50%) received additional medication for pain control within 30 minutes of surgery. All patients were discharged within 24 hours, and 11 were discharged within 12 hours. Conclusion The gasless hemostatic suturing technique for vNOTES, using a speculum to observe the suturing process, is easy to perform and allows for rapid ovarian hemostasis.In 1983, Central Florida farmworkers united to create the Farmworker Association of Florida after freezes to orange groves left them out of work. The group now has five offices in the state and more than 10,000 members. Jeannie Economos is the Coordinator of the Pesticide Safety and Environmental Health Project at the Farmworker Association of Florida. In an interview, she discusses the impact of racism, immigration, climate change and COVID-19 on the farmworker community.BECN2 (beclin 2) is a newly identified mammalian-specific macroautophagy/autophagy family member, and plays a critical role in the control of obesity and insulin sensitivity. However, its role in innate immune signaling and inflammation remains elusive. In our recent study, we show that BECN2 functions as a negative regulator in innate immune signaling and tumor development through non-canonical autophagy. Loss of Becn2 causes splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, elevated proinflammatory cytokine production and spontaneous lymphoma development in mice. Mechanistically, BECN2 mediates the degradation of MAP3K7/TAK1 and MAP3K3/MEKK3 through an ATG9A- and ULK1-dependent but ATG16L1-BECN1-MAP1LC3B/LC3B-independent autophagy pathway to control systemic inflammation. BECN2 interacts with MAP3K7 and MAP3K3 through the engagement of ATG9A+ vesicles upon ULK1 activation, and promotes the fusion of MAP3K3- or MAP3K7-associated ATG9A+ vesicles with phagophores for subsequent degradation. Our findings have identified a previously unrecognized role of BECN2 in innate immune signaling and tumor development through non-canonical autophagy, thus providing a potential target for inflammatory disease and cancer therapy.Adopting eye-tracking measures, we explored the influence of art experience on the aesthetic evaluation of computer icons. Participants were 27 college students with art training and 27 laypersons. Both groups rated icons of varying complexity and symmetry for „beauty” while we recorded participants’ eye movements. Results showed that art-trained participants viewed the icons with more eye fixations and had shorter scanning paths than participants in the non-art group, suggesting that art-trained participants processed the icons more deliberately. In addition, we observed an interaction effect between art experience and symmetry. For asymmetrical icons, art-trained participants’ ratings tended to be higher than those of lay persons; for symmetric icons, there was no such rater difference. The different visual patterns associated with aesthetic evaluations by these two participant groups suggest that art experience plays a pivotal role in the aesthetic appreciation of icons and has important implications for icon design strategy.Background To identify predictive factors for reoperation because of anastomotic leakage (AL) after colectomy. Methods Between 2007 and 2016, all patients who developed AL following right or left colectomy in an expert center were included. Patients who were treated surgically (all including fecal diversion) were compared with those who were managed conservatively. Results Overall, 81 (6.5%) patients developed AL, of which 32 (39%) were managed nonoperatively and 49 (61%) required reoperation. On average, AL was diagnosed on postoperative day 4 (3-8) and mortality reached 4.9% (n = 4). Reoperation included anastomosis resection in 31 (67%) patients of which 26 (100%) had right colectomy and 5 (25%) left colectomy. Reoperation for AL was associated with increased intensive care management (P = .026) and deep abdominal collection (P = .002). T stage >2 and right-sided colectomy were the only independent risk factors associated with the need for reoperation for AL. Stoma reversal was performed in 42 (98%) patients after a median of 4 months. Conclusions AL after colectomy is more likely to require reoperation with fecal diversion after right-sided colectomy and T > 2 colorectal cancer.The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is known to modulate not only food intake but also pain, especially via the cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1R) expressed throughout the central nervous system and the peripheral tissues. Our previous study demonstrated that fasting produces an analgesic effect in adult male mice, which is reversed by intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of CB1R antagonist (SR 141716). In the present study, we further examined the effect of CB1R expressed in the peripheral tissues. In the formalin-induced inflammatory pain model, i.p. administration of peripherally restricted CB1R antagonist (AM 6545) reversed fasting-induced analgesia. However, intraplantar administration of SR 141716 did not affect fasting-induced analgesia. Furthermore, mRNA expression of CB1R did not change in the formalin model by fasting in the dorsal root ganglia. The formalin-induced c-Fos expression at the spinal cord level was not affected by fasting, and in vivo recording from the superficial dorsal horn of the lumbar spinal cord revealed that fasting did not affect formalin-induced neural activity, which indicates minimal involvement of the spinal cord in fasting-induced analgesia.