Evidence on the comprehensive role of lifestyle in frailty risk is scarce. To assess the association between a lifestyle-based Healthy Heart Score (HHS), which estimates the 20-year risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and risk of frailty among older women.

Prospective cohort study in 121,700 nurses from the USA participating at the Nurses’ Health Study. This study included 68,416 women aged ≥60year with a follow-up from 1990 to 2014. The HHS was computed using the gender-specific beta-coefficients of the nine lifestyle factors, including current smoking, high body mass index, low physical activity, lack of moderate alcohol intake and unhealthy diet. Frailty incidence was assessed every 4years from 1992 to 2014 as having ≥3 of the following five criteria from the FRAIL scale fatigue, low strength, reduced aerobic capacity, having ≥5 illnesses and weight loss ≥5%.

During 22years of follow-up, 11,041 total incident cases of frailty were ascertained. Compared to women in the lowest quintile of the HHS (lowest estimated CVD risk), the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio of frailty across quintiles was Q21.67 (95% confidence interval 1.53, 1.82); Q3 2.34 (2.15, 2.53); Q4 3.54 (3.28, 3.83) and Q5 5.92 (5.48, 6.38); P-trend > 0.001. Results were consistent for each frailty criterion, among participants with 0 frailty criteria at baseline, when using only baseline exposure or in 6-year-, 10-year- and 14-year-exposure lagged analyses, and after excluding participants with diabetes and CVD at baseline.

The HHS, based on a set of modifiable-lifestyle factors, is strongly associated with risk of frailty in older women.

The HHS, based on a set of modifiable-lifestyle factors, is strongly associated with risk of frailty in older women.

health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is an important patient-centred outcome in patients surviving ICU admission for COVID-19. It is currently not clear which domains of the HRQoL are most affected.

to quantify HRQoL in order to identify areas of interventions.

prospective observation study.

admissions to European ICUs between March 2020 and February 2021.

patients aged 70years or older admitted with COVID-19 disease.

collected determinants include SOFA-score, Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), number and timing of ICU procedures and limitation of care, Katz Activities of Daily Living (ADL) dependence score. HRQoL was assessed at 3months after ICU admission with the Euro-QoL-5D-5L questionnaire. An outcome of ≥4 on any of Euro-QoL-5D-5L domains was considered unfavourable.

in total 3,140 patients from 14 European countries were included in this study. Three months after inclusion, 1,224 patients (39.0%) were alive and the EQ-5D-5L from was obtained. The CFS was associated with an increased odds ratio for an unfavourable HRQoL outcome after 3months; OR 1.15 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.71-1.87) for CFS 2 to OR 4.33 (95% CI 1.57-11.9) for CFS ≧ 7. The Katz ADL was not statistically significantly associated with HRQoL after 3months.

in critically ill old intensive care patients suffering from COVID-19, the CFS is associated with the subjectively perceived quality of life. The CFS on admission can be used to inform patients and relatives on the risk of an unfavourable qualitative outcome if such patients survive.

in critically ill old intensive care patients suffering from COVID-19, the CFS is associated with the subjectively perceived quality of life. The CFS on admission can be used to inform patients and relatives on the risk of an unfavourable qualitative outcome if such patients survive.Supramolecular polymer gels are an evolving class of soft materials with a vast number of properties that can be tuned to desired applications. Despite continuous advances concerning polymer synthesis, sustainability or adaptability, a consistent understanding of the interplay between structure, dynamics, and diffusion processes within transient networks is lacking. In this study, the hierarchy of several relaxation processes is investigated, starting from a microscopic perspective of a single sticker dissociation event up to the center-of-mass diffusion of a star-shaped polymer building block on different length scales, as well as the resulting macroscopic mechanical response to applied external stress. In addition to that, a second focus is placed on the gel micro-structure that is analyzed by light scattering. Conversion of the dynamic light scattering (DLS) inverse length scale into real space allows for a combination of relaxation times with those obtained by forced Rayleigh scattering (FRS). For these investigations, a model-type metallo-supramolecular network consisting of narrowly dispersed tetra-arm poly(ethylene glycol)-terpyridine macromolecules that are interconnected via complexation with zinc ions is chosen. Assembling the obtained activation energies reveals that all complex dissociation-governed relaxation processes exhibit similar activation energies.This technical note illustrates the possibility of using a conductivity cell electrode (CCE) as an ion chromatography (IC) detector to extend the application fields of this analytical technique. A conventional non-suppressed IC system consists of an eluent delivery pump, a separation column, column oven, and conductivity detector (CD). In this study, the conventional CD, which is one of the expensive parts of the instrument, is replaced with a relatively inexpensive CCE, leading to comparable peak resolution, detection sensitivity, and relative standard deviation. The separation effectiveness was retained and the developed IC-CCE system was successfully applied to the simultaneous separation of inorganic anions (SO42-, Cl-, and NO3-) and cations (Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+) in three natural mineral water samples, with good accordance between the monitored values obtained using the CCE and CD. The commercially available CCE is potentially suitable for application as an IC detector for monitoring ionic components with overall IC cost reduction.Differential ion mobility (DMS) is a versatile ion separation method that is often integrated with mass spectrometry (MS). In DMS, extremely high electric fields are used such that ion mobility depends non-linearly on electric field and thus, ion separations can be more orthogonal to MS than lower field ion mobility-based methods. DMS can have sufficiently high resolution to be used for enantiomer analysis of small molecules and to separate protein ions with peak widths comparable to those obtained for peptides. However, the performance of high resolution DMS-MS can be limited owing to the substantial loss of ions (>10-fold) that can occur upon their transfer from atmospheric pressure (where DMS separation typically occurs) to vacuum through a narrow conductance limited inlet (e.g. capillary) to the MS. Here, results from simulated ion trajectory simulations suggest that in high resolution DMS most ions can be lost by 'crashing’ onto the narrow capillary inlet after exiting the DMS separation channel. To enhance DMS sensitivity and resolving power, an integrated DMS-MS interface concept is reported that consists of a slit electrode and a 12-electrode atmospheric pressure ion funnel (APIF). By using an APIF with slit entrance, the simulated ion transmission efficiencies increase by up to 257% for singly charged ions ([DMMP + H]+, [tryptophan + H]+, and [(2-dodecanone)2 + H]+) and by 209% for [ubiquitin + 12H]12+, without compromising resolving power. The use of APIF improves the ion focussing from the DMS exit to the MS capillary to improve sensitivity, and the slit ensures that ion dispersion in the analytically relevant direction perpendicular to the DMS electrodes is restricted to enhance resolution. By narrowing the slit of the DMS-Slit-APIF interface, the DMS resolving power can be increased further by at least 20%. Overall, these results indicate that the integrated DMS-Slit-APIF interface is promising for improving the sensitivity and resolution for many different types of DMS-MS experiments.The orientational alignment of graphene oxide membranes was determined quantitatively using the spin probe technique; the values of the orientational order parameters up to the 6th rank were obtained. It was shown that nitroxide probes as well as Cu(II) complexes adequately reflect the alignment of the membranes. It was estimated that the orientational alignment of the membranes prepared by vacuum filtration using the same material can be significantly different. The membrane prepared by drying the graphite oxide suspension has a very poor orientational alignment in comparison with the membranes prepared by vacuum filtration.Correction for 'Chestnut polysaccharides restore impaired spermatogenesis by adjusting gut microbiota and the intestinal structure’ by Zhong-Yi Sun et al., Food Funct., 2022, 13, 425-436, DOI 10.1039/D1FO03145G.In this work, we demonstrate that the performance of c-Si/ZnO heterojunction ultrathin-film solar cells (SCs) is enhanced by an integrated structure of c-Si trapezoidal pyramids on the top of a c-Si active layer and Al pyramids in the active layer on the Al back electrode. The top c-Si trapezoidal pyramid (TTP) increases the absorption of short wavelengths by lengthening the propagation distance of incident light and coupling the incident light into photonic modes in the active layer. The bottom Al pyramid (BP) improves the overall optical absorption performance especially for the long wavelength band by forming the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) mode in the active layer. As a result, the average absorption in the entire wavelength range (300-1400 nm) reaches 93.16%. The optimized short-circuit current density (Jsc) and photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of ultra-thin film c-Si/ZnO SCs are 41.94 mA cm-2 and 18.97%, respectively. Moreover, the effect of different illumination angles on the optical absorption of the SCs was explored. The SCs have good absorption when the incident angles are in the range from 0 degrees to 60 degrees. Furthermore, the underlying mechanism for the enhancement of photon absorption in the SCs was discussed through careful analysis of the electric field intensity profile at different wavelengths. It was found that the electric field tends to concentrate around the bottom pyramids and top trapezoidal pyramids even for the long-wave band, which results in an excellent light-trapping performance.Live cell discrimination is the first and essential step to understand complex biosystems. Conventional cell discrimination involving various antibodies relies on selective surface biomarkers. Compared to antibodies, the fluorescent probe strategy allows the utilisation of intracellular biomarkers, providing broader options with unique chemical principles to achieve the live cell distinction. In general, fluorescent probes can be retained in cells by interacting with biomolecules, accumulating via transporters, and participating in metabolism. Based on the target difference, fluorescent probe strategy can be divided into several categories protein-oriented live cell distinction (POLD), carbohydrate-oriented live cell distinction (COLD), DNA-oriented live cell distinction (DOLD), gating-oriented live cell distinction (GOLD), metabolism-oriented live cell distinction (MOLD) and lipid-oriented live cell distinction (LOLD). In this review, we will outline the concepts and mechanisms of different strategies, introduce their applications in cell-type discrimination, and discuss their advantages and challenges in this area.