22, 95% CI [0.73,31.72],

= 0.04,

0.608). Rural centers are trailing behind in innovative treatments (MD = 0.62, 95% CI [0.23,1.00],

= 0.002,

= 0.457). Motivation (r

= 0.224,

= 0.002) and appreciation (r

= 0.215,

= 0.003) were statistically significant personal factors influencing innovation utilization.

There is a wide range of innovation across RO centers in the United States. RO centers in the United States are not practicing as innovative as reasonably achievable.

This work quantified how innovative RO in the United States is and results provide guidance on how to improve it in the future.

This work quantified how innovative RO in the United States is and results provide guidance on how to improve it in the future.

Chest CT can provide a simple quantitative assessment of the extent of the parenchymal opacities in COVID-19 patients. In this study, we postulate that CT findings can be used to ascertain the overall disease burden and predict the clinical outcome.

In this prospective study undertaken from March 28, 2020, until May 20, 2020, 142 patients with CT features suggestive of viral pneumonia, and positive RT-PCR for COVID-19 were enrolled. A dedicated spiral CT scanner was used for all COVID-19 suspects. CT features were reported as typical, indeterminate, or atypical for COVID-19 pneumonia. A CT involvement score (CT-IS) was given to each scan and assigned mild, moderate, or severe category depending on the score range. The patients were followed up for at least 15 days.

Ground glass opacity was present in 100% of the patients. There was a significant association between CT-IS and the final outcome of the patients. A statistically significant increasing trend of mortality and requirement of critical medical attention was observed with the rising value of CT-IS in COVID-19.

The severe CT-IS score group has a high mortality. The CT-IS score could be valuable in predicting clinical outcome and could also be useful in triage of patients needing hospital admission. In situations where healthcare resources are limited, and patient load high, a more careful approach for patients with higher CT-IS scores could be indispensable.

CT-IS is a simple quantitative method for assessing the disease burden of COVID-19 cases. It can be invaluable in places with limited resources and high patient load to segregate patients requiring critical medical attention.

CT-IS is a simple quantitative method for assessing the disease burden of COVID-19 cases. It can be invaluable in places with limited resources and high patient load to segregate patients requiring critical medical attention.

Radiographers are key patient-facing healthcare professionals involved in many aspects of patient care. The working patterns and professional practice of the radiography workforce (RW) has been altered during the COVID-19 pandemic. This survey aimed to assess the impact of the pandemic on radiography practice in the United Kingdom (UK).

An online cross-sectional survey of the UK RW was performed (March 25th to April 26th, 2020). The survey sought information regarding 1. Demographics 2. Impact of the pandemic on professional practice 3. Infection prevention/control and 4. COVID-19 related stress. Data collected was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (v.26).

A total of 522 responses were received, comprising

= 412 (78.9%) diagnostic and

= 110 (21.1%) therapeutic RW categories from across the UK. 12.5% (65/522) of the respondents were redeployed. Redeployment did not appear to contribute (

= 0.31) to work-related stress. However, fear of contracting the infection and perceived inadequate personal protective equipment (PPE) were identified as key contributors to stress during the study period. Compared to the therapeutic RW, a significantly higher proportion of the diagnostic RW identified fear of being infected as a major stressor (166/412 (40.3%)

30/110 (27.3%),

= 0.01).

This survey has demonstrated changes to clinical practice, in particular to working patterns, service delivery and infection prevention and control were key contributors to workplace-related stress during the pandemic.

Timely and adequate staff training and availability of PPE as well as psychosocial support during future pandemics would enhance quality patient and staff safety.

Timely and adequate staff training and availability of PPE as well as psychosocial support during future pandemics would enhance quality patient and staff safety.

We describe the inter-rater agreement between Emergency Department (ED) clinicians and reporting radiologists in the interpretation of chest X-rays (CXRs) in patients presenting to ED with suspected COVID-19.

We undertook a retrospective cohort study of patients with suspected COVID-19. We compared ED clinicians’ and radiologists’ interpretation of the CXRs according to British Society of Thoracic Imaging (BSTI) guidelines, using the area under the receiver operator curve (ROC area).

CXRs of 152 cases with suspected COVID-19 infection were included. Sensitivity and specificity for 'classic’ COVID-19 CXR findings reported by ED clinician was 84 and 83%, respectively, with a ROC area of 0.84 (95%CI 0.77 to 0.90). Accuracy improved with ED clinicians’ experience, with ROC areas of 0.73 (95%CI 0.45 to 1.00), 0.81 (95%CI 0.73 to 0.89), 1.00 (95%CI 1.00 to 1.00) and 0.90 (95%CI 0.70 to 1.00) for foundation year doctors, senior house officers, higher speciality trainees and ED consultants, respectively (

< 0.001).

ED clinicians demonstrated moderate inter-rater agreement with reporting radiologists according to the BSTI COVID-19 classifications. The improvement in accuracy with ED clinician experience suggests training of junior ED clinicians in the interpretation of COVID-19 related CXRs might be beneficial. Large-scale survey studies might be useful in the further evaluation of this topic.

This is the first study to examine inter-rater agreement between ED clinicians and radiologists in regards to COVID-19 CXR interpretation.Further service configurations such as 24-hr hot reporting of CXRs can be guided by these data, as well as an ongoing, nationwide follow-up study.

This is the first study to examine inter-rater agreement between ED clinicians and radiologists in regards to COVID-19 CXR interpretation.Further service configurations such as 24-hr hot reporting of CXRs can be guided by these data, as well as an ongoing, nationwide follow-up study.Lung cancer is the third most common cancer in the UK and is the leading cause of death. Radiology plays a central role in the diagnostic work-up of patients with suspected and known lung cancer. Tumour assessment includes both local staging, as well as distant staging. Local staging objectives include the assessment of technical resectability with regard to the evaluation of tumour size and invasion of surrounding structures. Distant staging objectives aim to identify distant metastasis in lymphatic and extra lymphatic tissues. CT, positron emission tomography/CT, MRI, and ultrasound are routinely used imaging techniques for staging in patients with lung cancer. In this review, we will consider the pitfalls of these examinations that radiologists potentially face during the work-up of patients with lung cancer.The rapid and mostly uncontrolled spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic over the past 4 months has overwhelmed many healthcare systems worldwide. In Singapore, while our public healthcare institutions were considered well prepared due to our prior experience with the SARS outbreak, there was an unexpected surge of infected patients over the recent 2 months to deal with. We describe our radiology department’s experience in modifying operational practices and implementing strict infection control measures aimed at minimizing disease transmission and mitigating the potential impact of possible staff infection. From the perspective of serving a medium-sized regional hospital and limited by physical and manpower constraints, our radiology department had to adapt quickly and modify our initial responses and practices as the disease scenario changed. We have also enumerated some guidelines for planning future radiology departments.

To study the spectrum of chest CT features in coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pneumonia and to identify the initial CT findings that may have the potential to predict a poor short-term outcome.

This was a retrospective study comprising 211 reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positive patients who had undergone non-contrast chest CT. Prevalence, extent, pattern, distribution and type of abnormal lung findings were recorded. Patients with positive CT findings were divided into two groups; clinically stable (requiring in-ward hospitalization) and clinically unstable [requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission or demised] based on short-term follow-up.

Lung parenchymal abnormalities were present in 42.2% (89/211) whereas 57.8% (122/211) cases had a normal chest CT. The mean age of clinically unstable patients (63.6 ± 8.3 years) was significantly different from the clinically stable group (44.6 ± 13.2 years) (

-value < 0.05). Bilaterality, combined involvement of central-peripheID-19 pneumonia.

To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of hypofractionated orbital radiotherapy applied in the treatment of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) patients.

Between 2014 and 2018, we retrospectively reviewed the cases of 28 patients with TAO. All patients underwent radiotherapy on both retroocular tissues and received an oral steroid. Patients were divided into two treatment groups 14 patients received conventional fractionated radiotherapy (20 Gy in 10 fractions), and the second group of 14 patients received hypofractionated radiotherapy (20 Gy in five fractions). The clinical activity score (CAS), NOSPECS (No physical signs or symptoms, Only signs, Soft tissue involvement, Proptosis, Extraocular muscle signs, Corneal involvement, and Sight loss) classification, Hess screen test and binocular single vision (BSV) were evaluated to determine the response to treatment before and at 1 month after radiotherapy.

There were no significant differences in any of the variables between the two treatment groups. In both groups, the CAS and NOSPECS score decreased significantly, and the range of extraocular muscle motility in Hess screen test and BSV improved significantly after radiotherapy (

< 0.05). There were no significant differences in CAS, NOSPECS score, Hess screen test or BSV between the two groups. No radiation-related, acute severe toxicity was observed.

Hypofractionated radiotherapy for TAO produced a comparable clinical outcome to that of conventional fractionated radiotherapy. Further case accumulation and long-term follow-up are required to determine if late toxicity occurs and to confirm efficacy.

This is the first study to show that the efficacy and risk of adverse events are comparable between hypofractionated radiotherapy and conventional radiotherapy in the treatment of TAO.

This is the first study to show that the efficacy and risk of adverse events are comparable between hypofractionated radiotherapy and conventional radiotherapy in the treatment of TAO.