Stomal recurrence after temporary tracheostomy for oral cavity malignancies are very rare. Previously reported management of these can vary from surgical to palliative treatment. Methods to prevent these include delaying tracheostomy until after surgical resection, packing the pharynx during resection and adjuvant radiotherapy.

Given the controversy regarding metabolically healthy obesity, we studied the association between duration and degree of body mass index (BMI) from adolescence to early adulthood and metabolic status of both overweight/obese and under/normal weight subjects.

Participants of the EPITeen cohort were evaluated at 13, 17, 21 and 24 years (n=1040). Duration and degree of BMI in the 11-year period was summarized through the area under the curve of BMI (BMI

). Metabolic health at 24y was defined as optimal levels of lipids, blood pressure and glucose. The association between BMI

per year and metabolic health was estimated through binary logistic regression models, adjusted for confounders and stratified by BMI. The proportion of metabolically healthy overweight/obesity at 24y was 13.4%. After adjustment for sociodemographic and behavioural factors, the increase of one kg/m

in BMI on average per year during the period between 13 and 24y was associated with 14% lower odds of being metabolically healthy among under/normal weight participants (OR=0.86, 95% CI 0.78-0.94); and 8% lower odds of metabolic health among obese/overweight participants (OR=0.92, 95% CI 0.85-1.00). After additional adjustment for waist circumference, the association was attenuated, especially in the obese/overweight group (OR=1.03, 95% CI 0.93-1.14). About 20% of the metabolically healthy obese/overweight at 13y transitioned to metabolically unhealthy obesity/overweight at 24y.

The results support the hypothesis that the healthy obesity phenotype could be explained by a lower exposure to adiposity, either by shorter time or lower quantity, and a more favourable body fat distribution.

The results support the hypothesis that the healthy obesity phenotype could be explained by a lower exposure to adiposity, either by shorter time or lower quantity, and a more favourable body fat distribution.

Post-prandial glycemic response (PPGR) depends on the intrinsic characteristic of the carbohydrate-rich foods as well as on the amount and type of other nutrients. This study aimed to explore whether the addition of condiments can affect the difference in PPGR between a low and a medium-high Glycemic Index (GI) food.

Spaghetti (S) and rice ® were consumed plain and after adding tomato sauce and extra virgin olive oil (TEVOO), or pesto sauce (P). The GI of R (63±3) was statistically higher than that of S (44±7) (p=0.003). The Incremental Area Under the Curve (IAUC) for R was significantly greater than S (124.2±12.1 and 82.1±12.9mmol∗min/L respectively) (p=0.016) for blood glucose but not for insulin (1192.6±183.6 and 905.2±208.9 mU∗min/L, respectively) (p=0.076). There were no significant differences after the addition of either TEVOO or P. The postprandial peaks of blood glucose and insulin for R (6.7±0.3mmol/L and 36.4±4.9 mU/L, respectively) were significantly higher compared to S (6.0±0.2mmol/L and 26.7±3.6 mU/L, respectively) (p=0.033 and p=0.025). The postprandial peak for insulin remained significantly higher with P (36.8±3.7 and 28.6±2.9 mU/L for R+P and S+P, p=0.045) but not with EVOO (p=0.963). Postprandial peaks for blood glucose were not significantly different with condiment.

The differences in PPGR were significant between spaghetti and rice consumed plain, they reduced or disappeared with fat adding, depending on the type of condiment used. REGISTRATION NUMBER (www.clinicaltrial.gov)NCT03104712.

The differences in PPGR were significant between spaghetti and rice consumed plain, they reduced or disappeared with fat adding, depending on the type of condiment used. REGISTRATION NUMBER (www.clinicaltrial.gov)NCT03104712.

Emerging data have linked the presence of cardiac injury with a worse prognosis in novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. However, available data cannot clearly characterize the correlation between cardiac injury and COVID-19. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis of recent studies to 1) explore the prevalence of cardiac injury in different types of COVID-19 patients and 2) evaluate the association between cardiac injury and worse prognosis (severe disease, admission to ICU, and mortality) in patients with COVID-19.

Literature search was conducted through PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, and MedRxiv databases. A meta-analysis was performed with Stata 14.0. A fixed-effects model was used if the I

values≤50%, otherwise the random-effects model was performed. The prevalence of cardiac injury was 19% (95% CI 0.15-0.22, and p<0.001) in total COVID-19 patients, 36% (95% CI 0.25-0.47, and p<0.001) in severe COVID-19 patients, and 48% (95% CI 0.30-0.66, and p<0.001) in non-survivors. Furthermore, cardiac injury was found to be associated with a significant increase in the risk of poor outcomes with a pooled effect size (ES) of 8.46 (95% CI 3.76-19.06, and p=0.062), severe disease with an ES of 3.54 (95% CI 2.25-5.58, and p<0.001), admission to ICU with an ES of 5.03 (95% CI 2.69-9.39, and p<0.001), and mortality with an ES of 4.99 (95% CI 3.38-7.37, and p<0.001).

The prevalence of cardiac injury was greatly increased in COVID-19 patients, particularly in patients with severe disease and non-survivors. COVID-19 patients with cardiac injury are more likely to be associated with poor outcomes, severity of disease, admission to ICU, and mortality.

The prevalence of cardiac injury was greatly increased in COVID-19 patients, particularly in patients with severe disease and non-survivors. COVID-19 patients with cardiac injury are more likely to be associated with poor outcomes, severity of disease, admission to ICU, and mortality.The aim of this work is to study the dosimetric properties of tissue-equivalent thulium doped NaMgF3 neighborites and to determine their possible application as dosimeters in personal dosimetry. In this aspect, radioluminescence (RL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimetric properties of undoped and Tm3+ -doped NaMgF3 have been investigated for the first time. Samples were synthesized by solid state reaction and by considering a stoichiometric mixture of pure NaF and MgF2 reagents. Two emission peaks centered at 460 and 360 nm have been found in the RL emission spectrum of the doped samples, which can be ascribed to the 1D2 – 3F4 and 1D2 – 3H6 transitions of Tm3+ cations, respectively. Maximum OSL emission under blue light stimulation has been found for samples doped with 0.2 mol % of thulium. Furthermore, the OSL signal of this compound depends linearly on dose within the range 0.05-100 Gy. Besides, its OSL signal features satisfactory repeatability and a minimum detectable dose of 0.04 Gy. Finally, it has been found a low fading of the OSL signal of approximately 13% after the first 60 h, after which the OSL response remains constant. The obtained results suggest the feasibility of using this compound as an OSL detector in personal dosimetry.Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a form of nonspecific chronic intestinal inflammation associated with gut microbiome dysbiosis. Modulating the composition of the intestinal flora may be a viable means of alleviating such inflammatory pathology. Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (B. thetaiotaomicron) is a symbiotic intestinal microbe that has been associated with IBD, although the mechanistic basis for this association remains to be clarified. In this present study, we determined that B. thetaiotaomicron can alleviate colonic inflammation through mechanisms associated with the modulation of tryptophan metabolism and T cell subsets within inflamed intestinal tissues. Specifically, we found that B. thetaiotaomicron promotes the preferential differentiation of anti-inflammatory Treg/Th2 cells while suppressing the relative differentiation of pro-inflammatory Th1/Th17 cells, thereby decreasing inflammation within the colon. At a molecular level, B. thetaiotaomicron treatment was linked to altered CpG methylation within the Foxp3 promoter that was associated with enhanced Treg cell functionality. In a murine dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) colitis model system, B. thetaiotaomicron increased the levels of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) ligands indole metabolites-indole acetic acid (IAA) and indole propionic acid (IPA), thereby increasing AHR activation that is related to changes of transcription factor expression profiles within T cells. In summary, our data suggest that B. thetaiotaomicron can activate AHR and modulate CD4+ T cell differentiation profiles in a murine DSS colitis model system, suggesting that this bacterium may be of therapeutic relevance for the treatment of IBD.

Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU), a serious complication of diabetes, is associated with increased morbidity and mortality and presents a substantial socioeconomic burden. However, DFU quality of care has been insufficiently studied. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of DFU care at an interdisciplinary wound care clinic in Canada, based on an extended Donabedian model structure, process and outcome quality indicators combined with patient characteristics.

This was a retrospective cohort study of 140 adult patients with diabetes who were treated between 2012 and 2018 at a wound care clinic in a university-affiliated hospital in the Québec City area of Canada. Twenty-two internationally recognized quality-of-care indicators were identified from the literature. Data were collected from medical files, and the results were used to document the selected quality-of-care indicators.

The principal indicators regarding structure and process were met, and outcome indicators were influenced by study population characteristics, particularly peripheral artery disease and critical limb ischemia. Moreover, this study highlights that quality-of-care indicators are essential when evaluating DFU outcomes, as structure and process indicators can also affect wound healing outcomes.

This study suggests that DFU care at a Canadian wound care clinic, with an interdisciplinary approach, meets most quality-of-care indicators. The socioeconomic burden of DFUs for patients, health-care organizations and policymakers, and the paucity of quality and performance evaluations, call for more studies evaluating DFU care.

This study suggests that DFU care at a Canadian wound care clinic, with an interdisciplinary approach, meets most quality-of-care indicators. The socioeconomic burden of DFUs for patients, health-care organizations and policymakers, and the paucity of quality and performance evaluations, call for more studies evaluating DFU care.Recently it has been reported that reduced levels of salivary lactoferrin (LF) can be a plausible biomarker for amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brains. This could mean that reduced levels of salivary LF act as a trigger for oral dysbiosis and that low LF levels could change the oral microbiota. A chemical change in the composition of saliva has not yet been considered as a cause for microbial dysbiosis but does present an opportunity to view oral dysbiosis as a plausible contributory factor in the development of AD pathophysiology. Oral dysbiosis has largely been reported as a result of inadequate oral hygiene and dry mouth in elderly subjects. Here we discuss if the deficiency of LF in saliva and gingival fluid of AD patients can facilitate proliferation of oral pathogens, and as a result their spread elsewhere in the body. Additionally, we ask if LF in the AD brain could be overexposed as a result of chronic infection. Together these outcomes will indicate if reduced levels of salivary LF can act as a trigger of oral dysbiosis.