The means of the clinical groups (controls versus AD), in the 2 schooling levels, differed significantly in most of the tests, except for the CERAD Constructive Praxis and the Stick Design Test. Diagnostic accuracy was not significantly different between the compared tests.

Commonly used screening tests for AD were as accurate as those expected to overcome the education bias in a sample of older adults with lower or no education.

Commonly used screening tests for AD were as accurate as those expected to overcome the education bias in a sample of older adults with lower or no education.This state-of-the-science review highlights the unique experiences of the correctional health care advanced practice nurse and the risks involved with repeated exposure to violent behavior, verbal assaults, and other rigors of working within a correctional facility. This article also investigates the outcomes of these risks such as compassion fatigue, vicarious trauma, and burnout. As each of these terms is dissected, insight into the correctional health care advanced practice nurse’s daily experience emerges. Very little literature exists on the topic of correctional nursing and the pitfalls of this field; however, all literature that examines these phenomena indicate that innate qualities such as resilience, along with efforts of education and awareness, will empower any advanced practice nurse to endure and overcome the high-risk field of correctional nursing.

Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data.

To identify modifiable factors associated with successful return to work 12 weeks following discectomy. Lumbar disc herniation is a common cause of sciatica and sick leave. This presents an economic burden to the individual and the society.

Data from DaneSpine on a consecutive cohort of patients operated due to lumbar disc herniation during a 3-year period was identified and merged with data from the Ministry of Employment’s register on public welfare payments. Data on welfare payments 2 years prior to the date of operation and 1 year postoperative was included. Patients were considered to be on sick leave if they received welfare payments for the week. Patients are considered to have returned to work if they did not receive public welfare payments for a 4-week period.

Of 1134 patients meeting inclusion criteria, 98.5% had complete preoperative surgical data available. Postoperatively, 79.1% of the patients returned to the work within 12 weeks. Physically demanding jobs, low preoperative EQ5D score, and long duration of sick leave prior to surgery were associated negatively with return to work at 12 weeks.

The results of this study indicate that patients who have a longer duration of sick leave have a physically demanding job and are in a poor health are more likely not to return to work by 12 weeks after surgery for lumbar disc herniation. Future studies are needed to determine if earlier referral to a surgeon leads to an earlier return to work.

The results of this study indicate that patients who have a longer duration of sick leave have a physically demanding job and are in a poor health are more likely not to return to work by 12 weeks after surgery for lumbar disc herniation. Future studies are needed to determine if earlier referral to a surgeon leads to an earlier return to work.

The aims of the study were to assess the anti-inflammatory properties of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and investigate its regenerative potential in osteoarthritic (OA) human chondrocytes. We hypothesized that PRP can modulate the inflammatory response and stimulate cartilage regeneration.

Primary human chondrocytes from OA knees were treated with manually prepared PRP, after which cell migration and proliferation were assessed. Next, tumor necrosis factor-α-stimulated chondrocytes were treated with a range of concentrations of PRP. Expression of genes involved in inflammation and chondrogenesis was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. In addition, chondrocytes were cultured in PRP gels and fibrin gels consisting of increasing concentrations of PRP. The production of cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) was assessed. Deposition and release of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and collagen was quantitatively determined and visualized by (immuno)histochemistry. Proliferation was assessed by quantitative measurement of DNA.

Both migration and the inflammatory response were altered by PRP, while proliferation was stimulated. Expression of chondrogenic markers COL2A1 and ACAN was downregulated by PRP, independent of PRP concentration. Chondrocytes cultured in PRP gel for 28 days proliferated significantly more when compared with chondrocytes cultured in fibrin gels. This effect was dose dependent. Significantly less GAGs and collagen were produced by chondrocytes cultured in PRP gels when compared with fibrin gels. This was qualitatively confirmed by histology.

PRP stimulated chondrocyte proliferation, but not migration. Also, production of cartilage ECM was strongly downregulated by PRP. Furthermore, PRP did not act anti-inflammatory on chondrocytes in an

inflammation model.

PRP stimulated chondrocyte proliferation, but not migration. Also, production of cartilage ECM was strongly downregulated by PRP. Furthermore, PRP did not act anti-inflammatory on chondrocytes in an in vitro inflammation model.

Allograft reconstruction of the peroneal tendons is an option for treatment of major tears of 1 or both peroneal tendons. No consensus on a superior distal fixation method has been reported. The purpose of the study was to compare load to failure and stiffness of a Pulvertaft weave (PTW) through a residual tendon stump to direct-to-bone interference screw (IS) fixation.

Fifteen pairs of long leg cadaver specimens were used. All grafts were secured proximally to the peroneus brevis myotendinous junction via a PTW technique. Distally, the tendons were either sutured to the peroneus brevis stump via PTW or secured to the base of the fifth metatarsal via IS. Stiffness (slope of force/displacement) was measured for the intact tendon and after reconstruction, and finally each specimen was loaded to failure.

Mean load to failure was significantly higher in the PTW group compared with the IS group (373.6 ± 265.5 N vs 150.1 ± 93.1 N;

= .01). The PTW and IS groups had significantly lower stiffness compared with the intact specimens (

< .001). There was no statistical significance in stiffness between the 2 techniques (

= .96).

The PTW technique yielded higher load to failure in comparison to IS. There was no difference in overall construct stiffness between both techniques. Both constructs demonstrated 19% decrease in stiffness compared to the intact state.

The PTW and IS constructs were biomechanically similar, and these results suggest that both should be moderately overtensioned to compensate for an inherent decreased initial stiffness.

The PTW and IS constructs were biomechanically similar, and these results suggest that both should be moderately overtensioned to compensate for an inherent decreased initial stiffness.

We examined whether waterpipe café, vape shop, and traditional tobacco retailer (e.g. stores selling cigarettes, cigars, smokeless tobacco) locations were associated with census tract composition and tobacco use among young adults in North Carolina and Virginia.

We identified waterpipe cafés, vape shops, and traditional tobacco retailers in North Carolina and Virginia and conducted multivariable analyses between community characteristics (gender, race, ethnicity, education, college enrollment, and poverty) and density per 1000 population. Using fall 2017 data from 1099 young adults residing in North Carolina and Virginia, we conducted logistic regression analyses to determine whether tobacco retailer density and proximity were associated with tobacco use.

Waterpipe café, vape shop, and traditional retailer density were higher in communities with more people who were Hispanic, college-educated, and college-enrolled (each

< .05). Waterpipe café and traditional retailer density were higher in commu(p less then .05). Waterpipe café and vape shop proximity were associated with increased likelihood of waterpipe tobacco use in the past 6 months (each p less then .05; unadjusted). Traditional retailer proximity and waterpipe café, vape shop, and traditional retailer density were not associated with tobacco use. Conclusions Waterpipe cafés and vape shops are located in both impoverished and college-educated communities in North Carolina and Virginia, similar to where traditional tobacco retailers are located. Further research is needed to examine associations with tobacco use.

To explore health care providers’ views on the acceptability and feasibility of two models for integrating facility-based counsellor delivered mental health counselling into chronic disease care, and how such an approach could be improved in South Africa.

Fourteen focus group discussions and 25 in-depth individual interviews were conducted with 109 health care workers and facility managers from 24 primary health clinics in the Western Cape, South Africa.

Findings suggested that despite recent efforts to integrate mental health counselling into chronic disease services for common mental disorders, there remains limited availability of psychosocial and psychological counselling. Feedback on the two models of integration suggested equipoise and the potential of a hybrid approach where these approaches may be tailored to the specific needs and available resources of each facility. Participants identified constraints within the health system and broader social context that require consideration for integrating mental health counselling into chronic disease care.

Although study participants unanimously agreed that counselling for common mental disorders should be integrated into chronic disease services, they had differing views on the type of model that should be adopted. There is a need for further testing of the two models and aspects of the health service that may require strengthening to implement any such model.

Although study participants unanimously agreed that counselling for common mental disorders should be integrated into chronic disease services, they had differing views on the type of model that should be adopted. There is a need for further testing of the two models and aspects of the health service that may require strengthening to implement any such model.

To quantify soft tissue facial asymmetry (FA) in children with nonsyndromic and Muenke syndrome-associated unicoronal synostosis (NS-UCS and MS-UCS), hypothesizing that MS-UCS presents with significantly larger FA than NS-UCS.

Retrospective cohort study.

Twenty-one children (mean age 0.6 years; range 0.1-1.4 years) were included in the study (NS-UCS = 14; MS-UCS = 7). From presurgical computed tomography scans, facial surfaces were constructed for analysis. A landmark guided atlas was deformed to match each patient’s surface, obtaining spatially detailed left-right point correspondence. Facial asymmetry was calculated in each surface point across the face, as the length (mm) of an asymmetry vector, with its Cartesian components providing 3 directions. Mean FA was calculated for the full face, and the forehead, eye, nose, cheek, mouth, and chin regions.

For the full face, a significant difference of 2.4 mm (

= .001) was calculated between the 2 groups, predominately in the transverse direction (1.5 mm;

< .