01). Higher scores on HAM-D and fear that MG symptoms will be worse if the patient gets an upper respiratory infection were independent predictors of the lower SF36 scores. Regarding MGQOL15r-independent predictors of the higher score were higher scores on HAM-D.

There is a significant impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on the psychological status and especially on the quality of sleep of MG patients. Healthcare organizations need to provide professional therapeutic advice and psychosocial support for this population of patients during the pandemic.

There is a significant impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on the psychological status and especially on the quality of sleep of MG patients. Healthcare organizations need to provide professional therapeutic advice and psychosocial support for this population of patients during the pandemic.

Studies from the different ethnic regions of the world have reported variable results on association of APOE gene polymorphism in stroke.

The aim of this study is to find out the possible association of APOE polymorphism in stroke patients in ethnic Bengali population.

A prospective case-control study was undertaken in the Department of Neurology, Burdwan Medical College, Burdwan, West Bengal, India, over a period of 3 years.

We collected 10 ml venous blood samples from 148 clinically and radiologically diagnosed acute stroke patients (80 of ischemic stroke and 68 of intracerebral hemorrhage) and consecutive 108 ethnic age- and sex-matched controls, in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid vials after informed written consent. Genomic DNA was prepared at S.N. Pradhan Centre of Neurosciences, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India. Exotic single-nucleotide polymorphisms (rs429358, rs 7412) were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism for genotype of APOE.

The frequencrhagic strokes.

There is significant association of APOE gene polymorphism in stroke patients of ethnic Bengali population. The E4 allele increases significant risk for development of ischemic strokes, and it also plays nonsignificant increase in trend in hemorrhagic strokes.

Despite advances made in the treatment of ischemic stroke, it still remains one of the leading causes of mortality and disability worldwide. The main objective of this study was to identify from a panel of 10 inflammatory markers and chemokines those biomarkers that have a potential predictive role in the evolution of disability and functional dependence in daily activities after an ischemic stroke.

The study included 116 patients with ischemic stroke and 40 healthy volunteers matched for gender and age. Stroke severity was assessed by the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) on admission and during hospitalization and functional mobility in daily activities by Barthel index (BI). Multiplex panel with 10 biomarkers [brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AA, PDGF-AB/BB, neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), cathepsin D, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule (sVCAM), soluble intercellular cell adhesion molecule (sICAM), myeloperoxidase (MPO), regulateels of BDNF, PDGF-AA, and PDGF-AB/BB are independent predictors for functional dependency in daily life activities and may be useful prognostic markers in the evaluation of ischemic stroke patients.

Plasma levels of BDNF, PDGF-AA, and PDGF-AB/BB are independent predictors for functional dependency in daily life activities and may be useful prognostic markers in the evaluation of ischemic stroke patients.

To investigate the association of several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene, and additional gene-environment interaction with ischemic stroke (IS) risk.

Testing for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in controls was conducted using SNPstats (online software http//bioinfo.iconcologia.net/SNPstats). Generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) was used to screen the best interaction combination among four SNPs within MTHFR gene and smoking or alcohol drinking.

The frequency of the rs4846049-A allele was 28.6% in IS patients and 19.1% in normal controls, in addition, the frequency of the rs3737967-T allele was 27.9% in IS patients and 20.3% in normal controls, which was also indicating a statistically significant difference. The rs4846049-A and rs3737967-T were associated with an increased risk of IS risk; adjusted odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence interval [CI]) were 1.76 (1.28-2.13) and 1.51 (1.13-1.97), respectively. GMDR model found significant gene-alcohol drinking interaction combination, but no significant gene-tobacco smoking interaction combinations. In order to obtain the odds ratios and 95% CI for the joint effects of gene-alcohol drinking on IS, we conducted stratified analysis for interaction effect using logistic regression. We found that alcohol drinkers with rs4846049-CA/AA genotype also have the highest IS risk, compared with never drinkers with rs4846049-CC genotype, OR (95% CI) = 3.12 (1.83-4.45), after adjustment for age, smoke, and smoking status.

The rs4846049-A and rs3737967-T, gene-environment interaction between rs1764391 and rs918592, gene-environment interaction between rs4846049 and alcohol drinking were all associated with increased IS risk.

The rs4846049-A and rs3737967-T, gene-environment interaction between rs1764391 and rs918592, gene-environment interaction between rs4846049 and alcohol drinking were all associated with increased IS risk.

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is an important cause of stroke in young and has a favorable outcome. Long-term sequelae of CVST include motor disability, cognitive impairment, depression, anxiety, fatigue, impaired employment and poor quality of life.

To evaluate depression and quality of life after CVST.

Patients who completed at least 1 year after discharge were recruited for this cross-sectional observational study from our CVST cohort. Quality of life was assessed using Stroke-Adapted Sickness Impact Profile (SA-SIP 30) and depression using Hamilton Depression scale (HAM-D).

A total of 100 patients (60 men and 40 women) were included in the study. Their age ranged from 14 to 60 years (34.97 ± 10.06). The interval from discharge to assessment of quality of life was 2.2 ± 1.6 years. In all, 98% of patients had good modified Rankin score at follow-up. SA-SIP 30 did not reveal any functional disability for physical functioning. Seven had impairment for psychosocial domain despite having good modified Rankin scores. Thirty patients had depression. Patients with higher mRS at discharge had increased presence of depression. Quality-of-life scores did not correlate with presence of seizure, headache, infarction and sinuses involved.

This is the first Indian study demonstrating depression in patients with CVST and use of SA-SIP to assess quality of life in them. Occurrence of depression in CVST is as high as in arterial strokes.

This is the first Indian study demonstrating depression in patients with CVST and use of SA-SIP to assess quality of life in them. Occurrence of depression in CVST is as high as in arterial strokes.

Respiratory system involvement and fever are considered as a cardinal manifestation of Covid-19 infection for the screening of case detection. We (India) are into the fourth month of Covid-19 and cases are still rising, this could mean that fever and respiratory symptoms may not be the only initial symptoms. Therefore, we intend to investigate whether neurological symptoms can precede the cardinal symptoms.

Totally, 391 Covid-19 RTPCR positive hospitalized patients were enrolled. All included subjects were presented with a questionnaire pertaining to systemic symptoms. For analysis of the chronology of symptoms, the study population was sub-grouped according to onset of their systemic involvement e.g., (1) Fever (2) Respiratory symptoms (3) Neurological symptoms (4) Gastrointestinal symptoms.

New-onset neurological symptoms were found in 106 (27.1%) out of 391 patients irrespective of their chronology to the onset of other symptoms. Of these 106 patients, altered taste (33.1%), altered smell (24.5%), aning chronology of neurological symptoms with cardinal symptoms.

Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) secondary to infectious aetiology has become rare in the antibiotic era, but is still encountered in clinical practice occasionally. In this study, we describe the clinical profile, diagnosis, and management of patients with CVT secondary to an infectious aetiology.

This retrospective study included all adult patients over 15 years (1 January 2002 to 1 January 2017). Adult patients with a diagnosis of infective CVT secondary to bacterial infections were included in the study.

Totally, 22 patients were identified with CVT complicating bacterial infections. The focus of infection in 12 (54.54%) patients was pyogenic meningitis, 9 (40.9%) patients had a parameningeal focus and one patient developed CVT secondary to bacterial sepsis from a remote focus. Fever was the most common symptom seen in 77.3% followed by headache and depressed sensorium in 72.7% and 63.6%, respectively. The most common organism in the meningitis group was Streptococcus species, and in the parameningeal group was

. At presentation MRI identified CVT in all 7 patients as compared to CT brain with contrast in 2/3 (66.6%). Transverse sinus was the most commonly involved sinus in meningitis. All patients were treated with appropriate antibiotics and anticoagulation was used in 50% of the patients. The in hospital, mortaility was 9%.

Septic CVT, though rare can be a complication of bacterial meningitis and facial infections. Clinical symptoms that suggest a co-existing CVT should be identified and diagnosed at the earliest. The mainstay of treatment is antibiotics; the role of anticoagulation is controversial.

Septic CVT, though rare can be a complication of bacterial meningitis and facial infections. Clinical symptoms that suggest a co-existing CVT should be identified and diagnosed at the earliest. The mainstay of treatment is antibiotics; the role of anticoagulation is controversial.The COVID-19 pandemic is raging across the world, affecting 212 Countries and Territories around the world. It has infected more than 3.7 million people with a mortality rate of around 7%. Although the causative virus, the SARS-CoV-2 is primarily a respiratory pathogen, recent observational studies have documented a high rate of neurological complications associated with COVID-19. We searched PubMed databases from December 01, 2019 to June 9, 2020 for articles published on „COVID 19” OR „coronavirus” with targeted search words. We also search preprint servers for neurological complications of COVID-19. Neurological manifestations are seen in around 36%-45% of patients with COVID-19 and can involve almost every part of the central nervous system (CNS) from the hemispheres, cranial or peripheral nerves, spinal cord, and muscle. The mechanisms vary from direct viral invasion of the CNS, to a dysregulated host immune response to molecular mimicry to multiorgan dysfunction. In many patients, neurological manifestations preceded other systemic features or the diagnosis of COVID-19. Sick patients with COVID-19 will require ICU care and many patients may present first to the neurocritical care ICU and receive a diagnosis of COVID-19 later. Hence, it is important for all healthcare personnel to be aware of the myriad neurological manifestations of this infection, so as to initiate appropriate infection control practices and refine investigation and treatment protocols.