Network theory offers innovative tools to explore the complex ecological mechanisms regulating species associations and interactions. Although interest in ecological networks has grown steadily during the last two decades, the application of network approaches has been unequally distributed across different study systems while some kinds of interactions (e.g. plant-pollinator and host-parasite) have been extensively investigated, others remain relatively unexplored. Among the latter, aquatic macrophyte-animal associations in coastal environments have been largely neglected, despite their major role in littoral ecosystems. The ubiquity of macrophyte systems, their accessibility and multi-faceted ecological, economical and societal importance make macrophyte-animal systems an ideal subject for ecological network science. In fact, macrophyte-animal networks offer an aquatic counterpart to terrestrial plant-animal networks. In this review, we show how the application of network analysis to aquatic macrophyte-animal associations has the potential to broaden our understanding of how coastal ecosystems function. Network analysis can also provide a key to understanding how such ecosystems will respond to on-going and future threats from anthropogenic disturbance and environmental change. For this, we (i) identify key issues that have limited the application of network theory and modelling to aquatic animal-macrophyte associations; (ii) illustrate through examples based on empirical data how network analysis can offer new insights on the complexity and functioning of coastal ecosystems; and (iii) provide suggestions for how to design future studies and establish this new research line into network ecology.

Beckmannia syzigachne (Steud.) Fernald has evolved herbicide resistance due to the long-term sole use of herbicides and has become a dominant weed in wheat fields in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China. In addition to the selection pressure imposed by herbicides, pollen-mediated gene flow (PMGF) has been reported to cause the spread of herbicide resistance between populations within a certain range in some farmland weeds. It is not clear whether the same is true for the self-pollinated grass weed B. syzigachne.

In this study, we confirmed and quantified the level of PMGF in B. syzigachne through concentric circle planting and herbicide resistance tests. Results show that when the B. syzigachne pollen donor was close to the recipient (0.5m), the average gene flow was 0.66%. Gene flow was detected as far as 10m (the farthest distance studied) and decreased exponentially with increasing distance, which could be described by a double exponential decay model. Temperature also affected gee important to take proactive measures and integrate chemical and ecological weed control methods to prevent the spread of resistant B. syzigachne via both seeds and pollens. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

The new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) is the causative agent of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-2019) disease. A wide variety of symptoms of the disease has been frequently reported in the literature in recent years. However, information on the findings in keratinized tissues is still limited. Data on changes in keratinized tissues such as nails, teeth and hair, and oral mucousa due to drugs used in the treatment of this disease are also extremely insufficient.

With this study, it was aimed to evaluate the changes in the keratinized tissues of our patients with COVID-19, who are frequently encountered in the Ear Nose and Throat outpatient clinic.

The study was carried out on patients who applied to Başkent University Ear Nose and Throat clinic. There were 3groups. The first group consisted of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and received relevant medical treatments, the second group included individuals who have never experienced COVID-19 infection but have been vaccinated againststudy will pave the way for investigating changes or drug sequestrations in other organs in the long term.

The adverse effects of the accumulation of the drugs-mainly Favipravir-used in the treatment of COVID-19 disease, have not yet been clearly demonstrated so far. Revealing the findings in these tissues with this study will pave the way for investigating changes or drug sequestrations in other organs in the long term.

Pemphigus is a series of autoimmune skin disorders caused by IgG. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a subset of CD4+ T cells that mostly block pathogenic immune responses mediated by self-reactive cells; therefore, a lack of Tregs or a malfunction in their activity could lead to a loss of tolerance and the development of autoimmunity.

To evaluate the expression of lesional and perilesional Treg markers (CD

CD

bright FOXP

) in pemphigus patients.

Twenty-three pemphigus patients and 20 healthy controls were included in this study. The expression of CD

, CD

and Foxp

was evaluated by immunohistochemistry.

There was statistically significant increase in CD4+ T lymphocytes in lesional skin of pemphigus compared to perilesional skin and control group (p-value 0.001). There was statistically significant decrease in CD25

and Foxp3

cells in lesional skin compared to perilesional and control group (p-value <0.001, 0.025, respectively).

The reduction of lesional skin Tregs may play an important role in the pemphigus pathogenesis.

The reduction of lesional skin Tregs may play an important role in the pemphigus pathogenesis.Sepsis is an aberrant systemic inflammatory response mediated by the acute activation of the innate immune system. Neutrophils are important contributors to the innate immune response that controls the infection, but harbour the risk of collateral tissue damage such as thrombosis and organ dysfunction. A better understanding of the modulations of cellular processes in neutrophils and other blood cells during sepsis is needed and can be initiated via transcriptomic profile investigations. To that point, the growing repertoire of publicly accessible transcriptomic datasets serves as a valuable resource for discovering and/or assessing the robustness of biomarkers. We employed systematic literature mining, reductionist approach to gene expression profile and empirical in vitro work to highlight the role of a Nudix hydrolase family member, NUDT16, in sepsis. The relevance and implication of the expression of NUDT16 under septic conditions and the putative functional roles of this enzyme are discussed.

Acne vulgaris is a multifactorial disease that mostly heals by scarring. Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) is a proinflammatory cytokine, suggested to play a key role in acne pathogenesis.

To study the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of IL1β in acne vulgaris and acne scars to evaluate its possible role in their pathogenesis and to study the relation between the expression of IL1β and the clinicopathological parameters.

This study was conducted on sixty subjects (twenty patients with acne vulgaris and twenty patients with acne scars), and twenty healthy volunteers as controls. Skin biopsies were taken from patients and controls for routine histopathological examination with hematoxylin and eosin stain and IHC staining of IL-1β.

There was a statistically significant increase in expression of IL-1β in acne vulgaris compared with post-acne scars and controls, (p<0.001) for both. IL-1β expression was significantly positively correlated with both clinical severity of acne vulgaris (p=0.022) and severity of histopathological inflammation (p=0.011).

Interleukin-1β expression was associated with acne vulgaris and post-acne scars with significant positive correlation to clinical and histopathological severity of acne vulgaris. Thus, IL-1β could be a key player cytokine in acne pathogenesis, its severity and development of post-acne scars.

Interleukin-1β expression was associated with acne vulgaris and post-acne scars with significant positive correlation to clinical and histopathological severity of acne vulgaris. Thus, IL-1β could be a key player cytokine in acne pathogenesis, its severity and development of post-acne scars.This study tested whether subcutaneous fat loss is enhanced via application of a popular topical fat loss lotion. Twenty resistance-trained men (mean ± SD age of 26.3 ± 6.3 years and weight of 86.8 ± 11.1 kg) had a topical fat-loss lotion containing Coleus forskholii, Silybin, Eucommia ulmoides leaf, Paullinia cupana seed, caffeine, and black pepper essential oil applied twice daily for 8 weeks to the front and lateral thigh of one of the participant’s leg, and a placebo control lotion was applied to the same sites on the other leg. After 8 weeks, there were no significant differences between the placebo and treatment legs for the change in subcutaneous fat thickness of the front thigh (p = 0.73) or for leg fat percentage (p = 0.52). However, there was a slight, yet significant difference in the change in subcutaneous fat thickness of the lateral thigh favoring the treatment leg (-0.42 vs +0.75 mm, p = 0.029), but with this difference disappearing depending on the statistical tests being used. Only 2/19 participants perceived a difference in fat loss in response to each condition. Although the topical lotion tested here resulted in statistically significantly greater subcutaneous fat loss at the lateral but not front thigh, this effect was very small, contingent upon the statistical test being used, and unperceivable by the participants themselves.In this work, a novel organomagnesium complex with outstanding aggregation induced emission (AIE) properties is synthesized using dibenzoylmethane (DBM) as the ligand. The structure of the complex is confirmed to be one magnesium ion coordinated to the dione groups of two DBM molecules, and the magnesium ion adopts a distorted octahedrally geometry. The obvious emission is found for Mg(DBM)2 powder and not in the solution, making this the first reported organomagnesium complex with AIE property. The properties of the complex were investigated by using UV-vis absorption and fluorescence emission spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and density functional theory calculations. Moreover, the Mg(DBM)2 solution dispersed in filter paper was is colorless, which may be made into a convenient anti-counterfeiting and encryption tool. Mg(DBM)2 /alginate fibers were prepared by wet-spinning process and further processed into paper, which can be used in the fields of sensors, anti-counterfeiting, and encryption. Sweat contains a wealth of chemical information that could potentially indicate the body’s deeper biomolecular state. The prepared fluorescent fibers were used to detect sweat due to its non-toxic, low-cost efficient and fast response to analytes.Hydrogen sulphide (H2 S) has emerged as a gasotransmitter molecule that modulates several physiological functions in plants, specially, different biotic and abiotic stresses. Pointed gourd (PG) fruits start losing their soft texture and appealing colour within 2-3 days of harvest, resulting in poor marketability and shelf life. Here, the effect of exogenous H2 S (1 and 2 mm) application on lignification and other biochemical markers linked to ripening, shelf-life and edible quality of PG was assessed during cold (12 °C, 85-90% RH) and ambient (27 ± 2 °C, 55 ± 5% RH) storage. The synergistic effect of H2 S was recorded during simulated storage at ambient conditions. Postharvest H2 S treatment (1 mm) effectively delayed yellowing and chlorophyll loss (four-fold reduction) and maintained the phenolic content and higher antioxidant activity (36%). The H2 S-treated PG fruits had significantly lower lignification and membrane permeability i.e. 15% and 13%, respectively, than control samples. H2 S-treated fruit also maintained higher PAL and lower PPO activity.