Participants’ knowledge regarding the topic was measured three times at the start and end of the experiment, and one week after the experiment to determine knowledge retention. Data were analysed by means of a 2×2 and 4×3 repeated-measures ANOVA.

The results suggest that participants who engaged in individual self- or dyadic explanations significantly outperformed participants in the two control conditions in terms of learning and retention (F=5.67, Wilks Λ=0.94, P=.019, η

=0.05). Moreover, the results suggest that dyadic explanations were more effective than individual self-explanations (F=3.70, Wilks Λ=0.83, P=.002, η

=0.09).

These outcomes suggest that encouraging students to work in pairs or in small teams to prepare for a learning event results in superior preparation and learning.

These outcomes suggest that encouraging students to work in pairs or in small teams to prepare for a learning event results in superior preparation and learning.Despite the strong evidence on circadian rhythm disruption in shift workers and consequent increased vulnerability for infection, longitudinal association between shift work and COVID-19 infection is unexplored. In this study, data from UK Biobank participants who were tested for COVID-19 infection (16 March to 7 September 2020) were used to explore the link between shift work and COVID-19 infection. Using the baseline occupational information, participants were categorised as non-shift workers, day shift workers, mixed shift workers and night shift workers. Multivariable regression models were used to assess the association between shift work and COVID-19 infection. Among the 18,221 participants (9.4% positive cases), 11.2% were health workers, and 16.4% were involved in shift-work-based jobs. Ethnic minorities (18%) and people in night-shift-based jobs (18.1%) had a significantly higher prevalence of COVID-19 infection than others. Adjusted logistics regression model suggest that, compared with their counterparts, people employed in a night-shift-based job were 1.85-fold (95% CI 1.42-2.41) more likely to have COVID-19 infection. Sensitivity analysis focusing on people working in a non-healthcare setting suggests that people in shift-work-based jobs had 1.81-fold (95% CI 1.04%-3.18%) higher odds of COVID-19 infection than their counterparts. Shift workers, particularly night shift workers, irrespective of their occupational group, seem to be at high risk of COVID-19 infection. If similar results are obtained from other studies, then it would mandate to revisit the criteria for defining high-risk groups for COVID-19 and implementing appropriate interventions to protect people in shift-based jobs.

Accumulating evidences have shown that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play key roles in many diseases, including cancer. Several studies reported that MCM3AP antisense RNA 1 (MCM3AP-AS1) was associated with the tumorigenesis and progression. However, the specific function and mechanism of MCM3AP-AS1 in colorectal cancer (CRC) have not been fully understood.

The expression of MCM3AP-AS1 was detected by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) in CRC tissues and matched noncancerous tissues (NCTs). CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, transwell assay, xenograft and lung metastasis mouse models were used to examine the tumor-promoting function of MCM3AP-AS1 in vitro and in vivo. The binding relationship between MCM3AP-AS1, miR-193a-5p and sentrin-specific peptidase 1 (SENP1) were screened and identified by databases, RT-qPCR, dual luciferase reporter assay and western blot.

In the present study, we got that the expression of MCM3AP-AS1 was higher in CRC tissues than in paired NCTs, and increased MCM3AP-AS1 expression was associated with adverse outcomes in CRC patients. Functional experiments in vitro revealed that silencing of MCM3AP-AS1 could inhibit the proliferation, colony formation, migratory, and invasive abilities of CRC cells. The mouse models of xenograft and lung metastasis further confirmed that in vivo silencing MCM3AP-AS1 could significantly inhibit the growth and metastasis of CRC. Further mechanism studies indicated that MCM3AP-AS1 could sponge miR-193a-5p and inhibit the activity of it. What is more, SENP1 was proved to be a novel target of miR-193a-5p and could be upregulated by MCM3AP-AS1. At last, we observed that SENP1 overexpression in CRC tissues was closely related to unfavorable prognosis.

Taken together, we identified in CRC the MCM3AP-AS1/miR-193a-5p/SENP1 regulatory axis, which affords a therapeutic possibility for CRC.

Taken together, we identified in CRC the MCM3AP-AS1/miR-193a-5p/SENP1 regulatory axis, which affords a therapeutic possibility for CRC.Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive fatal neurodegenerative disease with no cure or effective treatments. The hallmarks of disease include extracellular plaques and intracellular tangles of aggregated protein. The intracellular tangles consist of the microtubule associated protein tau. Preventing the pathological aggregation of tau may be an important therapeutic approach to treat disease. In this study we show that small heat shock protein 22 kDa (Hsp22) can prevent the aggregation of tau in vitro. Additionally, tau can undergo liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in the presence of crowding reagents which causes it to have an increased aggregation rate. We show that Hsp22 can modulate both the aggregation and LLPS behavior of tau in vitro.

We examined the association between the number of words used at age 2.5years and deficits in intellectual functioning at age 7years, in 549 children, and whether such association is confirmed by parental concern about the child’s development.

Parental reports of how many words their children used at age 2.5years were analysed for the association to intellectual functioning (assessed with Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children – Fourth Edition,WISC-IV) at age 7years using linear regression, adjusting for sex, maternal education level, parental IQ and smoking during pregnancy. Parental concern at age 7years was examined with the Early Symptomatic Syndromes Eliciting Neurodevelopmental Clinical Examinations-Questionnaire (ESSENCE-Q).

Adjusted linear regression showed that use of 50 words or fewer at age 2.5years, relative to use of more than 50 words, was associated with lower scores of Full-scale IQ (B=7.27, p=0.001), verbal comprehension (B=8.53, p<0.001), working memory (B=9.04, p<0.001) and perceptual reasoning (B=4.21, p=0.045), in the WISC-IV, at age 7years. Parental concern was more common in the group that used 50 words or fewer (Mann-Whitney U test, p=0.011).

This easily accessible measure of number of words seems to be a valuable marker for intellectual functioning later in life.

This easily accessible measure of number of words seems to be a valuable marker for intellectual functioning later in life.This study aims to investigate the protective effect of roflumilast, a phosphodiesterase (PDE)-4 enzyme inhibitor, and demonstrate its possible role in the development prevention of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CI/RI) after stroke induced by carotid artery ligation in juvenile rats. The rats were randomly divided into five groups healthy group without any treatment, healthy group administered with 1 mg/kg roflumilast, CI group not administered with roflumilast, CI group administered with 0.5 mg/kg roflumilast, and CI group administered with 1 mg/kg roflumilast. In the CI groups, reperfusion was achieved 2h after ischemia induction; in the roflumilast groups, this drug was intraperitoneally administered immediately after reperfusion and at the 12th hour. At the end of 24h, the rats were sacrificed and their brain tissues removed for examination. The mRNA expressions obtained with real-time PCR of IL-1β, TNF-α, and NLRP3 significantly increased in the CI/RI-induced groups compared with the control groud this effect may be mediated by NLRP3.

To compare three types of biopsy forceps for hysteroscopic endometrial biopsy in postmenopausal women.

Postmenopausal women undergoing operative hysteroscopy with endometrial biopsy for abnormal uterine bleeding or endometrial thickness (≥5mm) were included. Operative hysteroscopy with endometrial biopsy was performed by hysteroscopic forceps. Women were randomized (111 ratio) in three groups and allocated to undergo endometrial biopsy by hysteroscopy using spoon, alligator, or snake forceps.

Seventy-five women were included in the study, 25 in each group. The duration of the biopsy was comparable between the three groups (P=0.334) with a median of 180 seconds (range 20-480 seconds). No differences were observed about the number of attempts (P=0.602), the use of another instrument (P=0.276), and the biopsy appropriateness (P=0.592). The spoon forceps group reported higher levels of pain compared to the alligator and snake forceps groups (P<0.001). The spoon forceps received significantly lower scores by the operator compared to the alligator and snake forceps (P<0.001). The alligator and snake forceps reported wider biopsy than the spoon forceps (P<0.001).

Snake and alligator hysteroscopic forceps may be considered the first choice to perform an endometrial biopsy in postmenopausal women. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03427957.

Snake and alligator hysteroscopic forceps may be considered the first choice to perform an endometrial biopsy in postmenopausal women. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03427957.

This study aimed to validate the Malnutrition Clinical Characteristics (MCC) compared with the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), considering anthropometric measures, comorbidities, and mortality in critically ill patients.

This longitudinal observational study included patients admitted to the general intensive care unit (ICU) of a public hospital. SGA was used as the reference standard for diagnosing malnutrition. The inclusion criteria were patients receiving nutrition support therapy and age >18 years. The nutrition therapy was optimized as close as possible to 100% of the patients’ energy and protein needs regardless of the access route. Hospital length of stay (LOS), comorbidities on admission, and death were documented during the entire hospitalization of each patient. Body mass index (BMI), midarm circumference (MAC), and calf circumference (CC) were considered anthropometric measures.

The convenience sample comprised 102 ICU patients. Comparing the original malnutrition classifications of SGA with MCC, the specificity was 87.5%, sensitivity was 100%, accuracy was 93.3%, positive predictive value was 87.5%, and negative predictive value was 100%. When classified in 2 groups, namely „well-nourished” and „malnourished,” specificity and sensitivity were 100% between both groups. Malnourished patients had significantly higher mortality rates (P = .006) and longer LOSs (P <.001). As expected, BMI, MAC, and CC results were similar for SGA and MCC.

MCC was a valid tool for classifying malnutrition in ICU patients. Because the evaluation is fast and does not require expensive equipment that is difficult to handle, it is believed to be practical, low-cost, and easy to use.

MCC was a valid tool for classifying malnutrition in ICU patients. Because the evaluation is fast and does not require expensive equipment that is difficult to handle, it is believed to be practical, low-cost, and easy to use.