r CRD42021271278.

The Self-Evaluation of Negative Symptoms Scale (SNS) is a self-report scale that evaluates a patient’s subjective experience on all five domains of the negative symptoms. This study aimed to present the adaptation and validation study of the Turkish version of SNS(SNS-TR).

Seventy-five patients and 50 controls were recruited for this study. After the approval of the translation, participants were asked to fill out SNS-TR by themselves. They were interviewed with the Brief Negative Symptoms Scale (BNSS), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS).

SNS-TR showed good internal consistency in the reliability analysis with Cronbach’s alpha= 0.873. Subscale-total score correlation coefficients were significant (

 < 0.01). In the validity analyses, the total and subscale scores of SNS-TR showed positive correlations with the total and subscales of BNSS, with only one exception of BNSS lack of distress subscales. The total score of SNS-TR demonstratedn easily applicable self-evaluation tool with good psychometric properties for assessing negative symptoms. KEY POINTSSNS is a novel and easily applicable self-report scale for examining negative symptoms in schizophrenia patients, allowing them to evaluate their subjective experience on all five domains of the negative symptoms.It shows good internal consistency (α= 0.873) which is similar to the original version (α = 0.867).Confirmatory factor analysis scores were found in acceptable ranges and SNS-TR confirm the five-factor structure.Using this scale in clinical practice would empower both the physician’s examinations and patient participation through treatment and follow-up course.Previous work has documented adolescents’ gender stereotype endorsement, or the extent to which one believes men or women should embody distinct traits. However, understanding of gender stereotype endorsement in gender diverse adolescents-those who identify as transgender, nonbinary, and/or gender nonconforming-is limited. Gender diverse adolescents’ experiences with gender raise the question of whether they endorse gender stereotypes with the same frequency as cisgender adolescents. In this study, we investigated three primary research questions (1) if gender diverse (N = 144) and cisgender (N = 174) adolescents (13-17 years) and their parents (N = 143 parents of gender diverse adolescents, N = 160 parents of cisgender adolescents) endorse gender stereotypes; (2) whether these groups differed from one another in their endorsement of gender stereotypes; and (3) whether parents’ gender stereotyping was related to either their adolescents’ stereotyping and/or their adolescents’ predictions of their parents’ stereotyping. We found (1) that participants showed low amounts of stereotyping; (2) there were no significant differences between gender stereotype endorsement in gender diverse and cisgender adolescents (or between their parents), though parents endorsed stereotypes slightly less than adolescents; and (3) there was a small positive association between adolescents’ stereotyping and their parents’ gender stereotyping. We discuss the limitations of our methods, and the possibility that rates of explicit stereotype endorsement may be changing over time.The reference sequence of structurally complex regions can only be obtained through a highly accurate clone-based approach that we call Single-Haplotype Iterative Mapping and Sequencing (SHIMS). In recent years, improvements to SHIMS have reduced the cost and time required by two orders of magnitude, but internally repetitive clones still require extensive manual effort to transform draft assemblies into reference-quality finished sequences. Here we describe SHIMS 3.0, using ultra-long nanopore reads to augment the Illumina data from SHIMS 2.0 assemblies and resolve internally repetitive structures. This greatly minimizes the need for manual finishing of Illumina-based draft assemblies, allowing a small team with no prior finishing experience to sequence challenging targets with high accuracy. This protocol proceeds from clone-picking to finished assemblies in 2 weeks for about $80 (USD) per clone. We recently used this protocol to produce reference sequence of structurally complex palindromes on chimpanzee and rhesus macaque X chromosomes. Our protocol provides access to structurally complex regions that would otherwise be inaccessible from whole-genome shotgun data or require an impractical amount of manual effort to generate an accurate assembly.COVID-19 has got us to face a new situation where, for the lack of ready-to-use vaccines, it is necessary to support vaccination with complex non-pharmaceutical strategies. In this paper, we provide a novel Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming formulation for fine-grained optimal intervention planning (i.e., at the level of the single day) against newborn epidemics like COVID-19, where a modified SIR model accounting for heterogeneous population classes, social distancing and several types of vaccines (each with its efficacy and delayed effects), allows us to plan an optimal mixed strategy (both pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical) that takes into account both the vaccine availability in limited batches at selected time instants and the need for second doses while keeping hospitalizations and intensive care occupancy below a threshold and requiring that new infections die out at the end of the planning horizon. In order to show the effectiveness of the proposed formulation, we analyze a case study for Italy with realistic parameters.Valproic acid (VPA) is a widely prescribed drug to treat epilepsy, bipolar disorder, and migraine. If taken during pregnancy, however, exposure to the developing embryo can cause birth defects, cognitive impairment, and autism spectrum disorder. How VPA causes these developmental defects remains unknown. We used embryonic mice and human organoids to model key features of VPA drug exposure, including exencephaly, microcephaly, and spinal defects. In the malformed tissues, in which neurogenesis is defective, we find pronounced induction of cellular senescence in the neuroepithelial (NE) cells. Critically, through genetic and functional studies, we identified p19Arf as the instrumental mediator of senescence and microcephaly, but, surprisingly, not exencephaly and spinal defects. Together, these findings demonstrate that misregulated senescence in NE cells can contribute to developmental defects.

Low birth weight (LBW) is defined as a birth weight less than 2500 g. It is an important predictor of early neonatal mortality, morbidity, and long-term health outcomes. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for low birth weight in Marrakech Morocco.

A retrospective based case-control study was conducted from July 2018 to July 2019. 462 mother infant pairs (231 low birth weight babies as cases and 231 normal birth weights as controls) were included in the study. Data were collected through face to face interview using a structured and pretested questionnaire. The collected data were managed with Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20. Bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with low birth weight at p-value < 0.05 with their respective odds ratios and 95% confidence interval.

The univariate analysis revealed the effect of the following determinants on the LBW rural residence, father’s age, father’s professional activirth weight. The current findings add substantially to the growing literature on the influence of parent’s socio-demographic and cultural factors on LBW in resource-constrained settings and provide empirical data for public health interventions to reduce low birth weight.In repeated interactions, players can use strategies that respond to the outcome of previous rounds. Much of the existing literature on direct reciprocity assumes that all competing individuals use the same strategy space. Here, we study both learning and evolutionary dynamics of players that differ in the strategy space they explore. We focus on the infinitely repeated donation game and compare three natural strategy spaces memory-1 strategies, which consider the last moves of both players, reactive strategies, which respond to the last move of the co-player, and unconditional strategies. These three strategy spaces differ in the memory capacity that is needed. We compute the long term average payoff that is achieved in a pairwise learning process. We find that smaller strategy spaces can dominate larger ones. For weak selection, unconditional players dominate both reactive and memory-1 players. For intermediate selection, reactive players dominate memory-1 players. Only for strong selection and low cost-to-benefit ratio, memory-1 players dominate the others. We observe that the supergame between strategy spaces can be a social dilemma maximum payoff is achieved if both players explore a larger strategy space, but smaller strategy spaces dominate.

This study aimed to determine the knowledge levels of medical interns on childhood cancers (CC).

This study included a total of 302 interns from the Gaziantep University School of Medicine between 15th-20 October 2021. A questionnaire consisting of 47 knowledge questions prepared from the literature was performed to all final year medical students to measure their overall knowledge level. All questions with right answers scored one point.

The knowledge scores of participants ranged between 13 and 47 with a mean score of 37.74±7.51 (women=37.11±7.95, men=38.34±7.03). The knowledge level was similar between men and women (p=0.158). The interns who had completed their final year pediatric internship (p=0.44) and ones who stated that they had recieved adequate training in terms of CC (p=0.011) had significantly higher knowledge scores. Of the risk factors for CC, most commonly known were genetic diseases (n=296, 98.0%) and radiation exposure (n=296, 98.0%). Enlarged lymph nodes (n=290, 96.0%) and palpable aer training. Insufficient familiarity regarding the symptoms of CC may lead to delays in early diagnosis. It is of significant importance that the Ministry of Health and its stakeholders generate projects informing especially the healthcare professionals and the public regarding risk factors and the symptoms of CC.Riverine macrophytes form distinct species groups. Their occurrence is determined by environmental gradients, e.g. in terms of physico-chemistry and hydromorphology. However, the ranges of environmental variables discriminating between species groups („discriminatory ranges”) have rarely been quantified and mainly been based on expert judgement, thus limiting options for predicting and assessing ecosystem characteristics. We used a pan-European dataset of riverine macrophyte surveys obtained from 22 countries including data on total phosphorus, nitrate, alkalinity, flow velocity, depth, width and substrate type. Four macrophyte species groups were identified by cluster analysis based on species’ co-occurrences. These comprised Group 1) mosses, such as Amblystegium fluviatile and Fontinalis antipyretica, Group 2) shorter and pioneer species such as Callitriche spp., Group 3) emergent and floating species such as Sagittaria sagittifolia and Lemna spp., and Group 4) eutraphent species such as Myriophyllum spicatum and Stuckenia pectinata.