Treatment of both cell types with their IC50’s of Cu/CuO NPs resulted in DNA damage besides the generation of reactive oxygen species and consequently the generation of a state of oxidative stress. CONCLUSION Overall, it can be concluded that the IC50’s of the prepared Cu/CuO NPs were cytotoxic and genotoxic to both normal and cancerous lung cells. BACKGROUND Cisplatin (CIS) is widely used in the chemotreatment of pediatric tumors. However, the CIS use is limited because of its high incidence of toxicity, mainly nephrotoxicity. Although there are many studies about CIS-related nephrotoxicity in animal models, only a few studies focus on juvenile animals. Because redox disturbances have been associated with kidney damage induced by CIS, this study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Ebselen and diphenyl diselenide (PhSe)2 against nephrotoxicity induced by CIS in juvenile rats. METHODS Juvenile Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups rats from groups I to III received an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection with saline solution. The other groups received CIS (i.p., 6 mg/kg) on the first day. One hour before CIS injection and on the next four days, animals of groups III and V were intragastrically treated with Ebselen (11 mg/kg) whereas those from groups IV and VI received (PhSe)2 (12 mg/kg). After 24 h of the last treatment, blood and kidney were collected, and the parameters of renal function and oxidative stress were determined. RESULTS Kidney damage induced by CIS was confirmed by the increase of creatinine, urea and uric acid levels in the blood of juvenile rats. The renal oxidative disturbance was characterized by an increase in the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), protein carbonyl, and nitrogen oxides (Nox), as well as the decrease in non-protein thiol content (NPSH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. CIS inhibited the activities of δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (δ-ALA-D) and Na+, K+-ATPase and down-regulated the Nrf2/Keap-1/HO-1 pathway in the kidney of juvenile rats. CONCLUSION Both Ebselen and (PhSe)2 modulated back to the normal levels all parameters altered by the CIS administration in the kidney of juvenile rats. Thus, this study shows that (PhSe)2 was as effective as Ebselen in protecting the kidney against oxidative damage caused by CIS in rats. PURPOSE To design and evaluate a self-trainable natural language processing (NLP)-based procedure to classify unstructured radiology reports. The method enabling the generation of curated datasets is exemplified on CT pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) reports. METHOD We extracted the impressions of CTPA reports created at our institution from 2016 to 2018 (n = 4397; language German). The status (pulmonary embolism yes/no) was manually labelled for all exams. Data from 2016/2017 (n = 2801) served as a ground truth to train three NLP architectures that only require a subset of reference datasets for training to be operative. The three architectures were as follows a convolutional neural network (CNN), a support vector machine (SVM) and a random forest (RF) classifier. Impressions of 2018 (n = 1377) were kept aside and used for general performance measurements. Furthermore, we investigated the dependence of classification performance on the amount of training data with multiple simulations. RESULTS The classification performance of all three models was excellent (accuracies 97 %-99 %; F1 scores 0.88-0.97; AUCs 0.993-0.997). Highest accuracy was reached by the CNN with 99.1 % (95 % CI 98.5-99.6 %). Training with 470 labelled impressions was sufficient to reach an accuracy of > 93 % with all three NLP architectures. CONCLUSION Our NLP-based approaches allow for an automated and highly accurate retrospective classification of CTPA reports with manageable effort solely using unstructured impression sections. We demonstrated that this approach is useful for the classification of radiology reports not written in English. Moreover, excellent classification performance is achieved at relatively small training set sizes. Nitrate reductase is a nitric oxide (NO) induced enzyme in plants, NO acts as a signaling molecule under ZnO NPs-induced stress whereas melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) could improve morpho-physiological attributes of plants under adverse conditions. In present study, seedlings of two rice genotypes differed regarding nitrate reductase activities i.e., transgenic 'NR’ and wild type 'WT’ were applied with two melatonin levels i.e., 0, 10 μΜ regarded as M0, M10, respectively and three levels of ZnO NPs i.e., 0, 50, 500 mg L-1 regarded as ZnO NPs0, ZnO NPs50 and ZnO NPs500, respectively. Results revealed that melatonin application substantially increased the dry biomass accumulation of both rice genotypes under all ZnO NPs levels. The root growth, mineral absorption as well as the antioxidant responses were also improved by melatonin application under ZnO NPs stress. The interactive effects of melatonin and genotype on plant growth, antioxidant responses and mineral contents i.e., Zn, Na, Fe and Mn were also found significant under different ZnO NPs stress. Furthermore, total plant dry weight was significantly correlated with the leaf dry weight, root volume, catalase (CAT) activity in leaves, Na accumulation in stem sheath and Fe accumulation in root under both M0 and M10 treatments. Moreover, the comparative transcriptome analysis identified key genes which were responsible for melatonin and NO-induced modulations in plant growth under ZnO NPs stress. Overall, melatonin could improve the morphological growth of the rice plants by modulating root-shoot characteristics, antioxidant activities and mineral uptake in root and shoot of rice. Human exposure to formaldehyde, toluene, xylene (FTX) and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are associated with negative health impact. To characterize the exposure and health effects of FTX and TVOC from indoor environments, we conducted an extensive monitoring campaign involving 1278 measurements of 472 indoor locations in Harbin, a megacity in China from May 2013 to March 2018. The results showed that household had the highest mean formaldehyde concentration (0.171 ± 0.084 mg m-3) among all types of indoor environments. Meanwhile, there was no significant differences in formaldehyde concentration of the living room, master bedroom, secondary bedroom and study room (p > 0.05), as well as toluene and xylene. The highest mean concentration of toluene, xylene and TVOC was measured in public bath center. Great difference was found between formaldehyde concentrations in 2013 and other years, except 2015. There were great positive nonlinear correlations between the indoor temperature and concentration of formaldehyde (p  less then  0.01), good negative nonlinear correlations between the finish time of decoration and concentration of formaldehyde (p  less then  0.01), good positive linear correlations between the relative humidity and concentration of formaldehyde (p  less then  0.01). A risk assessment methodology was utilized to evaluate the potential adverse health effects of the individual FTX compounds according to their carcinogenicities. The predicted carcinogenic risk of formaldehyde was greater than the threshold value 1E-06 at all environments. The non-carcinogenic risk of TX compounds in the population is negligible. For estimating human health risk exposure, sensitivity analysis showed that more attention should be given to the influential variables such as the level of pollutants. The lacewing, Chrysoperla sinica, is an important predatory insect, which plays an important role in the integrated pest management of agroforestry pests. However, the extensive use of insecticides negatively affects C. sinica. The acute toxicity, risk level, and, sublethal effects on growth and production, predation ability, protective enzyme activity and genotoxicity of four insecticides indoxacarb, emamectin benzoate, imidacloprid and lambda-cyhalothrin to C. sinica were studied. The results showed that all four insecticides had lethal toxicity to larvae of C. sinica. Among them, emamectin benzoate had the highest toxicity with LC50 value of 7.41 mg/L. The insecticides also had different effects on the growth and reproduction of C. sinica, of which lambda-cyhalothrin had the greatest impacts. Even at a very low LC1 concentration (3.37 mg/L), it had strong impacts on the growth, reproduction and predatory ability of C. sinica. The four insecticides also caused a decrease in the predatory ability of the lacewing, of which lambda-cyhalothrin had the greatest effect. During the larval stage, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) were significantly decreased by the four insecticides. At the pupal and adult stages, the effects of the four insecticides on the activities of protective enzymes were different, and the activities of SOD, CAT and POD decreased or increased. Indoxacarb and lambda-cyhalothrin exposure induced DNA damage in the haemocytes of C. sinica and produced obvious genotoxicity. These results provide important scientific basis for the rational use of these insecticides and the protection and utilization of lacewing. Recently, oilseed rape has gathered interest for its ability to withstand elevated metal contents in plant, a key feature for remediation of contaminated soils. In this study, comparative and functional metabolomic analyses using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry were undertaken to explore the metabolic basis of this attribute under cadmium (Cd) stress. Results revealed both conserved and differential metabolomic responses between genotype CB671 (tolerant Cd-accumulating) and its sensitive counterpart ZD622. CB671 responded to Cd stress by rearranging carbon flux towards production of compatible solutes, sugar storage forms and ascorbate, as well as jasmonates, ethylene and vitamin B6. Intriguingly, IAA abundance was reduced by 1.91-fold, which was in connection with tryptophan funnelling into serotonin (3.48-fold rise). In ZD622 by contrast, Cd provoked drastic depletion of carbohydrates and vitamins, but subtle hormones alteration. A striking accumulation of unsaturated fatty acids and oxylipins in CB671, paralleled by glycerophospholipids build-up and induction of inositol-derived signalling metabolites (up to 5.41-fold) suggested ability for prompt triggering of detoxifying mechanisms. Concomitantly, phytosteroids, monoterpenes and carotenoids were induced, denoting fine-tuned mechanisms for membrane maintenance, which was not evident in ZD622. Further, ZD622 markedly accumulated phenolics from upstream sub-classes of flavonoids; in CB671 however, a distinct phenolic wiring was activated, prioritizing anthocyanins and lignans instead. Along with cell wall (CW) saccharides, the activation of lignans evoked CW priming in CB671. Current results have demonstrated existence of notable metabolomic-based strategies for Cd tolerance in metal-accumulating oilseed rapes, and provided a holistic view of metabolites potentially contributing to Cd tolerance in this species. The aqueous-based interfacial tracer method employing miscible-displacement tests is one method available for measuring air-water interfacial areas. One potential limitation to the method is the impact of tracer-induced drainage on the system. The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of a low-concentration tracer test method for measuring air-water interfacial area. Tracer concentrations and analytical methods were selected that allowed the use of tracer input concentrations that were below the threshold of tracer-induced drainage. Multiple tracer tests were conducted at different water saturations. Interfacial areas increased from 34.8 to 101 cm-1 with the decrease in saturation from 0.86 to 0.62. The method produced relatively robust measurements of air-water interfacial area, with coefficients of variation ranging from 6 to 26%. A variably saturated flow and transport model that accounts for the effects of tracer on interfacial tension, and the retention of tracer at the air-water and solid-water interfaces, was used to test for potential tracer-induced drainage.