When making choices in novel contexts-including determining who to choose for social and emotional support-participants generalized trait knowledge from past contexts that required similar traits. Reward-based learning, by contrast, demonstrated significantly weaker context-sensitivity and generalization. These findings suggest that people form context-dependent trait impressions from interactive feedback and use this knowledge to make flexible social decisions. These results support a novel theoretical account of how interaction-based social learning can support context-specific impression formation and adaptive decision-making. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).States refer to our momentary thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Average states (aggregates across multiple time points) are discussed as a more accurate and objective measure of personality compared to global self-reports since they do not only rely on people’s general beliefs about themselves. Specifically, Finnigan and Vazire (2018) argued that, if average states better capture what a person is actually like, this should be reflected in their unique association with informant-reports of personality, and tested this idea based on two experience-sampling studies. Their results showed, however, that average self-reported states did not predict global informant-reported personality above and beyond global self-reports. In this research, we aimed at replicating and extending these results. We used data of five studies (total N = 806) that involved global self- and informant-reports and employed a variety of different experience-sampling methods (time-based with different sampling schedules, event-based). Across all studies, the original results (i.e., no incremental effects of average self-reported states) were replicated. Furthermore, as an extension to the original study, we found that average other-reported states (provided by peers, results based on one study) did indeed predict global informant-reports above and beyond global self-reports. These findings highlight the importance of differentiating between method effects (global reports vs. average states) from source of information effects (self vs. other). We discuss these results, focusing on the suitability of using informant-reports as a criterion variable and conceptual differences between assessment methods. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Despite the well-established relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and health and well-being across the life course, there is a limited understanding of ACEs among diverse populations. The purpose of this study was to develop a new measure, the ACE-I, which consists of adversities that may be more relevant among immigrant populations, and to compare these rates to those of traditionally studied ACEs.

Data for this study comes from a community sample of 338 Latino immigrant adolescents who completed an 11-item measure of traditional ACEs and a novel 13-item measure of immigrant-specific ACEs (ACE-I) as part of the intake process for a positive youth development program.

While the scores of the two ACEs measure were correlated (

= .16), immigrant youth, on average, reported more adversities on the ACE-I measure than the traditional ACEs measure (3.6 vs. 1.6). Overall, individual ACE-I items were more likely to be endorsed than traditional ACE items. Fit indexes from a confirmatory fah and families. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

On the assumption that coping with a crisis from a position of vulnerability may elicit not only negative but also positive outcomes, this study examined posttraumatic growth (PTG) among Jewish and Arab pregnant women 6-7 months into the COVID-19 pandemic, exploring the contribution of ethnicity, personal resources (intolerance of uncertainty, optimism, and self-compassion), and COVID-19-related anxieties. In addition, the moderating roles of ethnicity, optimism, and self-compassion were examined.

A convenience sample of 916 Israeli women (517 Jewish, 399 Arab) was recruited from July 5 to October 7, 2020. through women’s forums on social media. The participants completed an electronic questionnaire through Qualtrics software.

Arab women reported significantly higher PTG, COVID-19-related anxieties, optimism, and self-compassion than Jewish women. A 6-step hierarchical regression that was performed to determine the contribution of the independent variables to PTG revealed that younger age, being primiparous, being an Arab, optimism, self-compassion, and COVID-19-related anxieties were associated with greater PTG. Furthermore, a positive association between intolerance of uncertainty and PTG was found among Jewish, but not Arab women. Finally, the positive association between intolerance of uncertainty and PTG was stronger among women reporting higher self-compassion.

The study sheds light on the potential for the positive outcome of PTG in the wake of the prolonged COVID-19 crisis and highlights the contribution of vulnerability and personal resources. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

The study sheds light on the potential for the positive outcome of PTG in the wake of the prolonged COVID-19 crisis and highlights the contribution of vulnerability and personal resources. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associated with a multitude of physical, psychological, and psychosocial issues including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). While the presence of posttraumatic symptoms has been reported in the general population, little is known about the prevalence of PTSD in patients who experienced a traumatic COVID-19 infection or sequelae. There are currently no documented reports on the treatment of PTSD in patients with COVID-19-related index traumas. The present case study details the use of cognitive processing therapy for PTSD in a patient with multiple COVID-19 infections and post-COVID-19 syndrome. The patient successfully completed treatment and reported a clinically significant change in PTSD symptoms, providing preliminary support for this evidence-based treatment protocol among patients with COVID-19-related index traumas. This case study highlights the need for PTSD symptom screening among patients with COVID-19 and referral to evidence-based psychological interventions. Recommendations for providers who regularly interface with patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and provide trauma-focused treatments are provided. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) occurs at high rates among college students, and there is an urgent need to develop brief and accessible interventions to help these at-risk students achieve academic and career success. This open-trial pilot study tested the feasibility and effectiveness of Written Exposure Therapy (WET; Sloan & Marx, 2019), a brief, five-session exposure-based treatment, when delivered in a real-world Counseling Services Center. Students who met criteria for probable PTSD were assessed at baseline, posttreatment, and 3-month follow-up using self-report assessments of PTSD and depression. Of 28 eligible college students, 22/28 (78.6%) completed at least one treatment session, and of those students, 14/22 (63.6%) completed the full five sessions, 12 of whom completed both the posttreatment assessment and the 3-month follow-up assessment. Data were analyzed using intent-to-treat (N = 22) and per-protocol (n = 12) samples. As hypothesized, in both samples, PTSD symptoms decreased from baseline to posttreatment (η² = .60-.81; very large effects), and these improvements were maintained at the 3-month follow-up. Similar findings were observed with respect to decreases in self-reported depression, but not with respect to decreases in educational impairment or increases in academic self-efficacy. Qualitative data indicated that both students and therapists found the treatment credible and acceptable. These findings offer preliminary support for the utility of WET for PTSD when delivered in a student counseling services center. Suggestions for adapting WET within a student counseling services environment are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).Access to effective, replicable services is critical to reduce known mental health disparities for sexual and gender minority or LGBTQ+ veterans (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, questioning, and related identities). This paper examines the impact of a manualized 10-week health education group, called PRIDE in All Who Served on veteran patient experience, protective factors (e.g., identity acceptance), and mental health outcomes (e.g., suicide risk) at 10 Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) facilities. Implementation facilitation strategies (e.g., consultation, staff training) supported adoption at new sites and initial facilitators and barriers are described. Forty-four veterans (M = 47.21 years old) completed outcome surveys before and after the group. Significant improvement in acceptance concerns, identity uncertainty, community involvement, and likelihood of future suicide attempts were observed; other changes in mental health symptoms were not replicated in this sample (e.g., depression, anxiety). Open-ended veteran feedback reflected improved social support and engagement and increased self-understanding as the most frequent themes. At the facility level, Healthcare Equality Index scores (a Human Rights Campaign measure of affirmative care climate) improved from 30% to 90% achieving top-performer/leader status from pre- to postimplementation. Manualized approaches, like PRIDE in All Who Served, that are based on established minority stress models and can be spread for use with diverse LGBTQ+ veterans (e.g., age, race, gender identity, sexual orientation, rurality, housing) are needed. The PRIDE in All Who Served program is an increasingly available resource to VA clinicians advocating for greater health equity within a national healthcare setting. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).The ability of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF; Ben-Porath & Tellegen, 2008/2011) scores to predict treatment engagement in veterans referred for empirically supported treatments for symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) was examined. Early withdrawal from treatment and process factors, such as adherence and therapy session attendance, were examined in 100 veterans seeking treatment for trauma-related symptoms who were referred to a Veterans Health Administration medical center’s tertiary care clinic for Prolonged Exposure (PE) or Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT). Veterans who scored higher on MMPI-2-RF scales associated with emotional/internalizing problems were more likely to be referred to PE or CPT, but individuals with the highest scores on those scales were also more likely to withdraw before completing treatment. These findings suggest Harkness and Lilienfeld’s (1997) call to use personality assessment to guide treatment planning holds promise to better understand treatment engagement.