in English, German Einleitung Nüsse zählen zu den Nahrungsbestandteilen, die günstige Auswirkungen auf Biomarker für kardiovaskuläre Krankheiten zu haben scheinen. Es gibt Studien, die Cashewnüssen günstige Effekte auf Serumlipidwerte bescheinigen, doch insgesamt ist die Ergebnislage in der Literatur nicht schlüssig. Daher führten wir eine Literaturanalyse durch, um die Auswirkungen einer Supplementierung von Cashewnüssen auf das Serumlipidprofil zu untersuchen. Methoden Zwei Reviewer durchsuchten unabhängig die elektronischen Datenbanken PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus und EMBASE von deren jeweiligem Anfang bis Juni 2019 ohne Sprachenbeschränkung. Mit Random- und Fixed-Effect-Modellen wurden 95%-Konfidenzintervalle (KI) für die Studien berechnet. Ergebnisse Sechs randomisierte klinische Studien mit insgesamt 531 Teilnehmern wurden in die ­systematische Übersichtsarbeit eingeschlossen. Drei Studien wurden in das Metaanalysemodell eingeschlossen. Es gab keine signifikanten Veränderungen beim Gesamtcholesterin (TC) (standardized mean difference [SMD] –0,02, 95%-KI –0,32, 0,28), bei den Triglyzeriden (TG) (SMD –0,01, 95%-KI –0,22, 0,20), dem an Lipoproteine hoher Dichte gebundenen Cholesterin (HDL-Cholesterin) (SMD 0,09, 95%-KI –0,16, 0,34) oder dem an Lipoproteine geringer Dichte gebundenen Cholesterin (LDL-Cholesterin) (SMD –0,18, 95%-KI –0,75, 0,39). Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse dieser Analyse belegen, dass die Supplementierung von Cashewnüssen als alleinige Maßnahme keine signifikante Veränderung der Serumkonzentrationen von LDL-Cholesterin, HDL-Cholesterin, TC oder TG bewirkt.The global burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is rapidly increasing with a projection of becoming the 5th most common cause of years of life lost globally by 2040. Aggravatingly, CKD is a major cause of catastrophic health expenditure. The costs of dialysis and transplantation consume up to 3% of the annual healthcare budget in high-income countries. Crucially, however, the onset and progression of CKD is often preventable. In 2020, the World Kidney Day campaign highlights the importance of preventive interventions – be it primary, secondary or tertiary. This complementing article focuses on outlining and analyzing measures that can be implemented in every country to promote and advance CKD prevention. Primary prevention of kidney disease should focus on the modification of risk factors and addressing structural abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tracts, as well as exposure to environmental risk factors and nephrotoxins. In persons with pre-existing kidney disease, secondary prevention, including blood pressure optimization and glycemic control, should be the main goal of education and clinical interventions. In patients with advanced CKD, management of co-morbidities such as uremia and cardiovascular disease is a highly recommended preventative intervention to avoid or delay dialysis or kidney transplantation. Political efforts are needed to proliferate the preventive approach. While national policies and strategies for non-communicable diseases might be present in a country, specific policies directed toward education and awareness about CKD screening, management and treatment are often lacking. Hence, there is an urgent need to increase the awareness of the importance of preventive measures throughout populations, professionals and policy makers. © 2020 World Kidney Day 2020 Steering Committee.BACKGROUND Aortic valve weight (AVW), a flow independent measure of aortic stenosis (AS) severity, is reported to have heterogeneous associations with the echocardiographic variables used for AS evaluation. Controversy exists regarding its impact on survival after aortic valve replacement (AVR). OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the association between AVW with echocardiographic measures of AS severity and all-cause mortality after surgical AVR. METHODS One thousand and forty-sixconsecutive patients underwent surgical AVR for AS, the excised valves were weighed, and an echocardiogram was done before surgery. RESULTS Males had heavier valves than females, for both absolute and body surface are (BSA)-indexed values (2.78 ± 1.23 vs. 2.08 ± 0.68 g, p less then 0.001; and 1.38 ± 0.61 vs. 1.19 ± 0.41 g/m2, p less then 0.001, respectively). In a restricted cohort of 634 patients with isolated severe AS and normal ejection fraction, the correlations of AVW with echocardiographic variables of AS were modest, the strongest being with the dimensionless index (r = -0.27 and -0.26 for male and female, both p less then 0.01). Stratified by stroke volume index and mean gradient (MG), no associations were found in the low-gradient groups (i.e., MG less then 40 mmHg). At a median follow-up of 3.5 years, there were only 244 deaths in the entire cohort. Mortality was not related to AVW, except in females who displayed an inverse relationship (HR = 0.67; 95% CI 0.47-0.95) only when it was analyzed as a continuous variable. CONCLUSIONS The weak correlation between AVW with the echocardiographic indices of AS may reflect its complex pathophysiology, heterogeneous hemodynamics, and possible pitfalls in the current echocardiographic methods used in clinical practice. The prognostic value of AVW after AVR warrants further evaluation. © 2020 S. Karger AG, Basel.PURPOSE To investigate the correlation between aqueous flare and macular microvascular status assessed by optic coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in diabetes mellitus. METHODS A cross sectional study was conducted on 52 diabetic patients with non-proliferative retinopathy, 44 diabetic patients without retinopathy, and 20 non-diabetic age-matched controls. Spectral domain optic coherence tomography, OCTA, and laser flare-cell meter were performed. RESULTS Compared to eyes without retinopathy, eyes with retinopathy had higher flare intensity (p=0.024), enlarged capillary nonperfusion area (p less then 0.001) and enlarged foveal avascular zone (p less then 0.001). There was a significant correlation between flare intensity and capillary nonperfusion areas (p less then 0.001, r=0.511) and superficial capillary density (p=0.005, r=-0,388) in diabetic eyes with retinopathy. CONCLUSION The results demonstrated a positive correlation between aqueous flare levels, an indicator of intraocular inflammation, and microvascular damage demonstrated by OCTA in the early stages of DR. This finding supports the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of DR. © 2020 S. Karger AG, Basel.INTRODUCTION Delusions are core symptoms of schizophrenia-spectrum and related disorders. Despite their clinical relevance, the neural correlates underlying such phenomena are unclear. Recent research suggests that specific delusional content may be associated with distinct neural substrates. OBJECTIVE Here, we used structural magnetic resonance imaging to investigate multiple parameters of brain morphology in patients presenting with paranoid type delusional disorder (pt-DD, n = 14) compared to those of healthy controls (HC, n = 25). METHODS Voxel- and surface-based morphometry for structural data was used to investigate gray matter volume (GMV), cortical thickness (CT) and gyrification. RESULTS Compared to HC, patients with pt-DD showed reduced GMV in bilateral amygdala and right inferior frontal gyrus. Higher GMV in patients was found in bilateral orbitofrontal and in left superior frontal cortices. click here Patients also had lower CT in frontal and temporal regions. link2 Abnormal gyrification in patients was evident in frontal and temporal areas, as well as in bilateral insula. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest the presence of aberrant GMV in a right prefrontal region associated with belief evaluation, as well as distinct structural abnormalities in areas that essentially subserve processing of fear, anxiety and threat in patients with pt-DD. It is possible that cortical features of distinct evolutionary and genetic origin, i.e. CT and gyrification, contribute differently to the pathogenesis of pt-DD. © 2020 S. Karger AG, Basel.INTRODUCTION Hepatoid adenocarcinoma (AC) of the stomach (HAS) represents a rare variant of conventional gastric AC characterised by poor prognosis. They are usually managed with surgery (localised disease) and chemotherapy. CASE REPORT We present the first case report of a patient with HAS who presented with weight loss, poor appetite, general clinical deterioration (performance status [PS] = 3), and active gastrointestinal bleeding who was treated with fractionated palliative radiotherapy (RT) using 30 Gy in 10 fractions. The use of RT was associated with excellent symptomatic and radiological response and facilitated surgery secondary to significant improvement in general fitness and PS. CONCLUSION RT may have a role in the multimodality management of hepatoid AC of the stomach. link3 © 2020 S. Karger AG, Basel.Newborn infants, especially those born preterm, are at risk of infections in early life. In preterm infants, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a devastating inflammatory gut condition, and late-onset sepsis (LOS) are important causes of serious morbidity and are the commonest reasons for death after the first week of life. Fresh breast milk from the infant’s mother reduces the risks of these serious pathologies in a dose-dependent fashion. Considerable effort has been expended to better understand which specific components of human milk are likely to exert the greatest functional benefits, particularly those that have immune modulatory or anti-infectious properties. Lactoferrin is a whey glycoprotein present in especially high concentrations in colostrum and early milk. Studies show that lactoferrin impacts on immune function and, through a multitude of mechanisms, reduces the risk of viral, fungal, and bacterial infections. Supplemental enteral bovine lactoferrin has been tested in a series of randomized clinical trials, many of which suggested important reductions in LOS in preterm or low-birth-weight infants. However, the largest trial to date – the Enteral Lactoferrin in Neonates (ELFIN) trial – recruited 2,203 infants and failed to show any significant reductions in LOS or NEC. Challenges in conducting clinical research and the translational relevance of these studies for clinical practice will be considered. © 2020 Nestlé Nutrition Institute, Switzerland/S. Karger AG, Basel.BACKGROUND Three-dimensional (3D) visualization systems, also known as Heads-Up systems, are now available for eye-surgery and as every new device there is need for a specific evaluation. OBJECTIVES To compare efficiency, surgical comfort and safety of a 3D visualization system to standard binocular microscope (BM) in routine ophthalmologic procedures. METHOD After a 4-week training period, a 3D visualization system (Ngenuity, Alcon®) available in one of the Robert Debré Hospital Ophthalmology Departments’ operating room, was compared to a standard BM (OPMI LUMIRA 700, Zeiss®), in the process of a call for new device evaluation. From December 2017 to March 2018, 5 surgeons and their respective residents were asked to fill in a questionnaire for all procedures. Before the surgery, the surgeon recorded (i) the type of surgery (cataract (PK), retinal detachment (RD), epiretinal membrane peeling (ERM), macular hole (MH), vitreous haemorrhage (VH)), (ii) the type of visualization system chosen (3D or BM), and (iii) estimated the surgical risk (low, intermediate or high grade).