Introduction Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a multi-layered problem with a calamitous impact on humans, livestock, the environment, and the biosphere. Initiatives and action plan to preclude AMR remain poorly implemented in India.Area covered This review highlights essential factors contributing to AMR, epidemiology of the resistant bacteria, current treatment options, economic impact, and regulatory efforts initiated by the Indian government to tackle AMR.Expert opinion Health-care professionals, hospitals, and the general public must understand and cooperatively implement the 'One Health approach,’ which entails judicious use of antibiotics in humans, animals, and the environment. Neglecting the AMR problem predicts the expansion of the 'Post-antibiotic era’ characterized by drying antibiotic discovery pipelines, overuse of 'Watch’ and 'Reserve’ groups, coupled with underuse of 'Access’ antibiotics, increased daily defined doses, increased healthcare cost, rise in morbidity, mortality, and environmental degradation. The Indian case study elucidates a looming international crisis that demands global attention and commitment for envisaging and implementing locally relevant solutions.The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread over 219 countries of the globe as a pandemic, creating alarming impacts on health care, socioeconomic environments, and international relationships. The principal objective of the study is to provide the current technological aspects of artificial intelligence (AI) and other relevant technologies and their implications for confronting COVID-19 and preventing the pandemic’s dreadful effects. This article presents AI approaches that have significant contributions in the fields of health care, then highlights and categorizes their applications in confronting COVID-19, such as detection and diagnosis, data analysis and treatment procedures, research and drug development, social control and services, and the prediction of outbreaks. The study addresses the link between the technologies and the epidemics as well as the potential impacts of technology in health care with the introduction of machine learning and natural language processing tools. It is expected that this comprehensive study will support researchers in modeling health care systems and drive further studies in advanced technologies. Finally, we propose future directions in research and conclude that persuasive AI strategies, probabilistic models, and supervised learning are required to tackle future pandemic challenges.Background The use of technology in the medical field has been rising rapidly and offering, in many cases, an alternative to traditional ways of practicing medicine, especially when remote medical services are required. This background has laid the foundation for telemedicine to play a role in controlling the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Telemedicine has the potential to allow the facilitation of providing the necessary medical care to patients without exposing them to contact with other patients or the general population. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the utilization of telemedicine by the Lebanese physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This cross-sectional online study was conducted using LimeSurvey® through an e-mail-based questionnaire sent to physicians currently enrolled in both Beirut and Tripoli Lebanese Order of Physicians. Results Four hundred one physicians completed the survey resulting in a response rate of 5.85%. Most of the respondents (N = 401, 75.8%) reported using telemedicine to provide health care services to patients without in-person visits during the pandemic. Among those using telemedicine (N = 304), around 40% reported that they started using it during COVID-19 pandemic. Discussion Literature states that the average time of an in-person clinic consultation is more than 15 min. This implies that telemedicine can play a role in saving physicians’ time; this conclusion is supported by other studies that consider telemedicine a time-saving method of providing health care services. Conclusions Our study indicated that telemedicine is used by the majority of Lebanese physicians and that this use has been accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Our results showed that telemedicine does have a potential that can allow it to be integrated in the health care system and implemented on a national organized level.Purpose To determine the magnitude, determinants, and public health issues related to diabetic retinopathy (DR) in India using 2019 data from a for-profit telescreening program. Methods Digital retinal images were captured using a nonmydriatic fundus camera and transferred via the telescreening program to a reading center. Ophthalmologists trained in DR image reading created the DR status reports. Age/sex-adjusted rates of DR, sight-threatening DR (STDR), and diabetic macular edema (DME) were calculated and correlated with known risk factors. Results Images of 51,760 Indian diabetic patients (103,520 eyes) were reviewed. The prevalence of DR, STDR, and DME was 19.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 18.9-19.5), 5.1% (95% CI 4.9-5.3), and 3.9% (95% CI 3.7-4.1), respectively. Based on these data, we projected 14.7 million cases of DR, 3.9 million with STDR, and 3.0 million DME cases in India. Statistically significant risk factors for DR were male gender (odds ratio [OR] = 1.19, p less then 0.001), older age (χ2 = 270, df = 3, p less then 0.001), history of cataract surgery (OR = 2.0, p less then 0.001), longer duration of diabetes (χ2 = 1084, p less then 0.001), and type 1 diabetes (OR = 3.9, p = 0.01). There was a statistically significant variation of DR by geographic zones (χ2 = 310, p less then 0.001). Laser treatment coverage for STDR was 22%. Duration of diabetes (p less then 0.001), cataract surgery in the past (p = 0.02), and females (p = 0.001) were predictors of STDR. Conclusion This model of telescreening for DR provides an additional pathway for screening and preventing diabetes-related visual morbidity in India. The data from this study can be used for epidemiologic and ophthalmic health policies related to diabetes.

Smoking continues to be a major health concern among persons with mental illnesses.

This pilot study compared smoking outcomes between wellness-coaching for smoking cessation and a control group.

Thirty-one individuals were enrolled in an educational group on smoking cessation and 23 completed an eight-session manualized education. Following this educational group, 11 of 23 participants were randomly assigned to wellness coaching for four months and 12 to a control condition. ANCOVAs were used to compare group differences in smoking outcomes.

Fagerström Nicotine Dependence Index (FTND) score of the participants who received the wellness coaching intervention decreased significantly as compared to the control group, indicating a lower level of nicotine dependence. The outcomes of average number of cigarettes smoked daily and breath carbon monoxide level showed tendencies towards reductions for wellness coaching, although not statistically significant compared to the control condition.

Suggestions are shared about the feasibility of wellness coaching as well as barriers and challenges learned in implementing such an intervention to assist individuals with mental illnesses in quitting or reducing smoking.

Suggestions are shared about the feasibility of wellness coaching as well as barriers and challenges learned in implementing such an intervention to assist individuals with mental illnesses in quitting or reducing smoking.

There is a paucity of midterm outcome data on hip revision arthroscopic surgery.

(1) To report minimum 5-year patient-reported outcome measurement scores (PROMSs) in patients who underwent revision hip arthroscopy, (2) to compare minimum 5-year PROMSs with a propensity-matched control group that underwent primary hip arthroscopy, and (3) to compare the rate of achieving the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) at minimum 5-year follow-up between the revision group and the propensity-matched control primary group.

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Data were prospectively collected between June 2008 and April 2014. Patients were included who underwent revision hip arthroscopy with preoperative and minimum 5-year follow-up scores for the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Non-arthritic Hip Score (NAHS), Hip Outcome Score-Sports Specific Subscale (HOS-SSS), and visual analog scale (VAS) for pain. Patients with Tönnis grade >1 or with hip conditions such as avascular necrosis, Legg-Calve-Pertprimary hip arthroscopy have higher PROMSs before and after surgery and lower rates of conversion to arthroplasty.

Drawing is a major component of cognitive screening for dementia. It can be performed without language restriction. Drawing pictures under instructions and copying images are different screening approaches. The objective of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance between drawing under instructions and image copying for MCI and dementia screening.

A literature search was carried out in the OVID databases with keywords related to drawing for cognitive screening. Study quality and risk of bias were assessed by QUADAS-2. The level of diagnostic accuracy across different drawing tests was pooled by bivariate analysis in a random effects model. The area under the hierarchical summary receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) was constructed to summarize the diagnostic performance.

Ninety-two studies with sample size of 22,085 were included. The pooled results for drawing under instructions showed a sensitivity of 79% (95% CI 76 - 83%) and a specificity of 80% (95% CI 77 - 83%) with AUC of 0.87 (95% CI 0.83 - 0.89). The pooled results for image copying showed a sensitivity of 71% (95% CI 62 - 79%) and a specificity of 83% (95% CI 72 - 90%) with AUC of 0.83 (95% CI 0.80 - 0.86). Clock-drawing test was the screening test used in the majority of studies.

Drawing under instructions showed a similar diagnostic performance when compared with image copying for cognitive screening and the administration of image copying is relatively simpler. Self-screening for dementia is feasible to be done at home in the near future.

Drawing under instructions showed a similar diagnostic performance when compared with image copying for cognitive screening and the administration of image copying is relatively simpler. Self-screening for dementia is feasible to be done at home in the near future.Objective Few studies in women’s health care have utilized text messaging as a data collection tool. Our aims were to (1) determine the willingness of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Ob/Gyn) patients to participate in text message surveys, (2) determine the patient-preferred mode of survey distribution, (3) compare preferences between a low-resource and university population, and (4) review the practical aspects of implementing text message surveys. Methods Paper surveys were distributed to Ob/Gyn clinic patients at two academic centers. English and Spanish speakers were included. Questions assessed sociodemographic data, survey preferences, and text messaging preferences. Appropriate tests were used to look for associations between demographics and survey preferences. Results One hundred eighty-two participants completed the survey. Respondents were seen at either a university (42%) or a safety net (58%) clinic. Most owned a mobile phone (94%), used text messaging everyday (88%), and had an unlimited data plan (83%).