Photodynamic therapy (PDT) exhibits great potential for cancer therapy, but still suffers from nonspecific photosensitivity and poor penetration of photosensitizer. Here, a smart perylene monoimide-based nanocluster with enzyme-triggered disassembly is reported as an activatable and deeply penetrable photosensitizer. A novel carboxylesterase (CE)-responsive tetrachloroperylene monoimide (P1) was synthesized and assembled with folate-decorated albumins into a nanocluster ( FHP ) with a diameter of ~100 nm. Once P1 is hydrolyzed by the tumor-specific CE, FHP  disassembles into ultrasmall nanoparticles (~10 nm), facilitating the deep tumor penetration of FHP . Furthermore, such enzyme-triggered disassembly of FHP  leads to enhanced fluorescence intensity (~8-fold) and elevated singlet oxygen generation ability (~4-fold), enabling in situ near-infrared fluorescence imaging and promoted PDT. FHP  permits remarkable tumor inhibition in vivo  with minimal side effects through imaging-guided, activatable, and deep PDT. This work confirms that this cascaded multifunctional control via enzyme-triggered molecular disassembly is an effective strategy for precise cancer theranostics. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.The gelatin film has great potential in biomedical applications, especially in wound healing. The combination of gelatin films and stem cells could further accelerate the skin regeneration. Although polysaccharide modification can improve the mechanical property and biological activity of gelatin films, information about the stability and cellular affinity is still limited. This study investigated the influence of polysaccharides on the stability and cellular affinity of gelatin films. Two kinds of gelatin-polysaccharide composite films, including gelatin-hyaluronic acid (G-HA) and gelatin-chitosan (G-CS), were prepared in this study. It was found that G-HA composite film had better short-term and long-term stability compared with G-CS composite film. And G-HA composite film also had better biological safety than G-CS film. Moreover, the surface of G-HA composite film supported the adhesion and growth of human umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ MSCs) better than G-CS film surface. These data illustrated that G-HA composite film has better stability and cellular affinity compared with G-CS film, which could be considered a promising delivery system of stem cells for further in vivo studies. Therefore, this work would be very helpful to optimize the preparation of gelatin-polysaccharide composite films. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.AIMS To compare the static and dynamic postural control of people with Parkinson’s disease and community old adults. METHODS Thirty-five people were in the Parkinson’s disease group (PDG; 12 women, 62.4 ± 11.0 years, 77.9 ± 15.6 kg, 166.5 ± 11.0 cm, 27.9 ± 3.8 kg/m2 , 1.9 ± 0.5 Hoehn & Yahr) and 32 were in the old adults group (OAG; 13 women, 69.5 ± 6.0 years, 74.2 ± 12.3 kg, 165.0 ± 8.3 cm, 27.2 ± 4.0 kg/m2 ). The static balance was measured on a force platform, three 30-s trials in four conditions feet side-by-side (FSBS) and semi-tandem stance (ST) positioning, eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC). The total sway path length (SPL), sway area (SA), anterior-posterior (APSR) and medial-lateral (MLSR) sway range of the centre of pressure were obtained. Dynamic balance was assessed using the timed-up-and-go test (TUG). For comparison between groups and repeated-measures, a mixed-design ANOVA was carried out and the Mann-Whitney U test to compare TUG between groups. The significance level was set at p ≤ .05. RESULTS Between groups, PDG presented higher mean values for SPL, APSR and SA in feet side-by-side eyes open compared to the OAG, for SPL in feet side-by-side eyes closed, for SPL and SA in STEO. For repeated-measures, both groups had higher mean values in the EC condition compared to EO and MLSR compared to APSR. No significant difference was found between groups for TUG. CONCLUSION Balance disorders are found early in people with Parkinson’s disease compared to healthy older adults. Thus, Parkinson’s disease seems to advance the process of alterations in the postural control system. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.BACKGROUND Keloids are firm, fibrous nodules that form on an individual’s skin and are associated with difficult symptoms as well as high recurrence rates. This study aims to improve the surgical techniques that reduce local tension after surgical excision of keloids as well as applying adjuvant radiotherapy to suppress scar formation. METHODS A total of 58 patients aged between 21 to 76 received surgical incision of keloid and immediate post-operation low-dose radiotherapy. All patient follow-ups were performed at the out-patient department. Any sign of a keloid at the incision site was defined as treatment failure or keloid recurrence, regardless of the size. RESULTS At a median follow-up of 22 months, the overall recurrence for all lesions was 8.6%, which in improved compared with previous study. In addition, all incisions performed during surgeries were healed and no signs of necrosis or the development of ulcers was observed. CONCLUSION Our study suggest that this combined therapy provides excellent local control of keloids and shows promise for future therapy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.In recent years, X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) in the Kβ (3p-1s) and valence-to-core (Valence-1s) regions has been increasingly used to study metal active sites in (bio)inorganic chemistry and catalysis, providing information about the metal spin state, oxidation state and the identity of coordinated ligands. However, to date this technique has been limited almost exclusively to first row transition metals. In this work, we present an extension of Kβ XES (in both the 4p-1s and valence-to-1s [or VtC] regions) to the second transition row by performing a detailed experimental and theoretical analysis of the Molybdenum emission lines. It is demonstrated in this work that Kβ2 lines are dominated by spin state effects, while VtC XES of a 4d transition metal provides access to metal oxidation state and ligand identity. An extension of Mo Kβ XES to nitrogenaserelevant model complexes shows that the method is sufficiently sensitive to act as a spectator probe for redox events that are localized at the Fe atoms. Mo VtC XES thus has promise for future applications to nitrogenase, as well as a range of other Mo-containing biological cofactors. Further, the clear assignment of the origins of Mo VtC XES features opens up the possibility of applying this method to a wide range of second metals, thus providing chemists with a site specific tool for the elucidation of 4d transition metal electronic structure. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Here, we have explored the synthesis of highly efficient Co9S8-Ni3S2 based hierarchical nanoflower arrays on nickel foam (NF) through the one-pot hydrothermal method (Co9S8-Ni3S2/NF) for overall water splitting applications.  The overpotentials exhibited by this system at 25 mA cm-2 are nearly 277 and 102 mV for HER and OER, respectively in 1 M KOH solution. Subsequently, the overall water splitting was performed in 1 M KOH solution by employing Co9S8-Ni3S2/NF as both the anode and cathode electrodes, where the system required only 1.49, 1.60 and 1.69 V to deliver the current densities of 10, 25, and 50 mA cm-2, respectively. Comparison of the activity of Co9S8-Ni3S2/NF with the state-of-the-art Pt/C and RuO2 coated on NF displays an enhanced performance for Co9S8-Ni3S2/NF both in the half-cell as well as in the full cell, emphasizing the significance of the present work.  Overall, the activity modulation achieved in the present case is attributed to the presence of open-pore morphology of the as formed nanoflowers of Co9S8-Ni3S2 on NF and the simultaneous presence of the surface Co(OH)2 along with the highly conducting Co9S8-Ni3S2 core which facilitates the adsorption of the reactants and subsequently its conversion into the gases products during water electrolysis. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.BACKGROUND Enterovirus/rhinoviruses (EvRh) are the most common cause of respiratory virus infections in recipients of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). OBJECTIVE We sought to analyze the value of the immunodeficiency scoring index (ISI) in predicting lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD) progression and mortality in a prospective cohort of consecutive adult (> 16 years) allo-HSCT recipients with EvRh infection from December 1 2013 to December 1 2019 at two Spanish transplant centers. RESULTS We included 234 allo-HSCT recipients with 383 EvRh episodes. Out of 383 EvRh episodes, 98 (25%) had LRTD. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified three independent factors associated with LRTD progression Ig G less then 400 mg/dl, community-acquired respiratory virus (CARV) co-infection and high-risk ISI. Inclusion of Ig G levels and CARV co-infection in the ISI improved its performance by significantly increasing the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC) from 0.643 to 0.734 (p= 0.03). Likewise, the two conditions identified by multivariate analyses as associated with higher probability of mortality were high-risk ISI and EvRh infection within 6 months after transplant. CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirm the value of high-risk ISI in predicting both probability of EvRh LRTD and 3-month overall mortality. We also demonstrate that the original ISI could be adapted to other CARV types by including additional variables to improve its performance. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.AIM The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a comprehensive mobile application program in managing behavior and psychological symptoms of home-dwelling patients with dementia in South Korea. METHODS A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was conducted. A total of 26 family caregivers participated in this study. The application program consists of understanding of dementia, interventions, communication skills, coping methods, and bulletin boards. Data collection was performed from July 9, 2018, to October 4, 2018. Family caregivers’ fatigue, sleep, and burden and patients with behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia were measured. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, independent t tests, Mann-Whitney U test, repeated measures analysis of variance, and Friedman test were used. RESULTS The application program offered environmental management in an intervention using communication skills and coping methods, depending on the behavioral and psychological symptom type. The results showed significant differences between the two groups in family caregivers’ fatigue (F = 11.24, p = .003) and burden (χ2 = 10.55, p = .005). CONCLUSION The findings showed the application program improved family caregivers’ fatigue and burden. It also suggested there is a need to develop a wandering persons location program to improve family caregivers’ stress and patients’ behavioral problems in future studies. © 2020 Japan Academy of Nursing Science.OBJECTIVE Overgeneral autobiographical memory (AM) was reported in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) using AM cueing tasks that did not directly indexes memories that are personally important to the individual, that is, self-defining memories (SDMs). The aim of this study is to investigate characteristics of SDMs in females with AN. METHOD A total of 46 outpatients with chronic AN and 52 healthy controls (HC) were asked to recall three SDMs. RESULTS Compared to HC, patients with AN presented less specific SDMs, but have preserved ability to give meaning to their memories. Patients’ SDMs were associated with more negative emotions, more tension (i.e. explicit expression of discomfort, disagreement or unease) and more contamination (i.e. transformation in the memory narrative from a positive to a negative affective state). Content of SDMs differed between patients with AN and HC. Finally, no difference was found in SDMs characteristics between the two subtypes of anorexia nervosa (restricting type and binge eating / purging type). DISCUSSION Patients with AN recalled overgeneral SDMs with negative content and emotions. In this context, a clinical intervention based on SDMs together with cognitive and emotional remedial therapies could help patients with AN to improve emotion processing and redefine their identity in a more positive way. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.The liver is the organ responsible for bisphenol A (BPA) metabolism, an environmental chemical agent. Exposure to this toxin is associated with liver abnormalities and dysfunction. An important role played by excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) of the slc1 gene family has been reported in liver injuries. To gain insight into a plausible effect of BPA exposure in the liver glutamate/aspartate transport, using the human hepatoblastoma cell line HepG2, we report a BPA-dependent dynamic regulation of SLC1A3 and SLC1A2. Through the use of radioactive [3 H]- d-aspartate uptake experiments and immunochemical approaches, we characterized time and dose-dependent regulation of the protein levels and function of these transporters after acute exposure to BPA. An increase in nuclear Yin Yang 1 was found. These results suggest an important involvement of the EAATs in liver physiology and its disruption after acute BPA exposure. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.During deployment, soldiers face situations in which they are not only exposed to violence but also have to perpetrate it themselves. This study investigates the role of soldiers’ levels of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and appetitive aggression, that is, a lust for violence, for their engaging in violence during deployment. Furthermore, factors during deployment influencing the level of PTSD symptoms and appetitive aggression after deployment were examined for a better comprehension of the maintenance of violence. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 468 Burundian soldiers before and after a 1-year deployment to Somalia. To predict violent acts during deployment (perideployment) as well as appetitive aggression and PTSD symptom severity after deployment (postdeployment), structural equation modeling was utilized. Results showed that the number of violent acts perideployment was predicted by the level of appetitive aggression and by the severity of PTSD hyperarousal symptoms predeployment. In addition to its association with the predeployment level, appetitive aggression postdeployment was predicted by violent acts and trauma exposure perideployment as well as positively associated with unit support. PTSD symptom severity postdeployment was predicted by the severity of PTSD avoidance symptoms predeployment and trauma exposure perideployment, and negatively associated with unit support. This prospective study reveals the importance of appetitive aggression and PTSD hyperarousal symptoms for the engagement in violent acts during deployment, while simultaneously demonstrating how these phenomena may develop in mutually reinforcing cycles in a war setting. © 2020 The Authors. Aggressive Behavior published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Studies of neutral biomolecules in the gas phase allow for the study of molecular properties in the absence of solvent and charge effects, thus complementing spectroscopic and analytical methods in solution or in ion traps. Some properties, such as the static electronic susceptibility, are best accessed in experiments that act on the motion of the neutral molecules in an electric field. Here, we screen seven peptides for their thermal stability and electron impact ionizability. We identify two tripeptides as sufficiently volatile and thermostable to be evaporated and interfered in the long-baseline universal matter-wave interferometer. Monitoring the deflection of the interferometric molecular nanopattern in a tailored external electric field allows us to measure the static molecular susceptibility of Ala-Trp-Ala and Ala-Ala-Trp bearing fluorinated alkyl chains at C- and N-termini. The respective values are 4 π ε 0 × 330 ± 150 Å 3 and 4 π ε 0 × 270 ± 80 Å 3 . © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Mass Spectrometry published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.AIM The aim of this study is to assess the validity and reliability of the Compassion Competence Scale Arabic version for Saudi nursing students and interns. BACKGROUND Compassion is an essential element of quality health care in which training nursing students to deliver compassionate care is important. Assessment of compassion competence of Arabic-speaking nursing students requires a valid and reliable tool. DESIGN This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study. METHODS This investigation was conducted from April to May 2019 in two universities in Saudi Arabia involving nursing students and interns. Cultural adaptation was performed using a forward-backward translation method. Content validity and construct validity through exploratory factor analysis were established. Internal consistency, stability and reliability were also determined for the scale. RESULTS The Arabic version has an excellent content validity. The exploratory factor analysis supported a three-factor solution that accounts for 50.62% of the scale’s variance. The Cronbach’s alpha of the scale was 0.806, whereas the Cronbach’s alpha of the subscales ranged from 0.739 to 0.797. The intraclass correlation coefficient of the two-week test-retest scores was 0.84. The university, gender, year level and family type predicted the students’ compassion competence. CONCLUSION The Arabic version can be used to measure Arabic-speaking nursing students’ compassion competence in clinical areas. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.BACKGROUND A host of studies show Leptin (LEP) G19A polymorphism is correlated with the risk of various cancers, but the connection of this polymorphism with bladder cancer (BC) risk has not been reported. MATERIALS AND METHODS This association was in explored in a case-control study involving 355 BC cases and 435 controls (all Chinese Han). Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was conducted to genotype LEP G19A polymorphism. Analyses of allele and genotype distribution were evaluated using chi-square test. Continuous data were assessed by an independent samples t test or one-way ANOVA test. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were determined by logistic regression. RESULTS LEP G19A polymorphism was significantly associated with a lower risk of BC (AA vs GG adjusted OR, 0.40, 95% CI, 0.20-0.83, P = .013; AA + GA vs GG adjusted OR, 0.70, 95% CI, 0.52-0.93, P = .015; AA vs GA + GG adjusted OR, 0.45, 95% CI, 0.22-0.91, P = .026). In addition, A allele was associated with decreased risk for BC (A vs G OR, 0.70, 95% CI, 0.55-0.89, P = .003). Stratified analyses by females, non-drinkers, and non-smokers all returned considerable relations. Furthermore, LEP G19A polymorphism was correlated with tumor size, tumor node metastasis, and distant metastasis in BC patients. CONCLUSIONS LEP G19A polymorphism is associated with a less risk of BC. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.BACKGROUND Identifying predictors for general cognitive training (GCT) success in healthy older adults has many potential uses, including aiding intervention and improving individual dementia risk prediction, which are of high importance in health care. However, the factors that predict training success and the temporal course of predictors (eg, do the same prognostic factors predict training success after a short training period, such as 6 weeks, as well as after a longer training period, such as 6 months?) are largely unknown. METHODS Data (N = 4184 healthy older individuals) from two arms (GCT vs control) of a three-arm randomized controlled trial were reanalyzed to investigate predictors of GCT success in five cognitive tasks (grammatical reasoning, spatial working memory, digit vigilance, paired association learning, and verbal learning) at three time points (after 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months of training). Possible investigated predictors were sociodemographic variables, depressive symptoms, number of training sessions, cognitive baseline values, and all interaction terms (group*predictor). RESULTS Being female was predictive for improvement in grammatical reasoning at 6 weeks in the GCT group, and lower cognitive baseline scores were predictive for improvement in spatial working memory and verbal learning at 6 months. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that predictors seem to change over time; remarkably, lower baseline performance at study entry is only a significant predictor at 6 months training. Possible reasons for these results are discussed in relation to the compensation hypothesis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.CsPbI3 inorganic perovskite has exhibited some special properties particularly crystal structure distortion and quantum confinement effect, yet the poor phase stability of CsPbI3 severely hinders its applications. Herein, the nature of the photoactive CsPbI3 phase transition from the perspective of PbI6 octahedra is revealed. A facile method is also developed to stabilize the photoactive phase and to reduce the defect density of CsPbI3 . CsPbI3 is decorated with multifunctional 4-aminobenzoic acid (ABA), and steric neostigmine bromide (NGBr) is subsequently used to further mediate the thin films’ surface (NGBr-CsPbI3 (ABA)). The ABA or NG cation adsorbed onto the grain boundaries/surface of CsPbI3 anchors the PbI6 octahedra via increasing the energy barriers of octahedral rotation, which maintains the continuous array of corner-sharing PbI6 octahedra and kinetically stabilizes the photoactive phase CsPbI3 . Moreover, the added ABA and NGBr not only interact with shallow- or deep-level defects in CsPbI3 to significantly reduce defect density, but also lead to improved energy-level alignment at the interfaces between the CsPbI3 and the charge transport layers. Finally, the champion NGBr-CsPbI3 (ABA)-based inorganic perovskite solar cell delivers 18.27% efficiency with excellent stability. Overall, this work demonstrates a promising concept to achieve highly phase-stabilized inorganic perovskite with suppressed defect density for promoting its optoelectronic applications. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.PURPOSE To reduce the use of mechanical restraints, Safewards was introduced to a ward in a psychiatric hospital in Poland. DESIGN AND METHODS Three aspects of Safewards were applied for 8 months. The comparison time period was the same time frame of the previous year. FINDINGS Restraint use dropped by 24%, and the number of patients restrained dropped 34%. The duration of restraint remained at 2.8 days per episode. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Simple techniques aimed at promoting positive interactions between staff and patients can reduce the frequency of restraints. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.CD1d-restricted invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells constitute a common glycolipid-reactive innate-like T-cell subset with a broad impact on innate and adaptive immunity. While several microbial glycolipids are known to activate iNKT cells, the cellular mechanisms leading to endogenous CD1d-dependent glycolipid responses remain largely unclear. Here, we show that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in APCs is a potent inducer of CD1d-dependent iNKT cell autoreactivity. This pathway relies on the presence of two transducers of the unfolded protein response inositol-requiring enzyme-1a (IRE1α) and protein kinase R-like ER kinase (PERK). Surprisingly, the neutral but not the polar lipids generated within APCs undergoing ER stress are capable of activating iNKT cells. These data reveal that ER stress is an important mechanism to elicit endogenous CD1d-restricted iNKT cell responses through induction of distinct classes of neutral lipids. © 2020 The Authors. Published under the CC BY NC ND 4.0 license.OBJECTIVES We examined longitudinal associations between late-life personality traits and cognitive impairment, dementia, and mortality in the population-based Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging and Dementia (CAIDE) Study. METHODS Anger expression and trait anger (State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory), anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), and sense of coherence (Sense of Coherence Scale) were assessed at the 1998 CAIDE visit (1266 cognitively normal individuals, mean age 71.0 years). Totally, 582 participants had complete re-examination in 2005-2008 (105 mild cognitive impairment, MCI; and 29 dementia). National registers data until 2008 were also used for both participants and nonparticipants to ascertain incident dementia (96 cases) and mortality (227 died). Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, education, follow-up time, cardiovascular and lifestyle factors, and depressive symptoms. RESULTS Higher anxiety was associated with higher risk of MCI/dementia (OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.07-2.63) and death (HR 1.46, 95% CI 1.08-1.98). High sense of coherence was associated with lower mortality (HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.45-0.93). These associations were attenuated after accounting for depressive symptoms (OR 1.57, 95% CI 0.96-2.58 for anxiety-MCI/dementia; HR 1.35, 95% CI 0.97-1.86 for anxiety-mortality; and HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.45-1.04 for sense of coherence-mortality). Trait anger was associated with higher dementia risk even after adjustments (HR 1.90, 95% CI 1.14-3.18). CONCLUSIONS Anxiety was linked to worse cognitive outcome and mortality and sense of coherence to lower mortality. Depressive symptoms attenuated the associations. As a novel finding, trait anger was connected to dementia risk. These findings emphasize the importance of personality-related risk factors for dementia and mortality. © 2020 The Authors. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.The benefits and drawbacks of the dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI sequence for prostate cancer diagnosis are increasingly being recognized, with many centers adopting the biparametric (bp) MRI approach as the default initial approach. The abandonment of the routine use of contrast medium requires an assessment of the loss of diagnostic power against the gains in operational logistics, costs, time, capacity, and side effects. It is the balance of these factors weighted against the clinical priorities of patients that determines which patient groups can safely avoid dynamic contrast enhancement. Although systematic reviews and individual studies are broadly supportive of the bpMRI approach, the pathway impacts for men with suspected cancer using the bpMRI approach are still not well documented for clinical practice. Robust prospectively acquired data for bpMRI regarding biopsy avoidance, detection of clinically significant and insignificant cancers, and for increasing the precision of tumor grade and volume are needed. There is a requirement for prospective, randomized, or blinded head-to-head, multicenter studies, addressing the noninferiority of biopsy yields prompted by bpMRI and multiparametric MRI approaches. These studies should more precisely define patient groups where the benefits and harms of contrast enhancement are aligned to their clinical priorities. Only then can we be confident in recommending bpMRI as an initial diagnostic approach for prostate cancer diagnosis. Level of Evidence 1 Technical Efficacy Stage 5. © 2020 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.Combination therapy based on nanomedicine has gained momentum in oncology in recent years, offering superior safety and efficacy over monotherapies. It is critical to design theranostics that are composed of imaging and therapeutic agents already approved. Herein, gadolinium (Gd)-rose bengal coordination polymer nanodots (GRDs) are reported. The GRDs exhibit a unique absorption property and 7.7-fold luminescence enhancement, as well as a 1.9-fold increase in singlet oxygen generation efficiency over free rose bengal. Meanwhile, GRDs exhibit a twofold increase in r1 relaxivity over gadopentetic acid (Gd-DTPA) and have better X-ray absorption ability than rose bengal alone. These excellent properties of the GRDs are verified both in vitro and in vivo. The combination of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and radiation therapy (RT) more significantly inhibits tumor growth than monotherapies (i.e., PDT or RT). This work offers a new route to designing and synthesizing Gd-based nanotheranostics for image-guided cancer therapy. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.PURPOSE This cross-sectional study examined the cyber-psychological correlates of depression, anxiety, stress, and suicidality among public university students in Klang Valley, Malaysia. DESIGN AND METHODS Participants were randomly selected using multi-stage sampling methods from three public universities in the study location. Participants completed measures of internet and smartphone addictions, depression, anxiety, stress, and suicidality, along with sociodemographic items. FINDINGS At bivariate level, both internet and smartphone addictions were found to have significant positive correlations with depression, anxiety, stress, and suicidality. At multivariate level, only internet addiction emerged as a consistent significant predictor for depression, anxiety, stress, and suicidality. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The present findings have implications for mental health professionals to routinely screen for psychological disturbance in young adults who have potential risks for internet addiction. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Hunger and chronic undernourishment impact over 800 million people, which translates to ≈10.7% of the world’s population. While countries are increasingly making efforts to reduce poverty and hunger by pursuing sustainable energy and agricultural practices, a third of the food produced around the globe still is wasted and never consumed. Reducing food shortages is vital in this effort and is often addressed by the development of genetically modified produce or chemical additives and inedible coatings, which create additional health and environmental concerns. Herein, a multifunctional bio-nanocomposite comprised largely of egg-derived polymers and cellulose nanomaterials as a conformal coating onto fresh produce that slows down food decay by retarding ripening, dehydration, and microbial invasion is reported. The coating is edible, washable, and made from readily available inexpensive or waste materials, which makes it a promising economic alternative to commercially available fruit coatings and a solution to combat food wastage that is rampant in the world. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.We consider the scenario where there is an exposure, multiple biologically defined sets of biomarkers, and an outcome. We propose a new two-step procedure that tests if any of the sets of biomarkers mediate the exposure/outcome relationship, while maintaining a prespecified familywise error rate. The first step of the proposed procedure is a screening step that removes all groups that are unlikely to be strongly associated with both the exposure and the outcome. The second step adapts recent advances in postselection inference to test if there are true mediators in each of the remaining candidate sets. We use simulation to show that this simple two-step procedure has higher statistical power to detect true mediating sets when compared with existing procedures. We then use our two-step procedure to identify a set of Lysine-related metabolites that potentially mediate the known relationship between increased body mass index and the increased risk of estrogen-receptor positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.The establishment of sample/S- relations (or reject control) during conditional discrimination training (AB, BC) affects transitivity (AC), equivalence (CA) and reflexivity (AA, BB, CC) test outcomes. The present study parametrically evaluated the effects of different observing patterns to comparison stimuli on the establishment of reject control during baseline conditional relation training. A matching-to-sample with observing requirements (MTS-OR) procedure was implemented during AB and BC conditional discrimination training. During training, the participants were required to observe the sample and incorrect comparison on every trial before responding. In addition, the participants were divided into three groups that differed regarding the percentage of training trials on which they were prevented from observing the correct comparison stimuli 25%, 50%, and 75%. Once the mastery criteria were achieved during training, transitivity (AC), symmetry (BA, CB), equivalence (CA), and reflexivity (AA, BB, CC) tests were conducted with all comparison stimuli visible from the beginning. The results suggest that the number of errors during transitivity, equivalence, and reflexivity tests progressively increased as participants were prevented from observing the correct comparison on a greater number of trials during training. Symmetry test results, however, were not affected by the experimental manipulation. Moreover, the number of participants showing reject-control patterns during tests slightly increased and the number of participants showing select-control patterns decreased as a function of the number of trials on which the participants were prevented from observing the correct comparison. Thus, we suggest that observing patterns during training is a relevant variable that affects equivalence test outcomes. © 2020 Society for the Experimental Analysis of Behavior.A low field strength (B0) system could increase cardiac MRI availability for patients otherwise contraindicated at higher field. Lower equipment costs could also broaden cardiac MR accessibility. The current study investigated the feasibility of cardiac function with steady-state free precession and flow assessment with phase contrast (PC) cine images at 0.35 T, and evaluated differences in myocardial relaxation times using quantitative T1, T2 and T2* maps by comparison with 1.5 and 3 T results in a small cohort of six healthy volunteers. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) differences across systems were characterized with proton density-weighted spin echo phantom data. SNR at 0.35 T was lower by factors of 5.5 and 15.0 compared with the 1.5 and 3 T systems used in this study. All cine images at 0.35 T scored 3 or greater on a five-point image quality scale. Normalized blood-myocardium contrast in cine images, left ventricular volumes (end diastolic volume, end systolic volume) and function (ejection fraction and stroke volume) measures at 0.35 T matched 1.5 and 3 T results. Phase-to-noise ratio in 0.35 T PC images (11.7 ± 1.9) was lower than 1.5 T (18.7 ± 5.2) and 3 T (44.9 ± 16.5). Peak velocity and stroke volume determined from PC images were similar across systems. Myocardial T1 increased (564 ± 13 ms at 0.35 T, 955 ± 19 ms at 1.5 T and 1200 ± 35 ms at 3 T) while T2 (59 ± 4 ms at 0.35 T, 49 ± 3 ms at 1.5 T and 40 ± 2 ms at 3 T) and T2* (42 ± 8 ms at 0.35 T, 33 ± 6 ms at 1.5 T and 24 ± 3 ms at 3 T) decreased with increasing B0. Despite SNR deficits, cardiovascular function, flow assessment and myocardial relaxation parameter mapping is feasible at 0.35 T using standard cardiovascular imaging sequences. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in premature infants, characterized by alveolar simplification, surfactant deficiency, and respiratory distress. In the present study, we have investigated the functional roles of sumoylated CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) in the BPD rat model. A significant increase in small ubiquitin-like modifier 1 (SUMO1) and sumoylated C/EBPα protein levels were observed in BPD rats, and the levels of the sumoylated C/EBPα were associated with the pulmonary surfactant proteins (SPs). In order to confirm the role of sumoylated C/EBPα in BPD rats, SUMO1 was knocked down by lentiviral transfection of neonatal rat lungs with SUMO1-RNAi-LV. We found that the expression of C/EBPα and surfactant proteins increased following SUMO1 knockdown. Furthermore, the relatively low decrease in the levels of C/EBPα sumoylation was correlated with reduced glycogen consumption. Besides, co-immunoprecipitation assays revealed that sumoylation is involved in the regulation of the interaction between C/EBPα and TGFβ2 in the lung. In conclusion, our findings indicate that sumoylation may act as a negative regulator of the C/EBPα-mediated transactivation in BPD rats. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine published by Foundation for Cellular and Molecular Medicine and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.OBJECTIVE Epilepsy is a nervous system abnormality that may be caused by unknown exposures during fetal development. Studies have shown neuroprotective effects of early exposure to vitamin D in other neurological disorders, and seasonal variation in birth of children with epilepsy. We aimed to investigate if neonatal 25(OH)D3 was associated with risk of childhood epilepsy. METHODS This case-cohort study compared neonatal 25(OH)D3 levels from children with epilepsy (n = 403) and a random selected cohort of controls (n = 1163), assessing the hazard of first epilepsy diagnosis between 1 and 4 years of age from a weighted Cox proportional hazard model. Analyses were adjusted for parental education, maternal age, maternal epilepsy, maternal ethnicity, and gestational age, and additionally for season of birth and smoking during pregnancy. RESULTS The mean (standard deviation [SD]) of neonatal 25(OH)D3 levels were 30.8(19.6) nmol/L among cases and 28.5(19.4) nmol/L among the cohort. The hazard ratio (HR) of epilepsyetal origin of epilepsy should focus on compounds correlating with vitamin D. © 2020 International League Against Epilepsy.The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is rapidly increasing worldwide. Obesity, physical inactivity and ageing increase the risk of T2D. Epigenetic modifications can change due to environmental exposures and may thereby predispose to disease. This review aims at summarizing recent advances in epigenetics related to T2D, with a special focus on impaired insulin action and secretion in humans. There will be an emphasis on analyses in human tissues; both from T2D case-control cohorts and intervention studies. Current data support an important role for epigenetics in the pathogenesis of T2D. Numerous studies have found differential DNA methylation and gene expression in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, the liver and pancreatic islets from subjects with T2D compared with nondiabetic controls. For example, PDX1 has increased DNA methylation and decreased expression in pancreatic islets from patients with T2D compared with nondiabetic controls. Nongenetic risk factors for T2D such as ageing, unhealthy diets and ph Journal of Internal Medicine.BACKGROUND Pruritus is one of the most common problems in patients suffering from chronic renal failure. Of all End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, 60%-80% usually complain of pruritus during their life. AIM The aim of this study was to compare the effect of Gabapentin and Hydroxyzine in treating pruritus in dialysis patients. METHODS In a double blind randomized clinical trial, 32 dialysis patients with pruritus were assigned randomly to receive either Gabapentin or Hydroxyzine for six weeks, with a washout period of two weeks apart. One group received Gabapentin capsule (100mg) and another group received Hydroxyzine 25 mg orally per day for six weeks. After the six weeks period patients were crosses over and followed for six weeks again. The Pruritus Scale questionnaire was used to measure the Pruritus in two groups before and after the first and second six weeks. RESULTS In the first six weeks, the severity of pruritus in Gabapentin group decreased from 7.1±1.46 at baseline to 2.17±1.82 at six weeks later (p=0.001) and in Hydroxyzine group decreased from 6.83±2.11 at baseline to 2.86±1.67 at six weeks later (p=0.001). In the second six weeks, the severity of pruritus in Gabapentin group decreased from 5.1±1.61 at baseline to 1.56±0.82 at six weeks later (p=0.002) and in Hydroxyzine group decreased from 5.23±2.11 at baseline to 2.1±1.87 at six weeks later (p=0.001). CONCLUSION Results showed that, both Hydroxyzine and Gabapentin significantly improved and controlled pruritus in dialysis patients but no significant difference was observed between two drugs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.OBJECTIVES To evaluate the responsiveness of measures of pain and oral health-related quality of life (OH-QoL) in patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) and to determine thresholds for minimal important change (MIC) and minimal important difference (MID) for use in this patient population. METHODS Data from baseline and 4-month follow-up including Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), 14-item Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14), 15-item and 26-item Chronic Oral Mucosal Disease Questionnaire (COMDQ-15; COMDQ-26) were collected from 157 patients with OLP. Responsiveness was assessed by testing hypotheses and calculating the area under the curve. MIC and MID were established based on triangulation of distribution-based and anchor-based estimates. RESULTS The results supported adequate responsiveness of VAS, NRS, COMDQ-15 and COMDQ-26 for use in OLP while the OHIP-14 demonstrated relatively low sensitivity to detect improvement in the OLP status. Recommended meaningful improvement thresholds were as follows VAS (MIC 16 mm; MID 18 mm), NRS (MIC/MID 2 points), OHIP-14 (MIC/MIC 5 points), COMDQ-15 (MIC 5 points; MID 6 points), and COMDQ-26 (MIC/MID 9 points). CONCLUSION This study provides some evidence of responsiveness as well as establishing meaningful improvement thresholds in scores of pain and OH-QoL measures in OLP. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of the study? Neural adaptations to resistance training are known to be task-specific, however adaptation to resistance training using compound movements are typically assessed in a single-limb isometric task. This study aimed to assess whether corticospinal responses to acute and short-term squat resistance training are task-specific. What is the main finding and its importance? A single bout of resistance training increased spinal excitability, however no changes in corticospinal responses were noted following 4 weeks of squat training despite task-specific increases in strength. The present data suggest that processes along the corticospinal pathway of the knee-extensors play a limited role in the task-specific increase in strength following resistance training. ABSTRACT Neural adaptations subserving strength increases have been shown to be task-specific, however responses and adaptation to lower-limb compound exercises such as the squat are commonly assessed in a mum squat (+35%, p  less then  0.001), which was reflected by a task-specific increase in IS MVC (+49%, p = 0.001), but not KE (+1%, p = 0.882). However, no training-induced changes were observed in muscle thickness (p = 0.468) or any evoked responses (p = 0.141). Adjustments in spinal motoneuronal excitability are evident after acute resistance training. After a period of short-term training, there were no changes in the responses to central nervous system stimulation, which suggests that alterations in corticospinal properties of the vastus lateralis might not contribute to increases in strength. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND High inter-individual variability in therapeutic response to drugs used in the management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) leads to high morbidity and high costs. Genetic variants predictive of thiopurine-induced myelosuppression, thiopurine-induced pancreatitis and immunogenicity of Tumour Necrosis Factor alpha (TNFα) antagonists have been identified, but uptake of pre-treatment pharmacogenetic testing into clinical guidelines has been slow. AIM To explore the efficacy of a pharmacogenetic passport for IBD that includes multiple pharmacogenetic predictors of response. METHODS Patients with IBD exposed to thiopurines and/or TNFα antagonists were retrospectively evaluated for the presence of thiopurine toxicity and/or immunogenicity of TNFα antagonists. All patients were genotyped using both whole-exome sequencing and the Illumina Global Screening Array. An in-house-developed computational pipeline translated genetic data into an IBD pharmacogenetic passport that predicted risks for thiopurine toxicity and immunogenicity of TNFα antagonists per patient. Using pharmacogenetic-guided treatment guidelines, we calculated clinical efficacy estimates for pharmacogenetic testing for IBD. RESULTS Among 710 patients with IBD exposed to thiopurines and/or TNFα antagonists, 150 adverse drug responses occurred and our pharmacogenetic passport would have predicted 54 (36%) of these. Using a pharmacogenetic passport for IBD that includes genetic variants predictive of thiopurine-induced myelosuppression, thiopurine-induced pancreatitis, and immunogenicity of TNFα antagonists, 24 patients need to be genotyped to prevent one of these adverse drug responses. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the clinical efficacy of a pharmacogenetic passport for IBD. Implementation of such a pharmacogenetic passport into clinical management of IBD may contribute to a reduction in adverse drug responses. © 2020 The Authors. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.AIMS Globally, nearly half of the patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) do not successfully achieve target HbA1c with basal insulin, despite meeting fasting plasma glucose (FPG) targets. In this post hoc analysis of the LixiLan-L study, we determined whether iGlarLixi, a fixed-ratio combination of insulin glargine Gla-100 (iGlar) and the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist lixisenatide (Lixi), addresses the challenge of reducing residual hyperglycemia in patients with T2DM. MATERIALS AND METHODS In LixiLan-L, a randomized, open-label study (NCT02058160), 1018 patients with T2DM on basal insulin for ≥6 months ± oral antidiabetes drugs entered a 6-week run-in period, during which they were switched to and/or optimized for a daily dose of iGlar while continuing only metformin. Post run-in period, 736 patients were then randomized to receive iGlarLixi or were continued on iGlar for 30 weeks ± metformin. Residual hyperglycemia was defined as HbA1c ≥ 7.0% despite an FPG less then 140 mg/dL. RESULTS The proportion of patients with residual hyperglycemia was similar in both treatment arms at screening (~42%), and increased post run-in period (~62%). After 30 weeks, the proportion of patients with residual hyperglycemia declined to 23.8% in the iGlarLixi vs. 47.1% in the iGlar arm (p less then 0.0001). The proportion of patients achieving both HbA1c ( less then 7.0%) and FPG ( less then 140 mg/dL) targets was higher in the iGlarLixi compared with the iGlar arm (50.3% vs. 27.4%, respectively, p less then 0.0001). CONCLUSION iGlarLixi effectively reduces residual hyperglycemia in patients with T2DM on basal insulin therapy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Fibroblasts are a key component of the tumor microenvironment (TME) that can serve as a scaffold for tumor cell migration and augment the tumor’s ability to withstand harsh conditions. When activated by external or endogenous stimuli, normal fibroblasts become cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs), a heterogeneous group of stromal cells in the tumor that are phenotypically and epigenetically different from normal fibroblasts. Dynamic crosstalk between cancer cells, immune cells, and CAFs through chemokines and surface signaling makes the TME conducive to tumor growth. When activated, CAFs promote tumorigenesis and metastasis through several phenomena including regulation of tumor immunity, metabolic reprogramming of the TME, extracellular matrix remodeling and contraction, and induction of therapeutic resistance. Ionizing radiation (radiation theraphy [RT]) is a potent immunological stimulant that has been shown to increase cytotoxic Teff infiltration and IFN-I stimulated genes. RT, however, is unable to overcome the infiltration and activation of immunosuppressive cells which can contribute to tumor progression. Another paradox of RT is that, while very effective at killing cancer cells, it can contribute to the formation of CAFs. This review examines how the interplay between CAFs and immune cells during RT contributes to organ fibrosis, immunosuppression, and tumor growth. We focus on targeting mechanistic pathways of CAF formation as a potentially effective strategy not only for preventing organ fibrosis, but also in hampering tumor progression in response to RT. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Fragment-based lead discovery has become a fundamental approach to identify ligands that efficiently interact with disease-relevant targets. Among the numerous screening techniques, fluorine-detected NMR has gained popularity owing to its high sensitivity, robustness, and ease of use. To effectively explore chemical space, a universal NMR experiment, a rationally designed fragment library, and a sample composition optimized for a maximal number of compounds and minimal measurement time are required. Here, we introduce a comprehensive method that enabled the efficient assembly of a high-quality and diverse library containing nearly 4000 fragments and screening for target-specific binders within days. At the core of the approach is a novel broadband relaxation-edited NMR experiment that covers the entire chemical shift range of drug-like 19F motifs in a single measurement. Our approach facilitates the identification of diverse binders and the fast ligandability assessment of new targets. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Lithium-chalcogen batteries are an appealing choice for high-energy-storage technology. However, the traditional battery that employs liquid electrolytes suffers irreversible loss and shuttle of the soluble intermediates. New batteries that adopt Li+ -conductive polymer electrolytes to mitigate the shuttle problem are hindered by incomplete discharge of sulfur/selenium. To address the trade-off between energy and cycle life, a new electrolyte is proposed that reconciles the merits of liquid and polymer electrolytes while resolving each of their inferiorities. An in situ interfacial polymerization strategy is developed to create a liquid/polymer hybrid electrolyte between a LiPF6 -coated separator and the cathode. A polymer-gel electrolyte in situ formed on the separator shows high Li+ transfer number to serve as a chemical barrier against the shuttle effect. Between the gel electrolyte and the cathode surface is a thin gradient solidification layer that enables transformation from gel to liquid so that the liquid electrolyte is maintained inside the cathode for rapid Li+ transport and high utilization of active materials.