The most commonly used patient position was left lateral and most studies did not use any anaesthesia. The dose of BTXA varied (Botox 12-100 units, Dysport 100-500 units) and outcomes measured were heterogeneous (global rating +/- up to 5 investigations). Symptomatic improvement varied between 29.2% and 100% and adverse effects occurred in 0% to 70%. Conclusion The evidence to support using BTX for DD is poor and only covers a transanal approach. Future studies should redress these limitations heterogeneity of design, dose and outcome measures.The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected millions of people in over 180 territories, causing a significant impact on healthcare systems globally. Older adults, as well as people living with cancer, appear to be particularly vulnerable to COVID-19 related morbidity and mortality, which means that older adults with cancer are an especially high-risk population. This has led to significant changes in the way geriatric oncologists provide care to older patients, including the implementation of novel methods for clinical visits, interruptions or delays in procedures, and modification of therapeutic strategies, both in the curative and palliative settings. In this manuscript, we provide a global overview of the perspectives of geriatric oncology providers from countries across Europe, America, and Asia, regarding the adaptive strategies utilized to continue providing high quality care for older patients with cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic. Through these perspectives, we attempt to show that, although each country and setting has specific issues, we all face similar challenges when providing care for our older patients with cancer during these difficult times.A series of Novel Bacterial Topoisomerase Inhibitors (NBTIs) employing a linker derived from isomannide were synthesized and evaluated. Reduced hERG inhibition was observed compared to structure-matched analogues with different linkers, and compound 6 showed minimal proarrhythmic potential using an in vitro panel of cardiac ion channels. Compound 6 also displayed excellent activity against fluoroquinolone-resistant MRSA (MIC90 = 2 μg/mL) and other Gram-positive pathogens.Objectives Periodontal disease (PD) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are chronic immuno-inflammatory conditions with osteolysis being a hallmark feature. The influence of PD on RA’s systemic inflammatory status and disease activity remains unclear. The objective of this study was to assess the systemic inflammation and disease activity of RA under the influence of PD. Methods In this case-control study, 38 RA patients (19 with PD and 19 without PD) were compared to 38 non-RA patients and 12 healthy controls. Periodontal parameters (bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), PPD Total, PPD Disease and marginal bone loss (MBL) were determined. Serological analyses included quantification of 92 inflammatory biomarkers using a multiplex proximity extension assay, anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA), rheumatoid factor (IgM-RF) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). RA disease activity was determined using Disease Activity Score for 28 joints (DAS28). All RA patients were on medication. Results IgM-RF was higher in RA patients with PD. PD conditions were more severe in the non-RA group. Inflammatory biomarkers (IL-10RB, IL-18, CSF-1, NT-3, TRAIL, PD-L1, LIF-R, SLAMF1, FGF-19, TRANCE, CST5, STAMPB, SIRT2, TWEAK, CX3CL1, CXCL5, MCP-1) were significantly higher in RA patients with PD than RA without PD. DAS28 associated with twice as many inflammatory biomarkers in RA patients with PD whereas IgM-RF and ACPA associated more frequently with biomarkers in the RA without PD group. IgM-RF correlated inversely with BOP. Conclusion Periodontal disease augments systemic inflammation in RA. A profound influence exists independent of autoimmune status.The auditory brainstem response (ABR) is a commonly used objective clinical measure for hearing evaluation. It can be also used to draw conclusions about the functioning of distinct stages of the auditory pathway including the binaural processing stages using the binaural interaction component (BIC) of the ABR. Objective To study binaural processing in normal hearing subjects complaining of tinnitus. Methods Sixty cases with bilateral normal peripheral hearing were included in this work, divided into 2 groups, i.e., group 1 (comprised of 30 healthy subjects representing the control group) and group 2 (comprised of 30 subjects with tinnitus representing the study group). All of the subjects were submitted to a basic audiological evaluation (including pure tone audiometry, speech audiometry, and immittancemetry) and ABR audiometry recorded in monaural and then binaural conditions. Results In monaural recording, the tinnitus group showed significantly delayed latencies of waves I, III, and V in addition to significantly reduced wave I and III amplitudes when compared with the controls. Similar significant findings were found when binaural ABR responses were compared between both groups. Comparing BIC between both groups showed significant earlier BIC for latencies of waves I and V in the control group, while the BIC for amplitudes showed similar results in both groups. Conclusions These finding suggest the presence of binaural processing deficits in tinnitus patients at different levels along the ascending auditory pathway.Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is an important public health challenge in Iran that requires a One Health approach to control. Filling information gaps and research needs on different aspects of the disease, including parasite biology, disease ecology, human/animal infection, and administrative issues, is essential to address challenges faced by CE control programs.Cardiac fibroblasts play a key role in the process of myocardial remodeling and myocardial fibrosis, which will eventually lead to heart failure. Quercetin Dihydrate has been studied in cardiovascular disease, but its effect on myocardial fibrosis is not clear. Here, cardiac remodeling was induced by infusion of Ang II (1000 ng/kg/min) for 2 weeks in mice. Quercetin Dihydrate was injected intraperitoneally for 25 mM/kg body weight (BW) once two days. We found that Quercetin Dihydrate significantly reduced cardiac contractile function, fibrosis, inflammation and myocardial hypertrophy induced by Ang II. Quercetin Dihydrate could inhibit the expression of Collagen I and Collagen III, which are the markers of fibroblast differentiation. We also verified the inhibitory effect of Quercetin Dihydrate on the proliferation and differentiation of fibroblasts induced by angiotensin II in vitro. Our results show that quercetin dihydrate plays a key role in the progression of myocardial fibrosis and suggests that Quercetin Dihydrate may be a promising drug for the treatment of myocardial fibrosis.Clinical interest in poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) has increased over the past decade with the recognition of its roles in transcription regulation, DNA repair, epigenetic bookmarking, and chromatin restructuring. A number of PARP-1 inhibitors demonstrating clinical efficacy against tumors of various origins have emerged in recent years. These inhibitors have been essentially designed as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) mimetics. However, because NAD+ is utilized by many enzymes other than PARP-1, NAD+ competitors tend to produce certain off-target effects. To overcome the limitation of NAD-like PARP-1 inhibitors, we have developed a new class of PARP-1 inhibitors that specifically targets the histone-dependent route of PARP-1 activation, a mechanism of activation that is unique to PARP-1. Novel histone-dependent inhibitors are highly specific for PARP-1 and demonstrate promising in vitro and in vivo efficacy against prostate and renal tumors. Our findings suggest that novel PARP-1 inhibitors have strong therapeutic potential for the treatment of urological tumors.Preterm birth research is poised to explore the mental health of adults born very preterm(VP; 1970) included VP/VLBW individuals with controls born at term(≥37+0 weeks) or with normal birth weight(NBW; ≥2500g). Thirteen studies were included. Studies consistently showed an increased risk for psychotropic medication use for VP/VLBW adults in comparison to NBW/term controls, but whether VP/VLBW adults have an increased risk for mental health disorders or symptoms appearing in adulthood remains uncertain. The quality of the evidence was moderate (65.8%) to high (34.2%). Further research in larger samples is needed.Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is considered as a novel second-messenger molecule associated with the modulation of various physiological and pathological processes. In the field of antitumor research, endogenous H2S induces angiogenesis, accelerates the cell cycle and inhibits apoptosis, which results in promoting oncogenesis eventually. Interestingly, high concentrations of exogenous H2S liberated from donors suppress the growth of various tumors via inducing cellular acidification and modulating several signaling pathways involved in cell cycle regulation, proliferation, apoptosis and metastasis. The selective release of certain concentrations of H2S from H2S donors in the target has been considered as an alternative tumor therapy strategy. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), an aggressive subtype with less than one year median survival time, is known to account for approximately 15-20% of all breast cancers. Due to the lack of approved targeted therapy, the clinical treatment of TNBC is still hindered by metastasis as well as recurrence. Significant efforts have been spent on developing novel treatments of TNBC, and remarkable progress in the control of TNBC by H2S donors and their derivatives have been made in recent years. This review summarizes various pathways involved in antitumor and anti-metastasis effects of H2S donors and their derivatives on TNBC, which provides novel insights for TNBC treatment.Female infertility continues to increase in prevalence annually and factors causing it need to be researched. As IL-6-174 G/C polymorphism is known to alter the plasma levels of IL-6, abnormal levels of IL-6 found in infertile females could be due to genetic reasons. With the understanding of the importance of IL-6 in reproductive physiology, several individual studies done so far to find the association of this polymorphism with female infertility related disorders were systematically combined for meta-analysis. Articles were searched using electronic data base sources and were included based on specific criteria. Finally, eight articles which includes polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS; n = 4), endometriosis (n = 3) and tubal damage (n = 1) were selected for the analysis. Results showed statistically significant heterogeneity across studies under the allele model (p less then 0.0001, I2 = 78 %) and dominant model (p less then 0.00001, I2 = 82%) but not under recessive model (p = 0.31, I2 = 16%). This difference could be possibly due to variation in ethnicity, lifestyle, age or BMI related factors. The pooled odds ratio under the three genetic models were 0.87(CI = 0.75-1.02), 0.77 (CI = 0.63-0.94) and 1.05 (CI = 0.76-1.46) respectively. Sub group analysis showed statistical significant (P less then 0.01) for PCOS under allele and dominant model, but not for endometriosis and tubal damage. By this meta-analysis, we can say that IL-6-174 G/C polymorphism can be considered as a potential genetic marker for PCOS but not for endometriosis and tubal damage disorders. However, more studies with adequate sample sizes are required to be done in endometriosis, tubal disease and other female infertility disorders to arrive at a definite conclusion.