01 ~ ≦ 4.00h are more likely to be overweight (OR = 1.94, 95% CI 1.10-3.42; OR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.03-2.65, respectively) or characterised by abdominal obesity (OR = 3.03, 95% CI 1.86-4.95; OR = 2.61, 95% CI 1.73-3.92, respectively) compared with dinner-to-bed time more than 5h. In addition, long dinner-to-bed time was associated with lower risks of overweight (OR = 0.83, 95% CI 0.70-0.97) and abdominal obesity (OR = 0.63, 95% CI 0.54-0.73). The cubic spline regression analysis showed that the association between dinner-to-bed time and overweight/abdominal obesity seems to be a linear.

This study indicates that short dinner-to-bed time is associated with an increased likelihood of being overweight or characterised by abdominal obesity among Chinese school-aged children.

Level V; cross-section descriptive study.

Level V; cross-section descriptive study.The global level of climate change agreement and the extensive development of China’s industrialization process have caused China to face severe pressures regarding energy conservation and emission reduction. Tourism industry plays an important role in promoting steady economic growth and improving ecological environment in China. The agglomeration economic effect it produces can reduce carbon emissions, but the crowding effect may not be conducive to low carbon development. Therefore, how to reduce carbon emissions while promoting the development of tourism industry has become an urgent problem. This paper measures the level of tourism industry agglomeration and carbon emission in 30 regions of China and uses the method of spatial econometrics to analyze the impact of tourism industry agglomeration on carbon emissions. The empirical results prove that tourism industry agglomeration can reduce the carbon emissions of local and neighboring regions in China. However, this does not mean that the larger the scale of tourism industry agglomeration, the more conducive to the reduction of carbon emissions. For developed tourism groups, the impact of agglomeration effect on carbon emissions of local and adjacent areas shows a U-shaped relationship. When the agglomeration level exceeds 1.963, the expansion of agglomeration scale will increase local carbon emissions. For underdeveloped tourism areas, there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between agglomeration level and carbon emissions both in local and adjacent areas. When the agglomeration level reaches 1.883, the expansion of agglomeration scale will reduce local carbon emissions. The conclusions provide a basis for Chinese government to guide the low-carbon development of the tourism industry from another perspective.The traditional mixing ventilation is not an energy effective approach to remove indoor air pollutants, maintain breath zone air quality, and control the airborne transmission. This study investigated the potential of a localized laminar airflow ventilation system to alleviate human exposure to pollutants. Breathing thermal manikins with sitting posture and supine posture were used to simulate the human. N2O was used as the tracer gas to simulate the indoor pollutant emission. The contaminant exposure index (εexp) and intake fraction index (IF) were used to assess the risk of human pollutant exposure for various supply air velocities given different emission source positions. Enhanced pollutant removal efficiency (Eff) (from the result) showed the qualification and desirability of the localized laminar airflow ventilation system in improving the breath zone air quality. The results showed that the CFD results could fit well with the experimental data and found out the interaction between thermal plume and supply air. The results also indicated a low εexp and IF, with over 90%, all of which were highly correlated with the supply velocity. Human’s different breathing methods have little influence on the pollutant exposure so as to the location of the pollution source. This study found that localized laminar airflow ventilation system could efficiently provide fresh air to the breathing zone without sacrificing the thermal environment around human. It can be used for small region air quality control such as that in the bedroom and living room where desired air quality is favored.The notable environmental concerns of the halogen-containing obnoxious conventional refrigerants have grounded to devise the environmentally benign and efficient cooling system. In view of this alarming issue, an experimental model cooling system based on pressure swing adsorption-desorption (PSAD) mechanism has been contrived for its performance assessment and analysis of isotherm modeling. The physicochemical properties of the wood apple (Limonia acidissima) shell-derived carbonized char are enhanced by multi-stage activation to obtain two activated carbon granular adsorbents viz. PCACG and ACG towards their application in the proposed system. The performance indicative microporous characteristics of the adsorbents are investigated, and it is observed that the indigenously prepared activated carbon possesses high surface area, i.e., 1065 m2 gm-1 and 1023 m2 gm -1 for PCACG and ACG, respectively. Carbon dioxide and bio-precursor-based adsorbents are used as adsorbent-adsorbate pair in the developed single-bed cooling system. The coefficient of performance (COP) of the cooling system are computed to be 4.93 and 2.79 utilizing PCACG and ACG, respectively while the cooling effects are quantified as 146.26 J s -1 and 128.48 J s-1.Besides, the CO2 gas adsorption mechanism onto solid adsorbent surfaces has been interpreted by Langmuir, Dubinin-Raduskevich (D-R), and Dubinin-Astakhov (D-A) isotherm models. Among them, D-A isotherm has accurately predicted the adsorption mechanism of carbon dioxide on to adsorbent. Importantly, the cost estimation of preparing PCACG and ACG exhibited the cost-effectiveness for their successful application. Based on their comparative characteristics, it is observed that the PCACG adsorbent is more energy efficient than ACG in the long run.Special mining methods and red soil lead to large-scale land degradation and desertification in ion-type rare earth (RE) mining areas. Therefore, it is crucial for ecological management and restoration of mining areas to accurately understand the evolution process of desertification. In this study, remote sensing Landsat images from 1986 to 2019 were used to extract desertified land information from the Lingbei mining areas, Dingnan County, Ganzhou, China. To improve the reliability of the experiment, samples selected from Google images were used for verification to compare the accuracy of the desertification difference index (DDI) model and random forest (RF) algorithm for extracting land desertification information. The results showed that compared with the DDI model, the overall accuracy and kappa coefficient of the RF model based on multiple features were improved by 7% and 9.37%, respectively, indicating its higher applicability. Spatiotemporal change analysis of desertification in the mining area showed that the total area of desertification in the mining area increased most rapidly during 1986-1994 and reached 60.75 km2. The area of desertified land increased continuously from 1994 to 2004 and reached a maximum of 143.08 km2 in 2004. The area of desertified land decreased by 50.27 km2, but the severe desertified land (SDL) area increased by 1.69 km2 during 2004-2011. The area of desertified land gradually declined and stabilized from 2011 to 2019. Analysis of the desertification process in mining areas under different disturbance conditions showed that the desertified land disturbed by RE mining was most severely damaged. There is still an area of 16.77 km2 in the process of restoration, of which 2.24 km2 belongs to the SDL level. Moderate desertified land (MDL) and light desertified land (LDL) have not been completely contained and require the attention of the relevant departments to ensure their timely reclamation.Black TiO2 and graphene oxide (GO) have attracted intensive attention as an effective catalyst on visible light driven for photodegrading of dyes. In this study, nano-black TiO2 was prepared by a simple hydrogenation of the anatase titanium oxide, and the graphene oxide was prepared by applying the modified Hummers method. The diffuse reflectance spectroscopy has been investigated to find out the optical energy gaps of the treated and nano-black samples. The prepared powders and nanofiber membranes are carefully examined to ensure their single phase and compound structure formation as well as to measure the equivalent crystallite size and particle distributions. The optimum degradation efficiency of malachite green and methylene blue dyes occurred at pH values of 8 and 10, respectively. The maximum photocatalytic degradation efficiencies of malachite green (MG) and methylene blue (MB) were found to be 74 and 39%, respectively, under visible light after 30 min. The degradation efficiency of MG is peaked at pH 8 and 20 mg of the nano-black TiO2. The stability and flexibility of the nanofibers allow their application in a continuous system and can be reused after several cycles.Frailty is a reversible state of reduced resilience to stressful events resulting from a multisystem impairment of the human body. As frailty progresses, people become more vulnerable to numerous adverse events, including falls and fractures, cognitive decline, disability, hospitalization, nursing home placement, and death. As such, substantial health care costs are associated with frailty. These features have led to the recognition of frailty as a public health problem. The identification of strategies for the management of frailty has, therefore, become a topic of extensive instigation. In this context, resistance (RT) and power training (PT) have received considerable attention, and experts in the field have recently suggested that both training modalities may improve frailty-related parameters. However, most studies have only included robust people and investigated frailty as a secondary outcome, so that current literature only allows RT and PT preventive programs against frailty to be designed. Here, we provide evidence-based critical recommendations for the prescription of RT and PT programs against incident frailty in community-dwellers.

Although the burden ofinfluenzainfection is the highest inolderadults,vaccination coverage remains low, despite this age group being more vulnerable than others.

Given the current pandemic of SARS-CoV-2, it was the aim of this scope review to update knowledge on factors affecting seasonal influenza vaccineuptake among older adults to strengthen prevention approaches in the context of an overall burden of infectious diseases.

We searched bibliographic databases from 2012 to 2019. All studies reviewed one or moresocial determinant of health listed by WHO, or factors affecting the decision-making process whether to accept influenza vaccine or not.

Overall, 44 studies were included, 41 determinants were extracted and summarized into six categories. Older age and constitutional factors including multiple chronic diseases as well as preventive lifestyle and frequent routine healthcare utilization positively affected vaccination uptake (VU). Living and working conditions are also researched determinants of influenza vaccine uptake.