code (fatalism vs. hope) represented manifestations of ambivalence and ambiguity in the theory; and another code (exceptionalism) represented divergence and impossibility. Two codes (role of thought processes, importance of faith) reflected forms of resolutions as described in problematic integration theory. Information needs based on prognostic information revealed four additional codes give it to me straight, what can I do? what can I expect? and how can I prevent decline? A consistently reported desire of both patients and caregivers was for honesty and hope from providers. Conclusion This study supports the use of general prognostic information in conversations about aging, injury, frailty and patient outcomes. Incorporating prognostic information into communication aids can facilitate shared decision making before end-of-life is imminent.Turn signal neglect is considered to be a key contributor to crashes at intersections, yet relatively little research has been undertaken on this topic, particularly in developing countries. Using a case study of Vietnam, this research aimed to explore the role of environmental characteristics, perceived risk, beliefs and lifestyle behaviours on the frequency of turn signal use at intersections. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to motorcyclists (n = 527) and car drivers (n = 326) using online and offline methods. Using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM), key findings indicate that perceived risk, beliefs and environmental characteristics play a significant role in affecting the frequency of turn signal use among motorcycle riders and car drivers at intersections. While lifestyle behaviours were not found to be a good predictor of turn signal use among car drivers, they were found to indirectly affect turn signal use among motorcycle riders through the mediation of beliefs and perceived risk. The findings can help inform the development of more targeted measures to increase turn signal use.Both crash count and severity are thought to quantify crash risk at defined transport network locations (e.g. intersections, a particulate section of highway, etc.). Crash count is a measure of the likelihood of occurring a potential harmful event, whereas crash severity is a measure of the societal impact and harm to the society. As the majority of safety improvement programs are focused on preventing fatal and serious injury crashes, identification of high-risk sites-or blackspots-should ideally account for both severity and frequency of crashes. Past research efforts to incorporate crash severity into the identification of high-risk sites include multivariate crash count models, equivalent property damage only models and two-stage mixed models. These models, however, often require suitable distributional assumptions for computational efficiency, neglect the ordinal nature of crash severity, and are inadequate for capturing unobserved heterogeneity arising from possible correlations between crash counts of to the traditional count models. The correlation between crash counts of different severity levels captures the unobserved heterogeneity caused by the extra-variation in total crash counts and moderates the parameters in the joint model. In comparison with the traditional approaches, the proposed weighted risk score approach with the joint model of crash count and crash severity leads to the identification of a higher number of fatal and serious injury crashes in the top ranked sites flagged for safety improvements.There is extensive literature into the mechanisms of injury in traffic crashes involving vulnerable road users (VRUs), but little research into the social or psychological factors in causation in these crash types. Attitudes and emotional associations can affect how people attend to objects in their visual environment and physical approach/avoidance responses, but few studies have extended these approaches into the road safety domain. Existing driving simulator studies of driver-bicyclist interactions have focused on driver behavior but not underlying attitudes and their effect on safety-related behaviors. This research explored the impact of implicit and explicit attitudes on drivers’ behavior in interactions with bicyclists. In a driving simulator, various objective measures of safety (e.g., speed, passing distance, crash occurrence) were collected in an overtaking scenario. Participants’ self-reported attitudes about driving and bicyclists were collected via survey instrument, along with an online test of tudinal measures represents a significant methodological contribution.Biological activity against reference and multi-drug resistant (MDR) clinical strains of fluoroquinolones (FQs) ciprofloxacin (HCp), norfloxacin (HNr), lomefloxacin (HLm) and sparfloxacin (HSf), phosphine ligands derived from those antibiotics and 14 phosphino copper(I) and copper(II) complexes with 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline, 1,10-phenanthroline or 2,2′-biquinoline have been determined. Almost all phosphines showed excellent antibacterial activity relative to reference strains (S. aureus ATCC 6538, E. coli ATCC 25922, K. pneumoniae ATCC 4352, and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853). In rare cases P. aeruginosa rods showed natural insensitivity to oxides, and their copper(II) complexes. Most of the studied compounds showed weak antibacterial activity against clinical multi-drug resistant strains (MDR P. aeruginosa 16, 46, 325, 355, MRD A. baumanii 483 and MDR S. aureus 177). However, phosphines Ph2PCH2Sf (PSf), Ph2PCH2Lm (PLm) and their copper(I) complexes were characterized by the best antibacterial activity. In addition, PSf compounds, in which the activities relative to P. aeruginosa MDRs were relatively diverse, paid particular attention in our studies. Genetic and phenotypic studies of these strains showed significant differences between the strains, indicating different profiles of FQs resistance mechanisms. This may prove that a change in the spatial conformation of the PSf derivatives relative to the native form of HSf increased its affinity for the target site of action in gyrase, leading to selective inhibition of the multiplication of MDR strains. In conclusion, differences in PSf activity within closely related P. aeruginosa strains may indicate its diagnostic and therapeutic potential.The antibiotics abuse and the proliferation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the environment have a severe impact on both human health and ecosystem. In this study, a silica-nanocasting method was applied in Mg-MOF-74 template to generate a series of MgO/SiO2 catalysts for the hydrolysis of β-lactam antibiotics. The Mg-based subunits in MOF-74 were converted to highly dispersed MgO nanoparticles with controllable particle size. MgO/SiO2-80 with the smallest MgO particle size exhibits the best catalytic performance in the hydrolysis of four β-lactam antibiotics. The kinetics study reveals the higher degradation rate and lower activation energy of MgO/SiO2-80 than other benchmark solid base catalysts. The proposed mechanism suggests that small MgO particle size provides more accessible oxygen anions with high proton affinity for the cleavage of the β-lactam ring, so that all hydrolytic products lose antimicrobial activity. The MgO/SiO2-80 serves as the potential high-performance solid base catalyst for the real-world antibiotic wastewater treatment.Municipal wastewater treatment using willow 'phyto’-filtration has the potential for reduced environmental impact compared to conventional treatment practices. However, the physiological adaptations underpinning tolerance to high wastewater irrigation in willow are unknown. A one-hectare phytofiltration plantation established using the Salix miyabeana cultivar 'SX67′ in Saint-Roch-de-l’Achigan, Quebec, Canada, tested the impact of unirrigated, potable water or two loads of primary effluent wastewater 19 and 30 ML ha-1 yr-1. A nitrogen load of 817 kg N ha-1 from wastewater did not increase soil pore water nitrogen concentrations beyond Quebec drinking water standards. The willow phytofiltration phenotype had increased leaf area (+106-142%) and leaf nitrogen (+94%) which were accompanied by significant increases in chlorophyll a + b content. Wastewater irrigated trees had higher stomatal sizes and a higher stomatal pore index, despite lower stomatal density, resulting in increased stomatal conductance (+42-78%). These developmental responses led to substantial increases in biomass yields of 56-207% and potable water controls revealed the nitrogen load to be necessary for the high productivity of 28-40 t ha-1 yr-1 in wastewater irrigated trees. Collectively, this study suggests phytofiltration plantations could treat primary effluent municipal wastewater at volumes of at least 19 million litres per hectare and benefit from increased yields of sustainable biomass over a two-year coppice cycle. Added-value cultivation practices, such as phytofiltration, have the potential to mitigate negative local and global environmental impact of wastewater treatment while providing valuable services and sustainable bioproducts.Radiocarbon (14C) is broadly used in oceanography to determine water ages, trace water circulation, and develop sediment- and sclerochronologies. These applications require an accurate knowledge of marine 14C levels, which have been largely perturbed by human activities. Globally during the last century the above-ground nuclear weapon testings have been the primary cause of the increased atmospheric and marine 14C. However, other anthropogenic sources may have caused important regional deviations from the bomb pulse. For the last 70 years European nuclear fuel reprocessing plants have been major contributors of 14C to air and oceans, yet, their regional impact on surrounding marine 14C has been largely overlooked. Here we use a collection of bivalve shells of known capture date and age collected from various locations, including the North Sea, the Irish Sea, Norway, and the Bay of Biscay to reconstruct the sea surface 14C over the last five decades. The measured 14C values for the period 1969-2019, reported in fraction modern, ranged from 1.1 to 1.6 in coastal waters of the Netherlands and from 1.2 to 3.2 along the coast of the UK, indicating significantly higher levels of 14C than those expected for the marine bomb pulse (0.950-1.150). The 14C peaks revealed by the shells coincide with the increase of liquid 14C releases reported from the reprocessing plants of La Hague into the English Channel, and from Sellafield into the Irish Sea. Conversely, the shells from Norway and Spain showed 14C values close to the range of the global marine bomb pulse. The observed large spatial and temporal differences in sea surface 14C show that 14C dating and tracing studies could become problematic in the English Channel, Irish Sea and North Sea for the time period covering the discharge of liquid 14C from the reprocessing plants.This study was performed to evaluate the use of white rot fungus, Pleurotus pulmonarius, to treat polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs) in contaminated soil using solid state fermentation (SSF). The soil was collected from a long-closed pentachlorophenol plant in southern Taiwan. The non-sterilized soil with a total PCDD/F concentration of 14,000 ± 2400 ng I-TEQ kg-1 was mixed directly with the solid fungal inocula at dry w/w ratio of 11.4 (ratio-adjusted test) and incubated at 26 ± 2 °C in a controlled environment. The highest PCDD/F decomposition was observed during the mycelium colonization. Pearson correlation coefficient (r) studied during this period (35 days) indicated that laccase had no significant correlation (r = -0.53), while manganese peroxidase had a strong positive correlation (r = 0.88) with PCDD/F decomposition efficiency. After 72 days, the more toxic congeners, tetra- and penta-CDD/Fs were removed to non-detectable levels. Meanwhile, the removal efficiencies of hexa-, hepta-, and octa-CDD/Fs were >80%, >97%, and >90%, respectively.