hout COVID-19 and other health care systems. Future research is needed to determine the effectiveness, costs, and downstream effects of our novel approach to acute rehabilitation for patients with COVID-19.

Pure erythroid leukemia (PEL) is exceptionally rare in the pediatric setting. Four pediatric PEL cases with t(1;16)(p31;q24) NFIA-CBFA2T3 were reported previously. We present a case of an infant with PEL presenting with erythroblastic sarcoma and harboring a novel t(1;8)(p31.3;q21.3) NFIA-RUNX1T1 fusion detected by RNA sequencing and conventional karyotype.

Bone marrow (BM) and abdominal mass biopsies from the patient were evaluated with extensive immunohistochemical, flow cytometric, cytogenetic, and molecular studies.

The patient was a female infant who presented between 2 and 5 months of age with cytopenias and an enlarging abdominal mass. Blasts in the BM and abdominal mass expressed CD71 and CD117 with focal expression of CD43, E-cadherin, epithelial membrane antigen, and hemoglobin A. They were negative for additional myeloid, lymphoid, and nonhematolymphoid markers. These findings were most consistent with PEL and erythroblastic sarcoma. RNA sequencing revealed the novel NFIA-RUNX1T1 fusion.

Along with the previously reported PELs with NFIA-CBFA2T3 fusions, we describe a subset of PELs that occur in children, that frequently display extramedullary disease, and that harbor rearrangements of NFIA with core binding factor genes. We hypothesize that, together, these cases represent a rare but distinct clinicopathologic group of pediatric PELs with recurrent genetic abnormality.

Along with the previously reported PELs with NFIA-CBFA2T3 fusions, we describe a subset of PELs that occur in children, that frequently display extramedullary disease, and that harbor rearrangements of NFIA with core binding factor genes. We hypothesize that, together, these cases represent a rare but distinct clinicopathologic group of pediatric PELs with recurrent genetic abnormality.

Are live birth (LB) and perinatal outcomes affected by the use of frozen own versus frozen donor oocytes?

Treatment cycles using frozen own oocytes have a lower LB rate but a lower risk of low birth weight (LBW) as compared with frozen donor oocytes.

A rising trend of oocyte cryopreservation has been noted internationally in the creation of donor oocyte banks and in freezing own oocytes for later use in settings of fertility preservation and social egg freezing. Published literature on birth outcomes with frozen oocytes has primarily utilised data from donor oocyte banks due to the relative paucity of outcome data from cycles using frozen own oocytes.

This was a retrospective cohort study utilising the anonymised database of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority, which is the statutory regulator of fertility treatment in the UK. We analysed 988015 IVF cycles from the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA) register from 2000 to 2016. Perinatal outcomes were assessed from singletterious effect on perinatal outcomes.

No specific funding was sought for the study. The authors have no relevant conflicts of interest.

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What is the global variability in recurrent implantation failure (RIF) definition, investigation and therapy, currently offered to patients undergoing IVF?

Definitions, diagnostic investigations and treatments offered to RIF patients differ widely amongst assisted reproduction healthcare professionals and clinical guidelines on RIF are urgently needed.

RIF affects around 10% of patients undergoing IVF worldwide. There is no consensus on the definition of RIF, its diagnostic investigations or the therapeutic options, which leads to inconsistencies in clinical practice.

A cross-sectional study of clinicians and embryologists was conducted between May and June 2020. The survey included 43 questions aimed at understanding participants’ background and their current practice with regards to defining, investigating and managing RIF. The questions were designed by the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) Special Interest Group (SIG) on implantation and early pregnancy following three GGG) and an editorial board member of the following journals American Journal of Reproductive Immunology (AJRI), Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. All the other authors declare no conflict of interest.

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N/A.As this extraordinary year, blemished by COVID-19, comes to an end, I look back as Editor-in-Chief to the many great successes and new initiatives of Clinical Science. Despite the challenges we all faced during 2020, our journal has remained strong and vibrant. While we have all adapted to new working conditions, with life very different to what it was pre-COVID-19, the one thing that remains intact and secure is the communication of scientific discoveries through peer-reviewed journals. I am delighted to share with you some of the many achievements of our journal over the past year and to highlight some exciting new activities planned for 2021.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with an increased risk of thromboembolism, which can be significantly reduced with anticoagulant treatment. Key goals in the clinical management of AF are the identification of patients at high risk for developing AF and accurate stratification of the risk of stroke and systemic embolic events (S/SEE) as well as treatment-related major bleeding.

In this review, we describe the expanding evidence regarding the use of circulating biomarkers for predicting the risks of both incident AF and its clinically important complications of S/SEE and treatment-related major bleeding. We also review emerging biomarker-based scores for assessing these risks.

Patients with AF undergo progressive cardiac structural remodeling, which may precede the onset of the arrhythmia. Abnormal concentrations of circulating biomarkers reflecting the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms of hemodynamic stress (i.e., natriuretic peptides), inflammation (i.e., C-reactive protein), and myocardial c peptides), inflammation (i.e., C-reactive protein), and myocardial fibrosis identify patients at higher risk of developing AF. Circulating biomarkers can also be used to identify patients with AF who are at greatest risk for developing S/SEE or major bleeding. In particular, biomarkers of hemodynamic stress, myocardial injury (i.e., cardiac troponin), and coagulation activity (i.e., D-dimer) are key indicators of thromboembolic risk, and cardiac troponin and growth-differentiation factor-15 are strongly associated with risk of anticoagulant-related major bleeding. The biomarker-based age, biomarker, clinical history (ABC)-stroke and ABC-bleeding risk scores improve risk stratification for S/SEE and major bleeding, respectively, when compared with traditional clinical risk scores like the CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED scores.Billions of people are affected by fungal infection worldwide, which is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in humans. Regardless of development in the field of antifungal therapeutics over the last three decades, multidrug resistance and limited efficacy of available antifungal drugs are very prominent and still a great hurdle in the patient treatment. The current antifungal pipeline is dry, which is needed to be strengthened. Although several strategies have been implemented over time to discover novel promising antifungal leads, but very little emphasis has been given to address the gap of fungal target identification. Undeniably, the need for identifying novel cellular fungal targets is as vital as discovering novel antifungal leads and a structural bioinformatics approach could be an effective strategy in this regard. To address the issue, we have performed in silico screening to identify a few potent multiple targeting ligands and their respective antifungal targets. Thus, we offer a perspective on the phenomena of 'target shortage’ and least explored 'multiple targeting’ being the most underrated challenges in antifungal drug discovery. 'Structural bioinformatics’ could be an effective approach in the recognition of new/innovative antifungal target and identification/development of novel antifungal lead molecule aiming multiple molecular targets of the fungal pathogen.Carpenter ants (genus Camponotus) are considered to be predominantly omnivorous, mixing several feeding habits that include predation, scavenging of animal matter, and plant-derived resources. Nitrogen acquisition is crucial for the nutritional ecology of ant colonies because growing larvae require sustainable protein provisioning. Here, we investigate the foraging ecology and the spatial nesting structure of the carpenter ant, Camponotus leydigi Forel, in Brazilian cerrado savanna. By marking workers from different nests with distinct colors, we revealed that C. leydigi occupies physically separated but socially connected nests (up to 30 m apart), a phenomenon known as polydomy. Observational data on aboveground internest movements in C. leydigi corroborate cooperative exchanges between nest units and confirm several types of social connections, including internest transfer of liquid and solid food, transport of colony members (brood, workers), movement of solitary workers, and internest recruitment. Polydomous C. leydigi allocate foragers throughout 1,700 m2, feeding mostly on termites and plant-derived exudates. Influx of exudates is threefold higher compared with solid food. Uric acid pellets excreted by lizards comprise 20% of the solid diet in C. leydigi, a rare quantitative assessment of this peculiar type of nitrogen complementation in ants. Based on video recordings, we hypothesize that nest decentralization in C. leydigi may reduce foraging constraints caused by overt interference by the aggressive ant, Ectatomma brunneum Smith, F. (Hymenoptera Formicidae), which regularly blocks nest entrances. Our field study enhances the importance of natural history data to clarify selective pressures underlying the evolution of particular behavioral patterns (nutritional and nesting habits) in ants.

Data regarding the effects of regular alcohol consumption on cardiac anatomy and function are scarce. Therefore, we sought to determine the relationship between regular alcohol intake and cardiac structure and function as evaluated with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.

Participants of the UK Biobank who underwent cardiac magnetic resonance were enrolled in our analysis. Data regarding regular alcohol consumption were obtained from questionnaires filled in by the study participants. Exclusion criteria were poor image quality, missing, or incongruent data regarding alcohol drinking habits, prior drinking, presence of heart failure or angina, and prior myocardial infarction or stroke. Overall, 4335 participants (61.5 ± 7.5 years, 47.6% male) were analysed. We used multivariate linear regression models adjusted for age, ethnicity, body mass index, smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, physical activity, cholesterol level, and Townsend deprivation index to examine the relationship between regular alcohout not in women, whereas alcohol intake showed an association with increased left atrium volume in women. Our results suggest that there is only minimal relationship between regular alcohol consumption and cardiac morphology and function in an asymptomatic middle-aged population.