It is possible that this deficiency is also applicable to many other disease states. By collaborating with healthcare providers and other stakeholders, such as community leaders and elected officials, we can develop culturally appropriate services specific to this population, to address these barriers to healthcare services.

Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is a chronic condition requiring repeated treatment and endoscopic examinations that can occur life-long. In this context, patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are important considerations to patients and managing clinicians. We undertook a systematic review to synthesise PRO results relevant to NMIBC treatment to explore trajectories overtime and differences between treatment options.

We searched databases AMED, MEDLINE, EMbase, PsycINFO, Web of Knowledge and Scopus (inception to 5th December 2019), reference lists and contactedkey authors to identify studies that reported PROs after NMIBC treatment. Two reviewers independently applied inclusion and quality criteria and extracted findings. Results for PROs were synthesised for treatment groups across three time periods acute/during induction therapy; during maintenance therapy; and long-term follow-up (> 1year).

Of 3193 papers screened, 29 were eligible. These provided evidence about induction treatment effectsts to prepare patients for short-term sequelae and enable those with treatment options to exercise preferences in choosing among them. However, gaps in current evidence limit our understanding of PRO trajectories from diagnosis through to long-term survivorship and treatment effects.

Although bile duct resection (BDR) in addition to pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is considered a surgical approach in patients with middle-third cholangiocarcinoma (MCC), available prognostic information after BDR remains very limited. The aim of this study was to reappraise BDR from the viewpoint of surgical oncology.

Patients who underwent BDR or PD for MCC between 2001 and 2010 at 32 Japanese hospitals were included. Clinicopathological factors were retrospectively compared according to surgical procedure to identify a subset cohort who benefited most from BDR.

During the study, 92 patients underwent BDR (n = 38) or PD (n = 54). BDR was characterized by a shorter operation time, less blood loss, less frequent complications, and lower mortality, than PD. The incidence of positive surgical margins was 26.3% versus 5.6% (P = 0.007). The survival rate after BDR was significantly worse than that after PD 38.8% versus 54.8% at 5years (P = 0.035), and BDR was independently associated with deteriorated survival [hazard ratio (HR), 1.76; P = 0.023] by multivariable analysis. In the BDR group, tumor length < 15mm (HR, 3.38; P = 0.017) and ductal margin length ≥ 10mm (HR, 2.54; P = 0.018) were independent positive prognostic factors. Stratified by these two favorable factors, the 5-year survival rate was 63.0% in patients with 1/2 factors and 6.7% in those with 0 factors (P < 0.001).

In patients with MCC, BDR provided a better short-term and a worse long-term outcome than PD. However, patient selection using tumor length and ductal margin length may allow a favorable survival probability even after BDR.

In patients with MCC, BDR provided a better short-term and a worse long-term outcome than PD. However, patient selection using tumor length and ductal margin length may allow a favorable survival probability even after BDR.

Radioembolization is an established treatment modality in colorectal cancer patients with liver-dominant disease in a salvage setting. Selection of patients who will benefit most is of vital importance. The aim of this study was to assess response (and mode of progression) at 3 months after radioembolization and the impact of baseline characteristics.

Three months after radioembolization with either yttrium-90 resin/glass or holmium-166, anatomic response, according to RECIST 1.1, was evaluated in 90 patients. Correlations between baseline characteristics and efficacy were evaluated. For more detailed analysis of progressive disease as a dismal clinical entity, distinction was made between intra- and extrahepatic progression, and between progression of existing metastases and new metastases.

Forty-two patients (47%) had extrahepatic disease (up to five ≥ 1 cm lung nodules, and ≤ 2 cm lymph nodes) at baseline. No patients showed complete response, 5 (5.5%) patients had partial response, 16 (17.8%) had stable disease, and 69 (76.7%) had progressive disease. Most progressive patients (67/69; 97%) had new metastases (intra-hepatic N = 11, extrahepatic N = 32; or both N = 24). Significantly fewer patients had progressive disease in the group of patients presenting without extrahepatic metastases at baseline (63% versus 93%; p = 0.0016). Median overall survival in patients with extrahepatic disease was 6.5 months, versus 10 months in patients without extrahepatic disease at baseline (hazard ratio 1.79, 95%CI 1.24-2.57).

Response at 3-month follow-up and survival were heavily influenced by new metastases. Patients with extrahepatic disease at baseline had a worse outcome compared to patients without.

Response at 3-month follow-up and survival were heavily influenced by new metastases. Patients with extrahepatic disease at baseline had a worse outcome compared to patients without.Accounting for endogeneity, unobserved heterogeneity, and sample selection in an unified framework, we investigate the effect of psychological well-being on wages and labour market participation using a panel from the British Household Panel Survey. We find the effect of psychological well-being on labour market outcomes to differ across gender. In particular, psychological distress significantly reduces participation across genders, but, conditional on participation, has a significant negative effect on hourly wages only in the female sample.

The objective of this study was to develop algorithms to map the EORTC QLQ-C30 (QLQ-C30) onto EQ-5D-5L in a sample of patients with lymphomas.

An online nationwide survey of patients with lymphoma was carried out in China. Ordinary least squares (OLS), beta-based mixture, adjusted limited dependent variable mixture regression, and a Tobit regression model were used to develop the mapping algorithms. The QLQ-C30 subscales/items, their squared and interaction terms, and respondents’ demographic variables were used as independent variables. The root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and R-squared (R

) were estimated based on tenfold cross-validation to assess the predictive ability of the selected models.

Data of 2222/4068 respondents who self-completed the online survey were elicited for analyses. The mean EQ-5D-5L index score was 0.81 (SD 0.21, range -0.81-1.0). 19.98% of respondents reported an index score at 1.0. In total, 72 models were generated based on four regression methods. According to the RMSE, MAE and R

, the OLS model including QLQ-C30 subscales, squared terms, interaction terms, and demographic variables showed the best fit for overall and the Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma sample; for Hodgkin’s lymphoma, the ALDVMM with 1-component model, including QLQ-C30 subscales, squared terms, interaction terms, and demographic variables, showed a better fit than the other models.

The mapping algorithmsenable the EQ-5D-5L index scores to be predicted by QLQ-C30 subscale/item scores with good precision in patients living with lymphomas.

The mapping algorithms enable the EQ-5D-5L index scores to be predicted by QLQ-C30 subscale/item scores with good precision in patients living with lymphomas.

At is one of the ideal nuclides for targeted radionuclide therapies (TRTs). Meta-[

At]astatobenzylguanidine (

At-MABG) has been proposed for the treatment of pheochromocytoma. To effectively use these radiopharmaceuticals, dosimetry must be performed. It is important to determine the absorbed doses of free

At and

At-MABG to determine the organs that may be at risk when using TRTs. The aim of this study was to estimate human dosimetry from preclinical biodistribution of free

At and

At-MABG in various organs in normal mice.

Male C57BL/6 N mice were administered 0.13 MBq of free

At or 0.20 MBq of

At-MABG by tail-vein injection. The mice were sacrificed at 5 min, and at 1, 3, 6, and 24 h after the injection (n = 5 for each group). The percentage of injected activity per mass in organs and blood (%IA/g) was determined. The human absorbed doses of free

At and

At-MABG were calculated using the Organ Level INternal Dose Assessment/EXponential Modeling (OLINDA/EXM) version 2.0 and IDAC-Dose 2.1.

High uptake of free

At was observed in the lungs, spleen, salivary glands, stomach, and thyroid. The absorbed doses of free

At in the thyroid and several tissues were higher than those of

At-MABG. The absorbed doses of

At-MABG in the adrenal glands, heart wall, and liver were higher than those of free

At.

The absorbed doses of

At-MABG in organs expressing the norepinephrine transporter were higher than those of free

At. In addition, the biodistribution of free

At was different from that of

At-MABG. The absorbed dose of free

At may help predict the organs potentially at risk during TRTs using

At-MABG due to deastatination.

The absorbed doses of 211At-MABG in organs expressing the norepinephrine transporter were higher than those of free 211At. In addition, the biodistribution of free 211At was different from that of 211At-MABG. The absorbed dose of free 211At may help predict the organs potentially at risk during TRTs using 211At-MABG due to deastatination.

Well-differentiated liposarcoma, the most common subtype of liposarcoma, should be discriminated from benign lipoma. However, features on sonography for discriminating these two types of tumor have not been fully investigated. The present study was therefore aimed at clarifying differences in sonographic findings between well-differentiated liposarcoma and lipoma.

The study population comprised 23 cases of well-differentiated liposarcoma and 181 cases of lipoma. We investigated differences in sonographic appearance and pathological findings between the two types of tumor.

Well-differentiated liposarcoma tended to develop more frequently in older patients and in the lower extremities including the gluteal region, compared with lipoma. Concerning sonographic findings, both tumors exhibited well-defined margins and heterogeneous internal echogenicity, including typical tiny striated hyperechoic lines. Well-differentiated liposarcoma was characterized by a higher frequency of the following findings compared with lipoma (1) deep location, (2) irregular shape, (3) large diameter, (4) hyperechogenicity compared to surrounding tissue, and (5) presence of vascularity on Doppler sonography (p < 0.01 each). Notably, hyperechogenicity corresponded to the intermingled sclerosing component within the adipocytic component when sonographic findings were compared with those of pathology.

The present study suggests that several sonographic findings including hyperechogenicity and presence of vascularity might be key features for discriminating well-differentiated liposarcoma from lipoma.

The present study suggests that several sonographic findings including hyperechogenicity and presence of vascularity might be key features for discriminating well-differentiated liposarcoma from lipoma.