nt associations were found between adherence to the MIND diet and stress, anxiety and depression, greater adherence to the MIND diet were associated with lower odds of poor sleep quality and sleep-related outcomes.

Admittedly, little is known about the epidemiological signatures of familial multiple sclerosis (FMS) in different geographical regions of Iran.

To determine the epidemiology and the risk of FMS incidence in several provinces of Iran with a different ethnic population including, Fars, Tehran, Isfahan (Persians), and Mazandaran (Mazanis), Kermanshah (Kurds), and Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari (Lors).

This cross-sectional registry-based study was performed on nationwide MS registry of Iran (NMSRI) data collected from 2018 to 2021. This system, registers baseline characteristics, clinical presentations and symptoms, diagnostic and treatments at regional and national levels.

A total of 9200 patients including, 7003 (76.1%) female and 2197 (23.9%) male, were participated. About 19% of patients reported a family history of MS; the order from highest to lowest FMS prevalence was as follows Fars (26.5%), Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari (21.1%), Tehran (20.5%), Isfahan (20.3%), Mazandaran (18.0%), and Kermanshah (12.5%).in this multi-ethnic population. Despite the highest rate of FMS within Persian and Lor ethnicities, no statistically significant difference was observed among the provinces.

In summary, our findings imply a noteworthy upward trend of FMS in Iran, even more than the global prevalence, which suggests a unique Atlas of FMS prevalence in this multi-ethnic population. Despite the highest rate of FMS within Persian and Lor ethnicities, no statistically significant difference was observed among the provinces.

To investigate the effects of refractive accommodation on subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) in silicone oil (SO)-filled eyes.

This retrospective, self-comparative study was conducted on 40 patients with unilateral macula-on rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, who underwent vitrectomy and SO tamponade. The SFCT of SO-filled eyes and the fellow control eyes were measured using optical coherence tomography at their one-month visit after surgery. The patients wore soft contact positive lenses for 24h in the SO-filled eyes, to correct their refractive error. SFCT and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) were measured before and after wearing the contact lenses. Mean SFCT was compared between SO-filled eyes and the fellow control eyes, and SFCT and CVI were compared before and after refractive error correction in the SO-filled eyes.

Mean SFCT of SO-filled eyes (221.52 ± 38.41 um) was less than that of the fellow eyes (273.41 ± 31.30 um) (P < 0.001). After refractive error correction, the mean SFCT increased to 269.28 ± 36.90 um(P < 0.001). However, CVI decreased from 57.01 ± 2.41 to 55.39 ± 2.39 (P < 0.05).

SFCT reduction in SO-filled eyes was primarily due to the hyperopia status. The non-uniform change in CVI suggests that changes in CT are mainly attributed to a greater expansion of the stromal area instead of the choroidal vascular area.

This study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Central Theater General Hospital, approval number No. [2020]058-1, retrospectively registered.

This study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Central Theater General Hospital, approval number No. [2020]058-1, retrospectively registered.

Multifocal micronodular pneumocyte hyperplasia (MMPH) is a rare pulmonary manifestation of the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) with distinctive histological characteristics. Most case reports of MMPH associated with TSC usually have a history and typical clinical features (seizures, mental retardation, and skin lesions) of TSC. We present a peculiar asymptomatic MMPH case that lacked the history and typical clinical features of TSC.

A 56-year-old man was referred to our hospital with bilateral ground-glass opacities (GGOs) on chest computed tomography (CT) lasting 8months, with no complaint of any discomfort. Because of the lack of clinical manifestations, the diagnosis of MMPH and TSC was confirmed by lung biopsy histopathology and gene sequencing of nonsense mutations in the TSC1 gene. Considering the relevant literature review and that the prognosis of most patients with MMPH is generally stable, no special treatment was given. We followed up with the patient for three years after discharge, and the clinical manifestations and imaging features of the patient were stable.

To our best knowledge, this is the first case of MMPH lacking typical clinical manifestations of TSC confirmed by histopathology combined with gene sequencing. MMPH should be considered as one of the differential diagnoses of multiple GGOs in the lung even when the findings of TSC are not recognized.

To our best knowledge, this is the first case of MMPH lacking typical clinical manifestations of TSC confirmed by histopathology combined with gene sequencing. MMPH should be considered as one of the differential diagnoses of multiple GGOs in the lung even when the findings of TSC are not recognized.

The first case of the novel coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) in West Africa was first confirmed in Nigeria in February 2020. Since then, several public health interventions and preventive measures have been implemented to curtail transmission of the causative agent, the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Therefore, this study was performed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of West Africans towards COVID-19.

An online survey was conducted between 29 September to 29 October 2020 among West Africans. Thirty-three survey questions were designed to collect sociodemographic data and participants’ knowledge, attitude and perception towards COVID-19. The study targeted all West African nationals who were 18 years and above, and willing to participate in the study. Participants were either in-country or abroad.

Overall, 1106 respondents (≥18 years) from 16 West African countries, with about 12.1% of them residing outside the West African subregion, participated in likely proactive practice towards the disease. However, results showed that these varied across countries and are influenced by the types of settlements. Therefore, the health and education authorities in various countries should develop focused measures capturing people in different settlements to improve their preventative measures when designing public health interventions for COVID-19 and any future epidemics or pandemics.

Most West Africans have basic knowledge of COVID-19 and showed a positive attitude, with likely proactive practice towards the disease. However, results showed that these varied across countries and are influenced by the types of settlements. Therefore, the health and education authorities in various countries should develop focused measures capturing people in different settlements to improve their preventative measures when designing public health interventions for COVID-19 and any future epidemics or pandemics.

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a set of developmental, psychological, and neurological disorders that occur in early childhood. The most important characteristic of individuals with autism is difficulty in social interactions and communication. Researchers in the field of oral health have not paid enough attention to these individuals due to their specific behavioral characteristics. Therefore, due to the limitations of the studies in this field in Iran, increasing prevalence of autism, and importance of oral health in people with ASD, this study was conducted to evaluate the oral health status of primary school students with autism (7-15years old) in autism schools in Tehran.

Students from seven governmental special primary schools in Tehran were selected for this study. Data about oral health behavior and the presence of each of the seven barriers of tooth brushing task was collected via questionnaires completed by parents. During the dental examination, the cooperation level according to the Frankh status in the students with ASD in Tehran, Iran. A better oral hygiene status was related to higher brushing frequency and lower sweet snack consumption. The findings of the present study indicate that educational interventions regarding oral hygiene and healthy diet may improve oral self-care in individuals with ASD.

The clinical indices of OHI-S and caries experience (DMFT) were used to evaluate the oral health status in the students with ASD in Tehran, Iran. A better oral hygiene status was related to higher brushing frequency and lower sweet snack consumption. The findings of the present study indicate that educational interventions regarding oral hygiene and healthy diet may improve oral self-care in individuals with ASD.

Cancer patients experience gastrointestinal and behavioral symptoms, and are at increased risk of systemic infection and inflammation. These conditions are a major source of morbidity and decreased quality of life prior to cancer treatment, but poorly defined etiologies impede successful treatment. The gastrointestinal microbiota shape inflammation, influence cancer progression and treatment, and colonize tumors. However, research has not directly determined if peripheral tumors influence the microbiome and intestinal physiology, thus influencing gastrointestinal and behavioral symptoms. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine consequences of orthotopic, syngeneic mammary tumor implantation, growth, and resection on fecal bacteriome composition and intestinal barrier function in relation to systemic inflammation and enteric bacterial translocation in mice.

Female mice were randomized to 3 experimental groups sham surgical control, tumor recipients, and tumor recipients later receiving tumor-rea correlation network analysis. Tumor resection ameliorated circulating LBP, splenomegaly, and splenic cytokines, but not other parameters associated with loss of colonic barrier integrity and bacterial translocation.

Orthotopic mammary tumors alter the microbiome, reduce intestinal barrier function, increase translocation of enteric bacteria, and alter systemic inflammation. This provides insight into how tumors commence gastrointestinal and behavioral symptoms prior to treatment, and identify targets for future therapeutics, such as probiotic Lactobacillus supplementation.

Orthotopic mammary tumors alter the microbiome, reduce intestinal barrier function, increase translocation of enteric bacteria, and alter systemic inflammation. This provides insight into how tumors commence gastrointestinal and behavioral symptoms prior to treatment, and identify targets for future therapeutics, such as probiotic Lactobacillus supplementation.

To assess the efficacy of 577nm subthreshold micropulse laser (SML) treatment for acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).

This retrospective comparative case-series included 34 eyes of 34 patients with acute CSC who received either 577nm SML treatment (SML group, n = 16 eyes) or were only monitored (observation group, n = 18 eyes). Acute CSC was defined as disease course < 3months. Eyes with any history of treatment in the past were excluded. Data were collected over a period of 6months. The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) were observed.

SML group showed significantly greater improvement in the BCVA (logMAR) compared to observation group at 1month (0.20 ± 0.10 vs 0.30 ± 0.12, P < 0.01), 3months (0.13 ± 0.06 vs 0.21 ± 0.06, P < 0.01) and 6months (0.01 ± 0.06 vs 0.09 ± 0.66, P < 0.01). The CMT reduction was significantly greater in the SML group at 1month(337.19 ± 62.96µm vs 395.11 ± 91.30µm, P < 0.05), 3months (312.