Other experiments confirmed that miR-125a-5p could significantly downregulate its expression by binding to ERBB3 to inhibit proliferation and ERBB3 could at least partially mediate the inhibition of miR-125a-5p on the proliferation of head and neck cancer cells.

The findings of this study suggested that the miR-125a-5p/ERBB3 axis might play a role in the proliferation, regulation of cell cycle, migration and apoptosis of head and neck cancer cells, potentially offering a new target for treatments of head and neck cancers.

The findings of this study suggested that the miR-125a-5p/ERBB3 axis might play a role in the proliferation, regulation of cell cycle, migration and apoptosis of head and neck cancer cells, potentially offering a new target for treatments of head and neck cancers.

To investigate the sineoculis homeobox homolog 1 (SIX1) affect the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) through regulating TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling pathway.

The SIX1 expression in cytological specimens, tissues or PTC cell lines was detected by qRT-PCR, western blotting or immunohistochemistry. A series of vitro experiments including flow cytometry, CCK-8, wound-healing and Transwell were used to evaluate the biological characteristics in a PTC cell line (NPA cells), which were divided into Blank, Negative control (NC), SIX1, SIX1-siRNA, LY-364947 (TGF-β/Smad2/3 pathway inhibitor) and SIX1+LY-364947 groups. TGF-β/Smad2/3 pathway and EMT related protein expression were measured by qRT-PCR and western blotting.

SIX1 mRNA expression was increased in cytological specimens from PTC patients as compared with the non-toxic nodular goitre (NTG) patients. Moreover, compared with adjacent normal tissues, expressions of SIX1, N-cadherin and Vimentin were higher while E-cadherin was lower in PTC tissues; and SIX1 was positively correlated with N-cadherin and Vimentin but was negatively correlated with E-cadherin. Furthermore, the SIX1 expression was associated with histopathology, extrathyroidal extension (ETE), lymph node metastasis (LNM), pT stage, TNM stage, and distant metastasis. In addition, the expressions of TGFβ1, p-SMAD2/3, N-cadherin and Vimentin were downregulated in NPA cells after LY-364947 treatment with upregulated E-cadherin, decreased cell proliferation and metastasis, and enhanced cell apoptosis, which was reversed by SIX1 overexpression.

Silencing SIX1 can inhibit TGF-β/Smad2/3 pathway, thereby suppressing EMT in PTC, which may be a novel avenue for the treatment of PTC.

Silencing SIX1 can inhibit TGF-β/Smad2/3 pathway, thereby suppressing EMT in PTC, which may be a novel avenue for the treatment of PTC.Radon mass balances in lakes can be used to trace transport processes along the sediment-water interface, such as groundwater discharge or pore water exchange. Understanding these transport processes is important, as they can affect the lake water budget, or biogeochemical cycles in lakes due to nutrient inputs. We present here a seasonal 222Rn mass balance of Lake Burullus (Northern Egypt), the second largest lake of Egypt. The Lake receives 222Rn from drainage water and the decay of 226Ra, and loses 222Rn via decay of 222Rn, atmospheric evasion and water discharge into the Mediterranean Sea. However, the mass balance reveals a significant surplus of 222Rn, which cannot be explained by the previously mentioned processes. The 222Rn surplus is especially high during the dry season, and might be explained by groundwater discharge and pore water exchange which transports 222Rn into the lake. Higher 222Rn fluxes into the lake during dry season might be explained by higher bioirrigation rates due to warmer temperatures, or higher groundwater discharge rates due to a higher hydraulic head on land caused by excessive irrigation in adjacent fields. Groundwater discharge and pore water exchange should be investigated in further detail in order to understand if they have effects on water budgets and biogeochemical cycles of Lake Burullus.Vaccine hesitancy has been recognized by the World Health Organization as one of ten threats to public health globally in 2019. Pregnant women constitute an extremely important group for the study of knowledge and attitudes towards pediatric vaccinations. This is a cross-sectional survey conducted in two maternity hospitals in Athens. A standardized questionnaire was used. A total of 814 pregnant women with a mean age of 33.1 years and a mean gestational age of 24.4 weeks were studied. Overall, 717 (89%) of 804 pregnant women reported that they intend to vaccinate their baby in accordance with the National Vaccination Program, 7 (1%) that they do not, while 80 (10%) reported that they have not decided yet. The women provided a mean of 11.4 correct replies out of 14 questions about vaccine-preventable diseases and vaccines (mean knowledge score 81.5%). A pediatrician has been recognized as the source for information about vaccines in most cases (611/809, 75.5%), while in 215 (26.6%) the internet was also used. Overall, pregnant women trusted physicians about information for vaccines („very much trusted” in 55.9% and „quite trusted” in 40% of cases). Lastly, 642 (81%) women agreed with the statement „vaccinations should be mandatory for school entry” while 70 (9%) women agreed with the statement „parents should have the right to refuse their children vaccinations”. A multivariate analysis found that a gestational age of ≤20 weeks (OR = 2.33, CIs 1.27-4.28, p-value = 0.006), having another child (OR = 4.44, CIs 2.30-8.58, p-value less then 0.001), a history of influenza vaccination (OR = 2.54, CIs = 1.37-4.71, p-value = 0.003), and a higher knowledge score about vaccine-preventable diseases and vaccines (OR = 1.33, CIs 1.23-1.45, p-value less then 0.001) were significantly associated with an increased probability to get their child vaccinated in accordance with the National Vaccination Program.

In response to the detection of porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV-1) in the human rotavirus vaccine (HRV), a PCV-free HRV (no detection of PCV-1 and PCV-2 according to the detection limit of tests used) was developed. Liquid (Liq) PCV-free HRV previously showed immunogenicity and safety profiles comparable to lyophilized (Lyo) HRV.

This was a phase 3a, randomized, single-blind study (NCT03207750) conducted in the United States. Healthy infants aged 6-12weeks received 2 doses (0, 2months) of either Liq PCV-free HRV or Lyo HRV with routine vaccines (0, 2, 4months) diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis, hepatitis B and inactivated poliovirus combination vaccine (DTaP-HBV-IPV), monovalent tetanus toxoid-conjugated vaccine against Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib-TT), and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Co-primary objectives were (i) to assess non-inferiority of immune responses to routine vaccine antigens 1month post-dose 3 following co-administration with Liq PCV-free HRV compared to Lyo HRV; (ii) administration with Lyo HRV.

Routine pediatric vaccines co-administered with Liq PCV-free HRV showed non-inferior immune responses and similar safety profiles to those following co-administration with Lyo HRV.

Information on the costs of routine immunization programs is needed for budgeting, planning, and domestic resource mobilization. This information is particularly important for countries such as Tanzania that are preparing to transition out of support from Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance. This study aimed to estimate the total and unit costs for of child immunization in Tanzania from July 2016 to June 2017 and make this evidence available to key stakeholders.

We used an ingredients-based approach to collect routine immunization cost data from the facility, district, regional, and national levels. We collected data on the cost of vaccines as well as non-vaccine delivery costs. We estimated total and unit costs from a provider perspective for each level and overall, and examined how costs varied by delivery strategy, geographic area, and facility-level service delivery volume. An evidence-to-policy plan identified key opportunities and stakeholders to target to facilitate the use of results.

The total annual ecr five years. These estimates can inform the program’s budgeting and planning as Tanzania prepares to transition out of Gavi support. Next steps for evidence-to-policy translation have been identified, including technical support requirements for policy advocacy and planning.The Brighton Collaboration Viral Vector Vaccines Safety Working Group (V3SWG) was formed to evaluate the safety and characteristics of live, recombinant viral vector vaccines. The Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vector system is being explored as a platform for development of multiple vaccines. This paper reviews the molecular and biological features specifically of the MVA-BN vector system, followed by a template with details on the safety and characteristics of an MVA-BN based vaccine against Zaire ebolavirus and other filovirus strains. The MVA-BN-Filo vaccine is based on a live, highly attenuated poxviral vector incapable of replicating in human cells and encodes glycoproteins of Ebola virus Zaire, Sudan virus and Marburg virus and the nucleoprotein of the Thai Forest virus. This vaccine has been approved in the European Union in July 2020 as part of a heterologous Ebola vaccination regimen. The MVA-BN vector is attenuated following over 500 serial passages in eggs, showing restricted host tropism and incong including Phase III in West Africa and is currently in use in large scale vaccination studies in Central African countries. This paper provides a comprehensive picture of the MVA-BN vector, which has reached regulatory approvals, both as MVA-BN backbone for smallpox/monkeypox, as well as for the MVA-BN-Filo construct as part of an Ebola vaccination regimen, and therefore aims to provide solutions to prevent disease from high-consequence human pathogens.

Despite the remarkable achievements of the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) in Burkina Faso, numerous challenges remain, including missed opportunities for vaccination (MOV) which occur when people visit a health facility with at least one vaccine due according to the national immunization schedule, are free of contraindications, and leave without receiving all due vaccine doses. In 2016, we used the revised World Health Organization’s (WHO) MOV strategy to assess the extent of and reasons for MOV in Burkina Faso.

We purposively selected 27 primary health facilities (PHFs) from the eight health districts with the highest absolute numbers of children who missed the first dose of measles-rubella (MR1) in 2015. We conducted exit interviews with caregivers of children aged 0-23months, and requested health workers to complete a self-administered knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) questionnaire.

A total of 489 caregivers were interviewed, of which 411 were eligible for inclusion in our analysis. potential for substantial increases in vaccine coverage and equity, and ultimately reducing the burden of vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs). This will require the implementation of a series of interventions aimed at improving community knowledge and practices, raising health workers’ awareness, and fostering the integration of immunization with other health services.

Stroma, mainly composed by fibroblasts, extracellular matrix (ECM) and vessels, may play a role in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is an independent risk factor for LC. We hypothesized that markers of fibroblasts, ECM and endothelial cells may differ in tumors of LC patients with/without COPD.

Markers of cultured cancer-associated fibroblasts and normal fibroblasts [CAFs and NFs, respectively, vimentin and alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA) markers, immunofluorescence in cultured lung fibroblasts], ECM, and endothelial cells (type I collagen and CD31 markers, respectively, immunohistochemistry) were identified in lung tumor and non-tumor specimens (thoracotomy for lung tumor resection) from 15 LC-COPD patients and 15 LC-only patients.

Numbers of CAFs significantly increased, while those of NFs significantly decreased in tumor samples compared to non-tumor specimens of both LC and LC-COPD patients. Endothelial cells (CD31) significantly decreased in tumor ss, especially in those without underlying airway obstruction. Identification of CD31 role as a prognostic and therapeutic biomarker in lung tumors of patients with underlying respiratory diseases warrants attention.

Anastomotic leakage is one of the most severe complications in patients undergoing esophagectomy with gastric tube reconstruction. Transection of the left gastric and gastro-epiploic artery and vein results in compromised perfusion which is seen as the major contributing factor for anastomotic dehiscence. The main objective of this prospective, observational, in-vivo pilot study is to microscopically evaluate gastric tube perfusion with Sidestream Darkfield Microscopy (SDF).

Intra-operative microscopic images of gastric-microcirculation were obtained with SDF directly after reconstruction in 22 patients. Quantitative perfusion related parameters were velocity, Microvascular Flow Index(MFI), Total Vessel Density(TVD), Perfusion Vessel Density(PVD), Proportion of Perfused Vessels(PPV) and De Backer Score(DBS). Dedicated software was used to assess parameters predictive for compromised perfusion.

SDF was feasible to accurately visualize and evaluate microcirculation in all patients. Velocity(μm/sec) was sienous congestion is visible in the fundus, suggesting an important role in the development of ischaemia. These parameters could allow early risk stratification, and, potentially, can accomplish a reduction in anastomotic leakage.

Core needle biopsy is an effective method of obtaining tissue diagnosis. However, a diagnostic dilemma arises when lesional tissue is non-diagnostic which obviates considering radiological guided re-biopsy (RB) or an open surgical biopsy but the question raised is which serves as a better diagnostic tool.

We retrospectively reviewed data from a prospectively collected database of 4516 core needle biopsies performed in our specialist musculoskeletal tumour centre over a 6-year period. Our aim was to evaluate the management of non-diagnostic biopsies (NDB) and establish a safe and accurate diagnostic strategy in the presence of a NDB.

Two hundred fifteen (4.8%) NDB cases with complete follow-up were identified. Of these 157 (73%) were treated definitively on the basis of imaging and 58 (27%) had a RB, 48 (83%) of which led to a positive histological diagnosis. The remaining 10 were again non-diagnostic giving a total of 167 patients being treated definitively without a tissue diagnosis. The sensitivity and specificity for multidisciplinary team (MDT) assessment as a diagnostic tool was 0.75 and 0.88 respectively while that for RB was 0.91 and 0.9.

Re-biopsy after first non-diagnostic core needle biopsy offers high sensitivity and specificity, especially in the presence of malignancy. In the absence of tissue diagnosis, however, MDT assessment is also highly accurate and a safe strategy in managing this complex group of patients.

Diagnostic Level III.

Diagnostic Level III.There are some conclusive evidences on infective endocarditis and its poor prognosis in the background of end-stage renal disease in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis; however the findings on the risk of infective endocarditis and its long-term prognosis are very diverse, requiring a systematic approach to achieve a global statistic. Our study tried to systematically assess the risk profile as well as short- and long-term prognosis of infective endocarditis among hemodialysis patients. To select our pointed studies, a deeply searching was planned among major articles databases including MEDLINE, Web of Science, SCOPUS, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials considering the study keywords. Two high-qualified investigators independently assessed the collected papers. The risk of bias for the studies was also assessed according to the Cochrane’s guideline and using the QUADAS-2 tool. In final, 18 articles were eligible for the final analysis. The overall prevalence of infective endocarditis among patients under chronic hemodialysis was estimated to be 2.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.7%-3.1%). Our assessment revealed an overall in-hospital death rate of 29.5% (95% CI 26.7%-46.6%) and long-term death rate of 45.6% (95% CI 41.9%-49.3%) in hemodialysis patients suffering infective endocarditis. Poor prognosis with high early and long-term death rates due to infective endocarditis has expected in the background of chronic hemodialysis emphasizing the necessity for its early management by identifying patients which prone to disease along with continuous cardiac monitoring.Despite their unassuming size, lacrimal glands can have a variety of pathologies affecting them which often poses a diagnostic challenge clinically in view of their nonspecific presentation as palpable lump in the superolateral aspect of the orbit. There are a myriad of pathological entities ranging from inflammatory to neoplastic lesions that can affect the lacrimal glands. Cross-sectional imaging is must for the detection, characterization, and mapping of these lesions. In this pictorial review, we propose a radiological pattern-based approach for various lacrimal gland lesions that provides a working algorithm for radiologists in the evaluation of lacrimal gland pathologies.This study investigates on the presence of toxic proteins in quinoa seeds. To this aim, a plethora of biochemical approaches were adopted for the purification and characterization of quinoin, a type 1 ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) contained in quinoa seeds. We determined its melting temperature (68.2 ± 0.6 °C) and thermostability (loss of activity after 10-min incubation at 70 °C). Considering that quinoa seeds are used as a food, we found that quinoin is cytotoxic against BJ-5ta (human fibroblasts) and HaCaT (human keratinocytes) in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, in an in vitro digestive pepsin-trypsin treatment, 30% of quinoin is resistant to enzymatic cleavage. This toxin was found in seeds (0.23 mg/g of seeds) and in sprouted seeds obtained after 24-h (0.12 mg/g of sprout) and 48-h (0.09 mg/g of sprout). We suggest a thermal treatment of quinoa seeds before consumption in order to inactivate the toxin, particularly in sprouts, generally consumed raw.Roasting is known to affect the protein profile and allergenicity of hazelnuts (Corylus avellana cv TGL). The aim of the study was to investigate whether roasting techniques based on different heat transfer methods (hot air and infrared), differently affect the protein solubility and the IgE-binding capacities of both the soluble and insoluble hazelnut protein fractions. The immune-reactivity of the Cor a 9, Cor a 11 and Cor a 14 allergens resulted to be stable after roasting at 140 °C, for both types of treatment, while roasting at 170 °C caused a reduction in IgE-binding, which was particularly noticeable after infrared processing, that led to an almost complete disappearance of allergenicity. Microscopical analyses showed that roasting caused cytoplasmic network disruption, with a loss of lipid compartmentalization, as well as an alteration of the structure of the protein bodies and of the cell wall organization.Malnutrition is a serious problem in the elderly while understanding flavour perception could be a tool for controlling appetite or food choices. To increase our knowledge, we characterised the health and oral physiology (oral volume, swallowing tongue force, number of teeth and salivary flow rate, protein content and antioxidant capacity) of a cohort of 54 community-dwelling French elderly as well as their individual retronasal release of five aroma compounds (2-pentanone, 2-nonanone, 2,3-hexanedione, octanal and linalool) by proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS). In general, large variability across participants was observed in both oral physiological (>40%) and retronasal aroma release (>56%) parameters. Multivariate analyses revealed a relationship between physiological parameters (mostly salivary antioxidant capacity) and retronasal aroma release that explained up to 46% of the variability observed. This study provides new insights to understand retronasal aroma release in the elderly that could contribute to the development of personalised nutrition strategies.In this work, the composition of different types of chocolate was studied by using microscopy (optical and confocal fluorescence) and vibrational spectroscopy (Raman) aimed at obtaining more chemical information about this important food. By combining these techniques, it is possible to distinguish different components of chocolate. It was not possible to obtain Raman spectra of dark chocolate due to the presence of fluorescent flavonoids in cocoa particles. However, silver nanoparticles quench this fluorescent signal, and thus it is possible to obtain a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy spectrum of dark chocolate. The effect of ultrasound on the crystallization process of cocoa butter was also studied. These samples were also analysed by X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. Furthermore, the combination of all these techniques was very useful in the specific analysis of different components of chocolate and could have a high impact in the chocolate industry.While the development of oat products often requires altered molecular weight (MW) of β-glucan, the resulting health implications are currently unclear. This 3-leg crossover trial (n = 14) investigated the effects of the consumption of oat bran with High, Medium and Low MW β-glucan (average > 1000, 524 and 82 kDa respectively) with 3 consequent meals on oat-derived phenolic compounds in urine (UHPLC-MS/MS), bile acids in feces (UHPLC-QTOF), gastrointestinal conditions (ingestible capsule), and perceived gut well-being. Urine excretion of ferulic acid was higher (p less then 0.001, p less then 0.001), and the fecal excretion of deoxycholic (p less then 0.03, p less then 0.02) and chenodeoxycholic (p less then 0.06, p less then 0.02) acids lower after consumption of Low MW β-glucan compared with both Medium and High MW β-glucan. Duodenal pressure was higher after consumption of High MW β-glucan compared to Medium (p less then 0.041) and Low (p less then 0.022) MW β-glucan. The MW of β-glucan did not affect gut well-being, but the perceptions between females and males differed.This work investigated the relationship between structure, rheological properties and 3D printability of starch. For this purpose, the structural evolution of various starch gels at different concentrations and printing temperatures was systematically studied. The mechanical strength (G’, τy) and extrudability (τf) of CS and RS gels were used to determine its 3D printability. Furthermore, G’, τy and τf were closely related to the structure of starch and starch gel network. Ascribing to compact and stable gel network, CS samples with 20% concentration at 70-75 °C printing temperature and RS samples with 15-20% concentration at 75-80 °C printing temperature displayed preferable printing values (G’, τy and τf), indicating the suitability for HE-3DP. RS samples exhibited higher mechanical strength than CS samples and were more suitable to print owing to the formation of new crystal structure. Overall, this work provided important information for HE-3DP based foods with good printability.This study investigated the effect of seaweed supplementation (Ulva lactuca (UL) or Sargassum hemiphyllum var. chinense (SHC)) on the distribution and metabolites of As in broiler breasts. Broilers fed 5% UL or 5% SHC ingested 1.4- or 78- fold greater total As than birds fed the control diet. The majority of As species were arsenate in the SHC feed and dimethylarsinic acid in breasts from chicks fed the SHC-containing diet. Arsenate and arsenobetaine were the dominant metabolites in the UL-containing feed, and arsenobetaine was the major metabolite in breasts from chicks fed the UL-containing diet. Feeding SHC enhanced hepatic S-adenosyl-methionine and arsenic methyltransferase, whereas feeding UL elevated renal arsenic methyltransferase. Taken together, considerable variation in the profiles of As species and As metabolites existed in broilers fed seaweed. The use of SHC-containing feeds in poultry production should be approached cautiously because of the potential accumulation of inorganic As species in chicken breasts.Anthocyanins are pigments present in blood oranges which can be enriched by post-harvest cold storage. Additionally, citrus fruits contain appreciable levels of other flavonoids, whose content increases under post-harvest heat treatments. Here, we investigated the effects of curing (37 °C for 3 days) and storage at low-temperature (9 °C) during 15, 30 and 45 days on accumulation of anthocyanins and other flavonoids in Moro and Sanguinelli Polidori blood oranges (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck). Cured fruits reached up to 191.4 ± 1.4 mg/L of anthocyanins in their juice after cold storage and a 3-fold enrichment of other flavonoids such as flavones and flavanones, compared to 85.7 ± 3.3 mg/L anthocyanins from fruits with cold storage alone. Concomitantly, qPCR analysis showed that curing enhanced upregulation of the main structural and transcription factor genes regulating the flavonoid pathway. GC-MS analysis showed that no unpleasant compounds were generated in the cured plus cold-stored juice volatilome.Polypyrrole magnetic microspheres were synthesized and used to extract carbaryl, carbofuran, and methomyl before analysis by a high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection. Under optimal conditions, four times the preconcentration was achieved with the use of only 1.2 mL of sample. Good linearity with ranges of 3.0-7.5 × 103, 6.0-4.5 × 103, and 15-3.0 × 103 ng kg-1 and limits of detection of 1.37 ± 0.10, 4.7 ± 1.2, and 10.1 ± 5.7 ng kg-1 were obtained, respectively. Good reproducibility (RSDs less then 5%) was achieved over 24 cycles of extraction and regeneration. Good accuracy (recoveries 81.6 ± 1.5%-108.3 ± 2.2%) and good precision (RSDs 0.11%-4.5%) were obtained. Carbaryl was detected in apple (2.75 ± 0.23 ng kg-1), carbofuran in tomato (11.34 ± 0.61 ng kg-1), and methomyl in watermelon (34.7 ± 1.7 ng kg-1). The relative expanded uncertainty of the measurement method was less than 14% for all three pesticides.Cactus berry (Myrtillocactus geometrizans) is a scarcely studied Mexican wild fruit. These fruits could contribute to reduce the risk of degenerative chronic diseases due to their bioactive profile. The aim of this work was to study the betalains and phenolic profile in cactus berry, their in vitro biological activities and gastrointestinal digestive stability and bioaccessibility. 43 metabolites were identified by HPLC-DAD-ESI-QTOF (8 betaxanthins, 8 betacyanins, 13 flavonoids, 6 phenolic acids). Phyllocactin and Isorhamnetin rhamnosyl-rutinoside (IG2) were the most abundant metabolites (5876 and 396 µg/g dw) which were also bioaccessible (16 and 21%, respectively). Pulps showed higher (p ≤ 0.05) antioxidant activity by the Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (27 mM Trolox equivalents). The anti-hyperglycemic activity was highest (p ≤ 0.05) in peel and pulp tissues (85% α-glucosidase and 8% α-amylase inhibition). An 83% inhibition of hyaluronidase showed high anti-inflammatory activity. Cactus berry fruit should be considered a promising fruit candidate for a sustainable healthy diet.Headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) was used to analyze the volatile compounds of minced pork meat during storage. The origin of aromatic hydrocarbons in pork was verified by migration test. Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were applied to characterize the profile of volatile compounds in pork meat and identify the potential volatile markers associated with the spoilage of pork. A total of 41 compounds were identified. Migration test showed that the aromatic hydrocarbons in raw pork are from packaging. Three compounds ethanol, 2,3-butanediol and 2-ethyl-1-hexanol were selected based on the loading plot and their variables importance in the projection (VIP) values, since they contribute mainly to the discrimination of pork with different storage times. These compounds can be used as additional indicators for quality control of pork.Shrimp trawling is an important socio-economic activity; however, the bycatch can be problematic to the environment. Thus, the present study investigated potential uses of the bycatch to generate value-added products. The biological activity of the protein hydrolysates obtained from the two most abundant fish species (Micropogonias furnieri and Paralonchurus brasiliensis) was evaluated. Muscle and skin samples of both species were hydrolyzed using two enzymes, Alcalase 2.4 L® or Protamex®. The in vitro antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals, DPPH, and sulfhydryl groups were analyzed. Cell viability, Western Blotting, Zymogram, and Real-time PCR analyses were performed. The results showed that the hydrolysates have antioxidant activity and no effect on cell viability at doses lower than 16 mg/mL. In addition, they can modulate extracellular remodelling and intracellular pathways related to cell adhesion. Thus, the hydrolysis of the fish bycatch allows the release of bioactive peptides with potential use in the food industry.A survey of highly toxic arsenic compounds, together with some other elements was carried out on 40 polished rice samples (white, basmati and parboiled) and 10 brown rice samples from the Slovenian market. The average total As concentration was 157 ± 60 μg kg-1; highest levels were found in parboiled and brown rice and lowest in basmati. The average inorganic As concentration was 90 ± 35 μg kg-1. Dimethylarsinic acid and monomethylarsonic acid, which also exhibit high toxicity levels in some cases constitute >50% of total arsenic and might deserve more attention. Contrary to other foods, the total arsenic concentration in rice may even be a better health hazard indicator than the inorganic arsenic concentration. Elemental analysis of rice revealed large differences between polished and brown rice, especially for Mg, Mn, P, Fe and K, which were 2-4 times higher in brown rice than in polished rice.

Clinical trial data have indicated an association between wholegrain consumption and a reduction in surrogate markers of cardiovascular disease. Phenolics present in wholegrain bound to arabinoxylan fibre may contribute these effects, particularly when released enzymatically from the fiber prior to ingestion. The aim of the present study was therefore to determine whether the intake of high fibre bread containing higher free ferulic acid (FA) levels (enzymatically released during processing) enhances human endothelium-dependent vascular function.

A randomized, single masked, controlled, crossover, human intervention study was conducted on 19 healthy men. Individuals consumed either a high fibre flatbread with enzymatically released free FA (14.22mg), an equivalent standard high fibre bread (2.34mg), or a white bread control (0.48mg) and markers of vascular function and plasma phenolic acid concentrations were measured at baseline, 2, 5 and 7h post consumption.

Significantly increased brachial arterial dilation was observed following consumption of the high free FA (’enzyme-treated’) high fibre bread verses both a white bread (2h p<0.05; 5h p<0.01) and a standard high fibre bread (5h p<0.05). Concurrently, significant increases in plasma FA levels were observed, at 2h (p<0.01) after consumption of the enzyme-treated bread, relative to control treatments. Blood pressure, heart rate, DVP-SI and DVP-RI were not significantly altered following intake of any of the breads (p>0.05).

Dietary intake of bread, processed enzymatically to release FA from arabinoxylan fiber during production increases the bioavailability of FA, and induces acute endothelium-dependent vasodilation.

NO NCT03946293. WEBSITE http://www.clinicaltrials.gov.

NO NCT03946293. WEBSITE http://www.clinicaltrials.gov.

To evaluate the nutritional risk and therapy in severe and critical patients with COVID-19.

A total of 523 patients enrolled from four hospitals in Wuhan, China. The inclusion time was from January 2, 2020 to February 15. Clinical characteristics and laboratory values were obtained from electronic medical records, nursing records, and related examinations.

Of these patients, 211 (40.3%) were admitted to the ICU and 115 deaths (22.0%). Patients admitted to the ICU had lower BMI and plasma protein levels. The median Nutrition risk in critically ill (NUTRIC) score of 211 patients in the ICU was 5 (4, 6) and Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS) score was 5 (3, 6). The ratio of parenteral nutrition (PN) therapy in non-survivors was greater than that in survivors, and the time to start nutrition therapy was later than that in survivors. The NUTRIC score can independently predict the risk of death in the hospital (OR=1.197, 95%CI 1.091-1.445, p=0.006) and high NRS score patients have a higher risk of poor outcome in the ICU (OR=1.880, 95%CI 1.151-3.070, p=0.012). After adjusted age and sex, for each standard deviation increase in BMI, the risk of in-hospital death was reduced by 13% (HR=0.871, 95%CI 0.795-0.955, p=0.003), and the risk of ICU transfer was reduced by 7% (HR=0.932, 95%CI0.885-0.981, p=0.007). The in-hospital survival time of patients with albumin level ≤35g/L was significantly decreased (15.9d, 95% CI 13.7-16.3, vs 24.2d, 95% CI 22.3-29.7, p<0.001).

Severe and critical patients with COVID-19 have a high risk of malnutrition. Low BMI and protein levels were significantly associated with adverse events. Early nutritional risk screening and therapy for patients with COVID-19 are necessary.

Severe and critical patients with COVID-19 have a high risk of malnutrition. Low BMI and protein levels were significantly associated with adverse events. Early nutritional risk screening and therapy for patients with COVID-19 are necessary.

Hemorrhage occurs in 7-10% of patients treated with vitamin K antagonist (VKA), with major bleeding in 1-3%. Impact of nutritional status on the bleeding risk of patients on anticoagulants is still poorly documented. Our study aimed to analyze the link between the nutritional status of patients on VKA and the occurrence of hemorrhagic events. We also analyzed micronutrients status.

A case-control, monocentric, and prospective study was conducted from August 2012 to October 2015. The case patients were those presenting with major bleeding and control patients those without any bleeding under VKA treatment.

Overall, 294 patients under VKA treatment were paired according to age, gender, and index normalized ratio (INR). Out of these, 98 (33.3%) had major bleeding and 196 (66.7%) did not have any bleeding. Additionally, more than two-thirds of patients displayed undernutrition, which was more prevalent in bleeding than non-bleeding patients (OR=1.85, CI95% 1.07-3.21). There was a higher bleeding risk for those with severe undernutrition (OR=2.66, CI95% 1.58-4.46), with no difference found concerning moderate undernutrition. Bleeding patients had lower plasma-zinc concentrations than non-bleeding patients (9.4±3.6 vs. 10.5±3.7μmol/L, p=0.003); among them, there was a higher rate of patients with plasma zinc under 5μmol/L (9% vs. 2%, p<0.001).

Patients with undernutrition on VKA exhibit a significantly higher bleeding risk, which increases three-fold in case of severe undernutrition. The evaluation of nutritional status provides additional, valuable prognosis information prior to initiating VKA therapy. CLINICALTRIALS.

NCT01742871.

NCT01742871.

Plasma citrulline, a non-protein amino acid, is a biochemical marker of small intestine enterocyte mass in humans. Indeed, citrulline is highly correlated with residual bowel length in patients with short bowel syndrome. It is known to be synthesised in epithelial cells of the small intestine from other amino acids (precursors). Citrulline is then released into systemic circulation and interconverted into arginine in kidneys. If plasma citrulline concentration depends on abundance of intestinal amino acid transporters is not known. The aim of the present study was to explore whether plasma citrulline concentration correlates with the expression of intestinal amino acid transporters. Furthermore, we assessed if arginine in urine correlates with plasma citrulline.

Duodenal samples, blood plasma and urine were collected from 43 subjects undergoing routine gastroduodenoscopy. mRNA expression of seven basolateral membrane amino acid transporters/transporter subunits were assessed by real-time PCR. Plasma and ucitrulline efflux from enterocytes. Furthermore, urine arginine correlated with plasma citrulline, indicating arginine in the urine as possible additional marker for small intestine enterocyte mass. Finally, basolateral LAT4 expression along the human small intestine was shown for the first time.

In this study, we showed for the first time that small intestinal basolateral LAT4 expression correlates with plasma citrulline concentration. This finding indicates that LAT4 has an important function in mediating citrulline efflux from enterocytes. Furthermore, urine arginine correlated with plasma citrulline, indicating arginine in the urine as possible additional marker for small intestine enterocyte mass. Finally, basolateral LAT4 expression along the human small intestine was shown for the first time.

Malnutrition in medical and surgical inpatients is an on-going problem. More-2-Eat (M2E) Phase 1 demonstrated that improved detection and treatment of hospital malnutrition could be embedded into routine practice using an intensive researcher-facilitated implementation process. Yet, spreading and sustaining new practices in diverse hospital cultures with minimal researcher support is unknown.

To demonstrate that a scalable model of implementation can increase three key nutrition practices (admission screening; Subjective Global Assessment (SGA); and medication pass (MedPass) of oral nutritional supplement) in diverse acute care hospitals to detect and treat malnutrition in medical and surgical patients.

Ten hospitals participated in this pretest post-test time series implementation study from across Canada, including 21 medical or surgical units (Phase 1 original units (n=4), Phase 1 hospital new units (n=9), Phase 2 new hospitals and units (n=8)). The scalable implementation model included training cha periods (7%-13% of all patients p<0.007). Other care practices significantly increased (e.g. volunteer mealtime assistance).

Nutrition-care activities significantly increased in diverse hospital units with this scalable model. This heralds the transition from implementation research to sustained changes in routine practice. Screening, SGA, and MedPass can all be implemented, improve nutrition care for all patients, spread within an organization, and for the most part, sustained (and in the case of original Phase 1 units, for over 3 years) with champion leadership.

Nutrition-care activities significantly increased in diverse hospital units with this scalable model. This heralds the transition from implementation research to sustained changes in routine practice. Screening, SGA, and MedPass can all be implemented, improve nutrition care for all patients, spread within an organization, and for the most part, sustained (and in the case of original Phase 1 units, for over 3 years) with champion leadership.Clay sand casting generates a large amount of foundry dust (FD), and the presence of coal powder in the FD makes it difficult to recycle and utilize. The landfill of the FD creates a serious environmental pollution and wastes a valuable resource. To improve the above situation, the FD was analyzed and characterized by X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA). An ultrasonic-assisted flotation process was developed for the comprehensive utilization of the FD, and the effects of ultrasonic time on the flotation performance and flotation kinetics were investigated. In addition, the two-stage flotation of the FD was conducted. Obtained results showed that the FD mainly consisted of coal powder and clay minerals, and the coal powder was covered by clay minerals. The separation efficiency of the coal powder and clay minerals can be significantly enhanced by ultrasonic pretreatment, and the optimal ultrasonic time was 30 min. The flotation kinetics analysis results indicated that the first-order model with rectangular distribution was more reasonable for the data fitting of the ultrasonic-assisted flotation. Furthermore, the concentrate and tailings obtained by the two-stage flotation had achieved an acceptable result, favoring the comprehensive utilization of the FD.Little information is available regarding the kinetics, products, and pathways of simultaneous SMX degradation and Cd(II) immobilization from wastewater. In this study, a novel bacterium (Achromobacter sp. L3) with SMX degradation and Cd(II) immobilization capabilities was isolated. The boundary conditions of SMX degradation were as follows initial pH 6-8, temperature 25-30 °C, and SMX concentration 10-40 mg/L-1. The boundary conditions of Cd(II) immobilization were as follows initial pH 7-9, temperature 25-35 °C, and SMX concentration 10-30 mg/L-1. The maximum SMX degradation and Cd(II) removal were 91.98% and 100%, respectively. The SMX degradation and Cd(II) immobilization data fitted well with the pseudo-first-order kinetic model, indicating that the two pollutants conform to the same degradation rule. Moreover, the microbial degradation, sediment adsorption, and intermediates identified in the experiments were used to explore the mechanisms of SMX and Cd(II) removal. These results indicate that microbial removal and sediment adsorption play equally important roles in Cd(II) immobilization; however, microbial degradation plays a decisive role in SMX degradation. Furthermore, the relationship between aerobic denitrification, SMX degradation, and Cd(II) immobilization was proposed. These results may provide valuable insights for treatment of wastewater polluted by antibiotics and heavy metals.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has spread worldwide from epicenter of Wuhan, China since December 2019. The aim of our study was to describe the clinical characteristics and outcome of hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia at the Toulouse university hospital, France.

We selected the patients included from March 7, 2020 to April 20, 2020 in the retrolective Covid-clinic-Toul cohort that follows all hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection at the Toulouse Hospital. Cases were confirmed by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. We report demographics, clinical, biological and radiological features, as well as unfavorable outcome at Day 14 after admission (admission in an intensive care unit, mechanical ventilation, death).

Among 263 hospitalized patients, the median age was 65 years and 155 (58.9%) were males. Two hundred and twenty-seven patients (86.3%) had at least one comorbidity. The median time from first symptom to hospital admission was 7.0 days (interquartile range 4-10). On day 14 after admission, 111 patients (42.2%) had been transferred to intensive care unit (ICU), including 50 (19.0%) on Day 1; 61 (23.1%) needed mechanical ventilation and 19 patients (7.2%) had died. Patients admitted to ICU at Day 1 of admission (n=50) were more frequently men (66.0% vs 57.3%), smokers (25.0% vs 7.1%), with obesity (42.0% vs 24.7%) and had a higher mean level of C-reactive protein (median 110.9mg/L vs 46.2mg/L).

This cohort provides epidemiological data on SARS-CoV-2 in hospitalized patients in a University hospital in the South of France.

This cohort provides epidemiological data on SARS-CoV-2 in hospitalized patients in a University hospital in the South of France.According to the binding mode of ABBV-744 with bromodomains and the cape space of HDAC, the novel selective HDAC/BRD4 dual inhibitors were designed and synthesized by the pharmacophore fusion strategy. Evaluating the biomolecular activities through SARs exploration identified three kinds of selective dual inhibitors 41c (HDAC1/BRD4), 43a (pan-HDAC/BRD4) and 43d (HDAC6/BRD4(BD2)), whose target-related cellular activities in MV-4-11 cells were also confirmed. Significantly, the selective dual inhibitor 41c (HDAC1/BRD4) exhibited synergistic effects against MV-4-11 cells, which strongly induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and the first HDAC6/BRD4(BD2) dual inhibitor was found. This study provides support for selective HDAC/BRD4 dual inhibitors as epigenetic probes based on pyrrolopyridone core for the future biological evaluation in different cancer cell lines.Despite the encouraging clinical progress of chemotherapeutic agents in cancer treatment, innovation and development of new effective anticancer candidates still represents a challenging endeavor. With 15 million death every year in 2030 according to the estimates, cancer has increased rising of an alarm as a real crisis for public health and health systems worldwide. Therefore, scientist began to introduce innovative solutions to control the cancer global health problem. One of the promising strategies in this issue is the multitarget or smart hybrids having two or more pharmacophores targeting cancer. These rationalized hybrid molecules have gained great interests in cancer treatment as they are capable to simultaneously inhibit more than cancer pathway or target without drug-drug interactions and with less side effects. A prime important example of these hybrids, the HDAC hybrid inhibitors or referred as multitargeting HDAC inhibitors. The ability of HDAC inhibitors to synergistically improve the efficacy of other anti-cancer drugs and moreover, the ease of HDAC inhibitors cap group modification prompt many medicinal chemists to innovate and develop new generation of HDAC hybrid inhibitors. Notably, and during this short period, there are four HDAC inhibitor hybrids have entered different phases of clinical trials for treatment of different types of blood and solid tumors, namely; CUDC-101, CUDC-907, Tinostamustine, and Domatinostat. This review shed light on the most recent hybrids of HDACIs with one or more other cancer target pharmacophore. The designed multitarget hybrids include topoisomerase inhibitors, kinase inhibitors, nitric oxide releasers, antiandrogens, FLT3 and JAC-2 inhibitors, PDE5-inhibitors, NAMPT-inhibitors, Protease inhibitors, BRD4-inhibitors and other targets. This review may help researchers in development and discovery of new horizons in cancer treatment.Atg4, a pivotal macroautophagy/autophagy-related cysteine protein family, which regulate autophagy through either cleaving Atg8 homologs for its further lipidation or delipidating Atg8 homologs from the autophagosome. There are four homologs, Atg4A, Atg4B, Atg4C, and Atg4D. Among them, an increasing amount of evidence indicates that Atg4B possessed superior catalytic efficiency toward the Atg8 substrate, as well as regulates autophagy process and plays a key role in the development of several human cancers. Recently, efforts have been contributed to the exploration of Atg4B inhibitors or activators. In this review, we comprehensively clarify the function of Atg4B in autophagy and cancer biology, as well as the relationship between pharmacological function and structure-activity of small molecule drugs targeting Atg4B. The development of novel drugs targeting Atg4B could be well applied in the clinical practice.

The objective was to evaluate the effects of a pre-chemotherapy education class on chemotherapy-naïve patients diagnosed with gynecologic cancer and their informal caregivers.

A prospective cohort study was conducted at a cancer centre in Toronto, Canada. All women diagnosed with gynecologic cancer, who were scheduled to receive chemotherapy treatment, and their caregivers were invited to attend the GyneChemo class, newly introduced as the centre’s standard of care. Consenting attendees were asked to complete pre-and post-class survey measures assessing anxiety, self-efficacy, information needs, preparedness to begin chemotherapy treatment, and satisfaction with the class.

Between September 2014 to September 2016, 642 individuals attended the GyneChemo class. 75 patients and 64 caregivers completed both pre- and post-class measures. Over 80% of participants agreed that the class was beneficial, specific to their needs, and administered in an appropriate setting. Significant increases in patient and careeatment education into cancer care has the potential to improve the survivorship experience by increasing self-efficacy, treatment preparedness, and psychological well-being.In approximately ten months’ time, the novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has infected over 34 million people and caused over one million deaths worldwide. The impact of this virus on our health, relationships, and careers is difficult to overstate. As the economic realities for academic medical centers come into focus, we must recommit to our core missions of patient care, education, and research. Fellowship education programs in gynecologic oncology have quickly adapted to the „new normal” of social distancing using video conferencing platforms to continue clinical and didactic teaching. United in a time of crisis, we have embraced systemic change by developing and delivering collaborative educational content, overcoming the limitations imposed by institutional silos. Additional innovations are needed in order to overcome the losses in program surgical volume and research opportunities. With the end of the viral pandemic nowhere in sight, program directors can rethink how education is best delivered and potentially overhaul aspects of fellowship curriculum and content. Similarly, restrictions on travel and the need for social distancing has transformed the 2020 fellowship interview season from an in-person to a virtual experience. During this time of unprecedented and rapid change, program directors should be particularly mindful of the needs and health of their trainees and consider tailoring their educational experiences accordingly.