23, p less then 0.01), and household income ≥5,000RMB (potassium OR=2.51, p less then 0.001; phosphorus OR=1.91, p less then 0.05) during the first trimester, (2) being employed (zinc OR=0.54, p less then 0.001; selenium OR=0.53, p less then 0.05) and household income ≥5,000 RMB (zinc OR=1.86, p less then 0.05) during the second trimester, and (3) husband/partner with associate degree or vocational school education (selenium OR=3.26, p less then 0.01) and household income of 3,000-4,999 RMB (potassium OR=1.71, p less then 0.05; zinc OR=1.48, p less then 0.05) during the third trimester. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first study that examines the relationship between socioeconomic factors and mineral intake among Chinese pregnant women at three trimesters. Findings highlight the importance of considering individuals’ socioeconomic status to develop personalized interventions to prevent undernutrition among this population.BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Diabetes prevalence has been increasing overtime in Indonesia along with its complications and morbidities. Diabetes prevention program is still a challenge. Previous study concluded poor intrauterine nutritional status, low birth weight (LBW), and nutrition status early in life were risk factors for impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or type 2 diabetes mellitus in adulthood. This study aimed to evaluate the association between both LBW and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) with IGT in adolescents. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN Total of 536 subjects from Tanjungsari Cohort Study were included in this study. Subjects were in their early adolescence age (12-14 years). Anthropometric data were collected and IGT was determined by using 2- hour postprandial plasma glucose level, then it was assessed based on their birth weight and intrauterine nutritional status. RESULTS Subjects with LBW history were shorter, had lower body weight and body mass index (p less then 0.05, respectively). The proportion of IGT is significantly higher among subject with LBW (RR 1.692 [1.079- 2.653]). There was no difference on proportion of IGT among subjects with IUGR compared with subjects who were not IUGR or born preterm (p=0.286). Multiple regression analysis showed the effect of LBW remain independent after adjusted with sex and socioeconomic variables (RR 1.650 [1.054-2.584]). CONCLUSIONS Significant association was found between LBW and IGT in comparison to those who were born with normal birth weight. Hence, diabetes should be prevented as early as possible, even since in the pregnancy.BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Dairy has been shown to reduce the risk of obesity in many epidemiological studies. However, few studies have been fully conducted in China in this respect. We aimed to investigate the association between dairy consumption and prevalence of obesity in an adult Chinese population. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional study was performed in an adult population of 5598 in northeast China, aged ≥18. Intakes of dairy products were obtained by internet-based dietary questionnaire for the Chinese (IDQC). The associations between total and individual dairy consumption and prevalence of overall and abdominal obesity were examined by logistic regression. Sex stratification was performed. RESULTS A total of 3871 participants, including 1700 men and 2171 women, were eligible for analysis. Men who consumed ≥100 g/day of yogurt had lower risks of abdominal obesity (multivariate-adjusted OR=0.41; 95% CI 0.24-0.70) than men who did not consume yogurt. Women who consumed ≥200 g/day of milk had lower risks of overall obesity (multivariate-adjusted OR=0.47; 95% CI 0.24-0.91) than women who did not consume milk. CONCLUSIONS Increased dairy consumption was associated with lower risk of obesity in adult population in northeast China. Further studies are needed to confirm these observational findings and explain the observed gender-specific difference.BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Low sodium and high potassium intake is reported to be a risk of hypertension. However, it is uncertain whether these associations can be generalized to those without hypertension. This study is to evaluate the associations of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP, respectively) with estimated urinary sodium excretion (eUNaE), estimated urinary potassium excretion (eUKE) and their ratio (Na/K ratio) among hypertensive, normotensive, and hypotensive Chinese individuals. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN A large institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted at the Third Xiangya Hospital, Changsha between August 2017 and November 2018. Spot urine samples were collected to test urinary sodium, potassium, and creatinine excretions for each participant. The Kawasaki formula was used to estimate 24-hour urinary sodium and potassium excretions. RESULTS A total of 26,363 eligible subjects were used to analyze the associations of blood pressure with eUNaE, eUKE, and their ratio. 27.3% (n=7,201) of participants were diagnosed with hypertension, 5.4% (n=1,427) were diagnosed with hypotension, and the remaining of 17,735 participants were normotensive. A significant increase in SBP and DBP was related to the Na/K ratio increase in hypertensive and normotensive subgroups (all ptrend less then 0.01), but the association was not significant for DBP among hypotensive individuals (ptrend=0.58). Stronger associations of SBP with the Na/K ratio were observed in older people (pinteraction less then 0.01) and females (pinteraction less then 0.0001), but the same trend was not observed for DBP (pinteraction=0.10 and 0.88, respectively). CONCLUSIONS High potassium and low sodium intake were further confirmed to reduce blood pressure in hypotensive, normotensive, and hypertensive individuals.BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To develop and validate the prediction equations for lean body mass (LBM) and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) using body circumference measurements of community-dwelling adults older than 50 years old. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN Four hundred and ninety-eight community-dwelling adults older than 50 years old were recruited for this study. Participants were randomly assigned to a development group (DG, n=332) and validation group (VG, n=166). Lean body mass and ASM were assessed using dualenergy x-ray absorptiometry along with the anthropometric parameters. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to examine the associations between ASM, LBM and anthropometric parameters in the DG. Prediction equations for LBM and ASM were established from DG data using multiple regression analyses. Paired t-test and Bland-Altman test were used to validate the equations in the VG. RESULTS Forearm circumference had the highest correlation with LBM and ASM. The developed prediction models were LBM (kg) = 27.479 + 0.726 * weight (kg) – 3.383 * gender (male = 1, female = 2) – 0.672 * BMI + 0.514 * forearm circumference (cm) – 0.245 * hip circumference (cm)(r2=0.90); ASM (kg) = -4.287 + 0.202 * weight (kg) – 0.166 * hip circumference (cm) – 1.484 * gender (male = 1, female = 2) + 0.173 * calf circumference (cm) + 0.096 * height + 0.243 * forearm circumference (cm)(r2=0.85). CONCLUSIONS Prediction equations using only a measuring tape provide accurate, inexpensive, practical methods to assess LBM and ASM in Asians older than 50 years old.BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Multiple studies of the relative economic value of different nutritional support methods for patients with gastrointestinal cancer have provided inconsistent results. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN The PUBMED and EMBASE databases were systematically searched through September 30, 2018to identify latent studies of the benefits of parenteral nutrition (PN), enteral nutrition (EN) or conventional intervention (CI) in gastrointestinal cancer patients. A fixed-effects model or random-effects model was applied depending on the heterogeneity of the studies. Statistical analysis was conducted using R software. A total of 728 studies were reviewed, and 21 studies published from 1998 to 2018 were included in the final analysis. RESULTS The results showed that the hospitalization expenditure of the EN group was 3938 RMB less than that of the PN group. Similarly, the EN group had a shorter length of hospitalization than the PN and CI groups. The infection rate was lower in the EN group (12%) than in the PN group (16%) and CI group (20%). Subgroup analysis showed that gastrointestinal cancer patients who received oral nutritional supplements had the lowest infection rate (11%) after surgery. CONCLUSIONS EN, especially oral nutritional supplements, has a positive economic impact on patients with gastrointestinal cancer, based on reductions in the post-operative infection rate, length of hospitalization, and hospitalization expenditure.BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To provide a questionnaire, with Shanghai medical interns as respondents, analyzing knowledge (K), attitude (A), and practice (P) in relation to clinical nutrition, and to explore factors that could affect KAP scores. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN The cross- sectional study used 330 interns from Shanghai medical universities responding to general material data questionnaires and KAP questionnaires on clinical nutrition. RESULTS The mean KAP score was 210.26±25.9 (X±SD), and the score for each part of the KAP questionnaire was just within the threshold for qualified. Multivariate analysis showed that the factors influencing the proportion of excellent scores for K were preventive medicine major (OR=3.45, p less then 0.001), senior intern (OR=2.52, p=0.002), and tertiary intern hospital (OR=2.31, p=0.006). The only factor influencing the proportion of excellent scores for P was accessing nutritional information one to three times per week (OR=3.95, p=0.011). Nutrition course had no relation to any scores of K, A, P. CONCLUSIONS The mean scores of overall KAP and the individual K, A, P were all categorized as qualified. The P score was the lowest and only influenced by how frequently information was accessed. In summary, nutrition knowledge and regular practical training gained from intern hospital could be a better way to enable senior interns to quickly and competently address patient nutrition problems at the commencement of their careers.BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The aims of this study is to explore the acute effect of consuming dinner at different timing on postprandial glucose and hormone in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN Eight patients (age 70.8±1.9 years, HbA1c 7.6±0.6 %, BMI 23.3±3.2, mean±SD) were randomly assigned in this crossover study. Patients consumed the test meals of dinner at 1800 on the first day, and dinner at 2100 or divided dinner (vegetable and rice at 1800 and vegetable and the main dish at 2100) on the second or third day. Postprandial glucose, insulin, glucagon, free fatty acid (FFA), active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and active glucose- dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) concentration after dinner were evaluated. RESULTS Both incremental area under the curve (IAUC) 2h for glucose and insulin were higher in dinner at 2100 than those in dinner at 1800 (IAUC glucose 449±83 vs 216±43 mmol/L×min, p less then 0.01, IAUC insulin772±104 vs 527±107 μU/mL×min, p less then 0.01, mean±SEM). However, in divided dinner both IAUC 4h for glucose and insulin tended to be lower than those of dinner at 2100 (IAUC glucose 269±76 mmol/L×min, p=0.