In conclusion, metabolomics is a potentially powerful tool to reveal the mechanism information of fish in various exposure environments.

The data on the advantages of intraoperative nerve monitoring (IONM) during pediatric thyroid surgeries are limited. We aimed to study the role of IONM by comparing between children who underwent thyroid surgery with and without IONM.

A retrospective study of all children who underwent thyroid surgery between 2001 and 2019.

The study included 113 patients with 183 recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) at risk. Transient paralysis rate was more than 5-fold lower in the IONM group compared to the control group (1.5% vs 8%; P = .114). Permanent paralysis was documented only in the control group (2.5% vs 0%; P = .552). Children <10 years and those who underwent central neck dissection had significantly higher rates of RLN injury.

IONM was associated with decreased rate of RLN injury during pediatric thyroid surgery and should be considered especially in children under 10 years of age and those undergoing concomitant central neck dissection.

IONM was associated with decreased rate of RLN injury during pediatric thyroid surgery and should be considered especially in children under 10 years of age and those undergoing concomitant central neck dissection.

Pregnant women and new mothers are among the most vulnerable to seasonal influenza; however, little is known about their preferences for flu vaccination. We examined the rural-urban differences in uptake, demand and willingness to pay (WTP) for influenza vaccination among women of childbearing age, to assess the feasibility of implementing locally produced vaccines in Vietnam.

A cross-sectional study was performed in both urban and rural areas of Hanoi in 2018. Socio-demographic characteristics, history of vaccination, demand and WTP for influenza vaccines were obtained. A multivariate logistic regression model was employed to identify the associated factors.

Of 750 participants, 29.9% had had flu shots in the current or previous flu season and 64.3% indicated demand for this vaccine. The median of the maximum amount of WTP for influenza vaccination services was US$ 8.5 (IQR 8.5-17.0). Women living in rural areas had a significantly lower uptake and higher demand, and were willing to pay less than women in urban locations (21.1% vs. 36.6%; 69% vs. 60.2%; and US $8.5 vs. US $11.7, respectively). For urban participants, factors associated with higher demand and WTP for flu shots included having ANC in health facilities and having been vaccinated against influenza in the past; for rural women, these factors were having suffered from influenza and hearing about it.

This study informs the feasibility of implementing locally produced influenza vaccines in Vietnam. Educational programs, along with counselling services and government subsidies, should be implemented to improve the coverage, demand and WTP for the vaccine.

This study informs the feasibility of implementing locally produced influenza vaccines in Vietnam. Educational programs, along with counselling services and government subsidies, should be implemented to improve the coverage, demand and WTP for the vaccine.Giant cells (GC) are a poorly understood subset of tumor cells that have been increasingly recognized as a potential contributor to tumor heterogeneity and treatment resistance. We aimed to characterize the biological and clinical significance of GC in angiosarcoma, an aggressive rare cancer of endothelial origin. Archival angiosarcoma samples were examined for the presence of GC and compared with clinicopathological as well as NanoString gene expression data. GC were examined in angiosarcoma cell lines MOLAS and ISOHAS using conventional and electron microscopy, single cell whole genome profiling, and other assays. In the cell lines, GC represented a rare population of mitotically active, non-senescent CD31+ cells, and shared similar genomic profiles with regular-sized cells, consistent with a malignant endothelial phenotype. GC remained viable and persisted in culture following exposure to paclitaxel and doxorubicin. In patient samples, GC were present in 24 of 58 (41.4%) cases. GC was correlated with poorer responses to chemotherapy (25.0% vs 73.3%, P = 0.0213) and independently contributed to worse overall survival outcomes (hazard ratio 2.20, 95% confidence interval 1.17-4.15, P = 0.0142). NanoString profiling revealed overexpression of genes, including COL11A1, STC1, and ERO1A, accompanied by upregulation of immune-related metabolic stress and metastasis/matrix remodeling pathways in GC-containing tumors. In conclusion, GC may contribute to chemoresistance and poor prognosis in angiosarcoma.Time is a fundamental dimension of all biological events and it is often assumed that animals have the capacity to track the duration of experienced events (known as interval timing). Animals can potentially use temporal information as a cue during foraging, communication, predator avoidance, or navigation. Interval timing has been traditionally investigated in controlled laboratory conditions but its ecological relevance in natural environments remains unclear. While animals may time events in artificial and highly controlled conditions, they may not necessarily use temporal information in natural environments where they have access to other cues that may have more relevance than temporal information. Herein we critically evaluate the ecological contexts where interval timing has been suggested to provide adaptive value for animals. We further discuss attributes of interval timing that are rarely considered in controlled laboratory studies. Finally, we encourage consideration of ecological relevance when designing future interval-timing studies and propose future directions for such experiments.Considerable progress has been made in understanding the physiological basis for variation in the life-history patterns of animals, particularly with regard to the roles of oxidative stress and hormonal regulation. However, an underappreciated and understudied area that could play a role in mediating inter- and intraspecific variation of life history is endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and the resulting unfolded protein response (UPRER ). ER stress response and the UPRER maintain proteostasis in cells by reducing the intracellular load of secretory proteins and enhancing protein folding capacity or initiating apoptosis in cells that cannot recover. Proper modulation of the ER stress response and execution of the UPRER allow animals to respond to intracellular and extracellular stressors and adapt to constantly changing environments. ER stress responses are heritable and there is considerable individual variation in UPRER phenotype in animals, suggesting that ER stress and UPRER phenotype can be subjected toR stress and the UPRER in mediating the aforementioned life-history traits in free-living animals. We propose that there is a need to conduct experiments pertaining to ER stress and the UPRER in ecologically relevant settings, to characterize variation in ER stress and the UPRER in free-living animals, and to relate the observed variation to key life-history traits. We urge others to integrate multiple physiological systems and investigate how interactions between ER stress and oxidative stress shape life-history trade-offs in free-living animals.

The purpose of this study was to establish a simple method to distinguish premature ventricular contractions (PVC) from premature atrial contractions (PAC) using a fetal Doppler ultrasound arterial pulse waveform to measure time intervals between sinus node restarting.

We retrospectively identified 14 fetuses with premature contraction (8 with PAC, 6 with PVC). We measured two distinct parts of time intervals using an arterial pulsed-wave Doppler the two consecutive waveforms just before the premature contraction (2-V interval) and two consecutive waveforms including the premature contraction (XV interval) to measure time intervals between sinus node restarting. We then evaluated the time difference between the 2-V and XV intervals in PVC compared to PAC.

For PVC, the difference between the 2-V interval and the XV interval was significantly shorter than that for PAC. A cut-off point of 33 ms, where a difference ≤33 ms was clearly shown to be associated with a PVC and a difference more than 33 ms signified a PAC was demonstrated.

The 2-V and XV interval measurements, used to measure time intervals between sinus node restarting, could easily distinguish PVC from PAC in utero. Therefore, this study could potentially be a feasible and effective method for obstetricians or sonographers to employ usefully.

The 2-V and XV interval measurements, used to measure time intervals between sinus node restarting, could easily distinguish PVC from PAC in utero. Therefore, this study could potentially be a feasible and effective method for obstetricians or sonographers to employ usefully.Deep learning approaches are widely used to search molecular structures for a candidate drug/material. The basic approach in drug/material candidate structure discovery is to embed a relationship that holds between a molecular structure and the physical property into a low-dimensional vector space (chemical space) and search for a candidate molecular structure in that space based on a desired physical property value. Deep learning simplifies the structure search by efficiently modeling the structure of the chemical space with greater detail and lower dimensions than the original input space. In our research, we propose an effective method for molecular embedding learning that combines variational autoencoders (VAEs) and metric learning using any physical property. Our method enables molecular structures and physical properties to be embedded locally and continuously into VAEs’ latent space while maintaining the consistency of the relationship between the structural features and the physical properties of molecules to yield better predictions.The popularity of natural medicine is growing worldwide. Unlike conventional licensed medicines, herbal medicine practices are usually not supported by effectiveness, efficacy, or safety studies, which raise concerns about potential risks involved in their usage, particularly in high-risk patients such as pregnant women where teratogenicity is a concern. Despite a lack of science-based evidence, the use of herbal products for the management of pregnancy-associated challenges is common, due to the common notion that they are free of toxic effects and adverse reactions because they are „natural.” The lack of concern about utilizing herbal remedies during pregnancy is strengthened by the lack of regulation in most countries for their marketing. However, plant-based remedies are not free of adverse reactions. Medicinal plants and herbal remedies contain substances that can be toxic to the human body and the fetus. Potential effects of indiscriminate use of medicinal plants are embryotoxicity, teratogenic, and abonimal studies of these plants is summarized. The literature reviewed suggests that consumption of the following medicinal plants should be avoided during pregnancy Abrus precatorius, Achyranthes aspera, Ailanthus excelsa, Aloe vera, Aristolochia indica, Areca catechu, Bambusa vulgaris, Cassia occidentalis, Cicer arietinum, Cimicifuga racemose, Dolichandrone falcate, Ginkgo biloba, Hydrastis canadensis, Indigofera trifoliate, Lavandula latifolia, Maytenus ilicifolia, Momordica cymbalaria, Moringa oleifera, Musa rosacea, Oxalis corniculate, Phytolacca dodecandra, Plumeria rubra, Ricinus communis, Ruta graveolens, Stachys lavandulifolia, Senna alata, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Vitus agnus-castus, and Valeriana officinalis.