. Inappropriate usage of drugs has been shown to be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Our study warrants need for further well-designed studies on adverse pregnancy outcomes in larger patient populations.

Pregnancy registries have been instrumental in detection of signals for further research in drug-related adverse outcomes. Inappropriate usage of drugs has been shown to be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Our study warrants need for further well-designed studies on adverse pregnancy outcomes in larger patient populations.

Menstruation is a normal physiologic phenomenon. Due to lack of awareness regarding menstrual hygiene among adolescent girls in India, majority have unhygienic practices which make them vulnerable to various adverse health and social outcomes.

The aim of this study was to compare the awareness and perception of pre- and postmenarchal adolescent girls regarding menstrual hygiene.

A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted by the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Paediatrics of a Government tertiary care center, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh for 6 months from 1 July 2019 to 31 December 2019.

The study was undertaken among 120 adolescent girls between 09 and 19 years of age. Premenarchal age group was from 9 to 12 years and postmenarchal was 13-19 years. All the adolescent girls who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were subjected to a pretested prevalidated semi-structured questionnaire assessing their awareness and perceptions regarding menstrual hygiene.

Of 120 respondents, 43 girls were aware of menstruation prior to attainment of menarche. Mother was the first informant regarding menstruation in the case of 49 (49.65%) girls. A total of 57 girls believed it as a physiological process. 32 (53.3%) girls knew the use of sanitary pads during menstruation. Regarding restrictions practiced, 136 (85%) girls practiced different restrictions during menstruation.

Adolescent girls, being vulnerable, need to have adequate and correct awareness regarding menstrual hygiene. This will protect them from risk of developing reproductive or sexually transmitted infections (RTI/STI) which is a burden on our society and render many females infertile and cause other adverse health outcomes.

Adolescent girls, being vulnerable, need to have adequate and correct awareness regarding menstrual hygiene. This will protect them from risk of developing reproductive or sexually transmitted infections (RTI/STI) which is a burden on our society and render many females infertile and cause other adverse health outcomes.

Organophosphate compounds (OPC) cause most self-poisoning deaths in India due to their easy availability and lack of stringent laws.

To evaluate the clinical profile and outcome of the patients presenting with OPC poisoning and to study the prognostic value of Peradeniya Organophosphorus Poisoning Scale (POPS) in predicting the clinical outcomes.

This was a prospective study involving 100 patients of OPC poisoning admitted to Tata Main Hospital from June 2018 to May 2020 based on the inclusion criteria. Demographic profile, clinical features, treatment details, and need for ventilatory support were noted. POPS was applied on admission, and the patients were followed up for the outcome in terms of morbidity and mortality.

Of the 100 patients, most patients were between 20 and 29 years with male to female ratio being 1.21. Vomiting (94%), followed by excessive secretions (84%) were the most common symptoms. Overall mortality was 22%. On grading of severity as per the POP scale, 27% of the patients had mild poisoning, 37% patients had moderate, whereas 36% had severe poisoning. Only 11.11% of the patients with POPS 0-3 required ventilator support, whereas 16.2% of the patients with POPS 4-7, and 100% of patients with POPS 8-11 required ventilator assistance (

< 0.0001). Similarly, the total dose of atropine required (

< 0.0001), length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, complications, and mortality (

< 0.0001) were significantly associated with higher POPS.

POPS at admission, correlated well with the need for ventilator support, the total dose of atropine required, length of stay in the ICU, complications, and mortality. It can thus be used for prognostication and risk stratification of patients with OPC poisoning.

POPS at admission, correlated well with the need for ventilator support, the total dose of atropine required, length of stay in the ICU, complications, and mortality. It can thus be used for prognostication and risk stratification of patients with OPC poisoning.

Adherence to antihypertensive therapy is an important factor in determining the clinical course of hypertension. This study was planned to estimate adherence to antihypertensive therapy and its determinants among OPD patients attending two primary care hospitals in Kashmir valley.

This study employed a cross-sectional study design. All subjects who reported to OPD between October and December 2020 and had been prescribed antihypertensive medications for at least 1 year were included. Sociodemographic information was collected on a pretested schedule and adherence to medications was assessed by using the-14 item Hill-Bone HBP Compliance to High Blood Pressure Therapy Scale (HB-HBP). Mann-Whitney test and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient were used.

A total of 406 subjects were included in the final analysis with a mean age of 58 years for women and 56 years for men. The sample comprised 54% women. More than 60% of subjects were currently married, urban area residents, and belonged to middle strata of social class. The mean score obtained in the HB-MAS (maximum score 56) was 19.26 (SD ± 4.3). Subjects aged 60 years and above, those belonging to lower socioeconomic class, and subjects prescribed three or more drugs with more than once-daily dosing regimen had higher odds of having poor adherence.

There is suboptimal adherence among OPD patients at primary care level. There is a need for enhanced counselling regarding medication adherence particularly for elderly, poor, illiterate persons and those prescribed multiple medicines with more than once-daily dosing.

There is suboptimal adherence among OPD patients at primary care level. There is a need for enhanced counselling regarding medication adherence particularly for elderly, poor, illiterate persons and those prescribed multiple medicines with more than once-daily dosing.

As COVID-19 spread across the world, vaccines were developed to fight against the spread of the new disease. Negative attitude and unwillingness to vaccinate when available may be a major hurdle in attaining effective vaccination coverage.

The aim of this study was to assess the attitudes towards the COVID-19 vaccine and identify the predictors of negative attitudes towards the vaccine and identify groups most at risk of uncertainty and unwillingness to receive a COVID-19 vaccine.

General public of Kerala, cross-sectional survey.

The study was conducted in Kerala during the period from 16 January 2021 to 22 February 2021. An online semi-structured questionnaire was sent via google forms with a consent form appended to it. Attitude towards vaccination was measured using a 20-item scale.

Collected data were analysed using SPSS software version 16. Ordinary least-squares (OLS) regressions were carried out to examine socio-demographic predictors of attitude towards vaccination. Multinomial logistic regression model was fitted to examine associations of socio-demographic with uncertainty and disagree to vaccinate against COVID-19.

In this study, 1345 subjects participated. Mean attitude score was 48.68 with SD 13.55. Most of the study subjects were agreeable to take the vaccine once it is available (88.8%). Religion, occupation, and monthly income were found to be the predictors of attitude towards vaccination.

The willingness for vaccine uptake was found to be high in our study. However, other aspects such as doubt regarding its safety, effectiveness and duration of protection are considerable and need to be addressed.

The willingness for vaccine uptake was found to be high in our study. However, other aspects such as doubt regarding its safety, effectiveness and duration of protection are considerable and need to be addressed.

The aim of this study was to determine the perceived frequencies about counseling to obese patients, among physicians stratified by body mass index (BMI), working in primary health care clinics (PHCC) in Aljouf region of Saudi Arabia.

All primary health care physicians in Aljouf region were invited to participate in the study. The study was conducted between January to March 2020. Demographical variables and questions related to counseling for weight loss. Physicians’ BMI and questions related to counseling were analyzed to study the statistical significances.

Of 118 participants majority were under 40 years old (47.5%) while there were 74 (62.7%) males and 44 (37.3%) female physicians in the study. Fifty percent of the study participants were overweight while 16.1% were obese. Significantly high proportion of the participants were agreed that patients are not trust on weight loss advice by overweight/obese physicians (

= 0.014). Secondly, over 90% of respondents were agreed to counsel their patients to do exercise and do dietary adjustments for weight loss however it was not statistically significant.

Participants showed a general agreement that physicians’ own health has significant effect on weight loss counseling provided to the patients. Hence, it is important to improve physicians own health because patients also get inspired by physicians’ health and appearance and that can help to make weight loss counseling more effective and fruitful.

Participants showed a general agreement that physicians’ own health has significant effect on weight loss counseling provided to the patients. Hence, it is important to improve physicians own health because patients also get inspired by physicians’ health and appearance and that can help to make weight loss counseling more effective and fruitful.

A multipurpose health worker (MPHW) is the pivotal functionary and the first point of contact in health care sector. This study explores the work-related activity of MPHWs in the different domains and also assesses their time utilization pattern.

A time and motion study was conducted among 12 multipurpose health care workers (MPHWs) from 10 different Subcenters of block Hazratbal. Participants self-reported their daily activities on a time measurement sheet for 6 days. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel and analyzed using SPSS v25.0. Calculations are based on a total of 544.5 person-hours of observation by ANMs.

Time utilization pattern revealed that ANMs spent one-fourth of their time on maintaining registers. Observations on self-reporting were comparable with that of observations made by external observers.

This study reflects the workload in different domains of MPHWs’ activities and nature of their work, relevance of their job responsibilities in the context to Indian public health standards for their job.

This study reflects the workload in different domains of MPHWs’ activities and nature of their work, relevance of their job responsibilities in the context to Indian public health standards for their job.