Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection has the potential for targeting the central nervous system, and several neurological symptoms have been reported in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We describe a 48-year-old Caucasian woman with SARS-CoV-2 infection followed by the onset of word finding difficulties, effortful speech along with prosody distortion, in the context of spared semantic and syntactic abilities. The clinical picture, perceived as foreign accent syndrome (FAS), was not associated with structural and functional imaging changes or neurophysiological assessment abnormalities. We suggest that FAS, herein perceived as a regional accent syndrome, should be considered a possible additional neurological manifestation of SARS-CoV-2.

The aim of the present retrospective study was to evaluate clinical and radiological outcomes, in terms of implant survival rate, marginal bone loss, and peri-implantitis incidence, of a titanium implants with an innovative laser-treated surface.

A total of 502 dental implants were inserted in four dental practices (Udine, Arezzo, Frascati, Roma) between 2008 and 2013. All inserted implants had laser-modified surface characterized by a series of 20-μm-diameter holes (7-10 μm deep) every 10 μm (Synthegra®, Geass srl, Italy). The minimum follow-up period was set at 1 year after the final restoration. Radiographs were taken after implant insertion (T0), at time of loading (T1), and during the follow-up period (last recall, T2). Marginal bone loss and peri-implant disease incidence were recorded.

A total of 502 implants with a maximum follow-up period of 6 years were monitored. The mean differential between T0 and T2 was 0.05 ± 1.08 mm at the mesial aspect and 0.08 ± 1.11 mm at the distal with a mean followal colonization. Future randomized and controlled studies are needed to confirm the results of the present multi-centrical retrospective analysis.Seven pesticides, profenofos, metalaxyl, λ-cyhalothrin, 4,4′-DDT, 4,4′-DDE, and α- and β-endosulfan, were determined in vegetables (tomato, onion) from 20 locations and surface waters from 12 locations in the Central Rift Valley (CRV) of Ethiopia. Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe (QuEChERS) and solid phase extraction (SPE) methods were used for the vegetables and water, respectively. In 2.5% of the tomato samples, profenofos was detected above European maximum residue limits (MRLs), in 12.5% of the samples metalaxyl, and in 2.5% α- and β-endosulfan. In 5% of the onion samples, profenofos was detected above European MRLs, in 7.5% of the onion samples metalaxyl, and in 5% λ-cyhalothrin. In surface water, profenofos was detected at the highest concentration of 2300 μg/L in the Bulbula River, 890 μg/L near the agricultural land north of Lake Ziway (ANLZ-1), 1700 μg/L in the floriculture effluent (FE-1), and 900 μg/L in tap water at the Batu Drinking Water (BDW) supply. These results show that the levels of pesticides are in several cases substantially elevated, and emphasize the need of regular pesticide monitoring programs for surface waters and vegetables in the Ethiopian CRV.

The main objective was to compare the 30-day mortality rate of trauma patients treated at trauma centers as compared to non-trauma centers in Sweden. The secondary objective was to evaluate how injury severity influences the potential survival benefit of specialized care.

This retrospective study included 29,864 patients from the national Swedish Trauma Registry (SweTrau) during the period 2013-2017. Three sampling exclusion criteria were applied (1) Injury Severity Score (ISS) of zero; (2) missing data in any variable of interest; (3) data falling outside realistic values and duplicate registrations. University hospitals were classified as trauma centers; other hospitals as non-trauma centers. Logistic regression was used to analyze the effect of trauma center care on mortality rate, while adjusting for other factors potentially affecting the risk of death.

Treatment at a trauma center in Sweden was associated with a 41% lower adjusted 30-day mortality (odds ratio 0.59 [0.50-0.70], p < 0.0001) compared to non-trauma center care, considering all injured patients (ISS ≥ 1). The potential survival benefit increased substantially with higher injury severity, with up to > 70% mortality decrease for the most critically injured group (ISS ≥ 50).

There exists a potentially substantial survival benefit for trauma patients treated at trauma centers in Sweden, especially for the most severely injured. This study motivates a critical review and possible reorganization of the national trauma system, and further research to identify the characteristics of patients in most need of specialized care.

There exists a potentially substantial survival benefit for trauma patients treated at trauma centers in Sweden, especially for the most severely injured. This study motivates a critical review and possible reorganization of the national trauma system, and further research to identify the characteristics of patients in most need of specialized care.

Current treatment guidelines for patients with severe TBI (sTBI) are aimed at preventing secondary brain injury targeting specific endpoints of intracranial physiology to avoid the development of metabolic crisis. We sought to identify factors contributing to development of metabolic crisis in the setting of a Multi-modality Monitoring and Goal-Directed Therapy (MM&GDTP) approach to patients with severe TBI.

Prospective monitoring of sTBI patients was performed, with retrospective data analysis. MM&GDTP was targeted to intracranial pressure (ICP) ≤ 20mmHg, cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) ≥ 60mmHg, brain tissue oxygen pressure (PbtO

) ≥ 20mmHg, and cerebral oxygen extraction measured by bi-frontal Near infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) > 55%. Brain flow abnormality was defined by one of the following combinations CPP < 60mmHg with NIRS < 55% (Type 1), CPP < 60mmHg with PbtO

 < 20mmHg (Type 2), or PbtO

 < 20mmHg with NIRS < 55% (Type 3). Cerebral micro-dialysate was analyzed houted to failure to maintain CPP and PbtO

above 60 and 20mmHg, respectively

The occurrence of severe metabolic crisis portends a poor prognosis in patients with sTBI.

Metabolic crisis can occur despite a MM&GDTP approach aimed at optimizing cerebral blood flow. Severe metabolic crisis is associated to failure to maintain CPP and PbtO2 above 60 and 20 mmHg, respectively. The occurrence of severe metabolic crisis portends a poor prognosis in patients with sTBI.Maximizing ambulation is a key treatment aim in moderate to severe osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). Here we investigated which early clinical characteristics predicted ambulation function at skeletal maturity. We assessed Bleck ambulation scores in 88 individuals with OI at 5 to 6 years of age and again at final height (at 15 to 24 years of age). At 5 to 6 years of age, 33 (38%) children were non-ambulators, 32 (36%) were fully independent ambulators, and 23 (26%) had intermediate ambulation skills. At skeletal maturity, 58% of the study participants had the same mobility level as at first assessment. The ability to ambulate independently at skeletal maturity was predicted by independent ambulation at 5 to 6 years (odds ratio [OR] 22.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.9-105; P less then 0.001), height z score at 5 to 6 years (OR 3.1, CI 1.6-6.3; P = 0.001) and weight z score at 5 to 6 years (OR 0.44, CI 0.19-0.99; P = 0.04).Conclusion Independent ambulation at 5 to 6 years was the main determinant of independent ambulation at skeletal maturity. This highlights the importance of maximizing ambulation in children below 5 years of age. What is Known •walking ability varies markedly between OI types. The highest level of mobility was found in OI type I, the lowest in OI type III who require mobility aids; intermediate levels were reported for OI type IV. • OI type is a key predictor of ultimate ability to ambulate, whereas the timing of developmental milestones was not associated with walking ability What is New • overall key predictors of mobility function at skeletal maturity were mobility status and height z-score at 5-6 years of age • Childrenwho were non-ambulators at 5 to 6 years of age had a higher chance of having better mobility at skeletal maturity if they had good upper extremity function, as expressed in the PEDI Self Care Score.

Turnover rates have implications for understanding cyclotide biology and improving plant cell culture-based production systems. Cyclotides are a family of polypeptides recognized for a broad spectrum of bioactivities. The cyclic, cystine knot structural motif imparts these peptides with resistance to temperature, chemicals and proteolysis. Cyclotides are found widely distributed across the Violaceae and in five other plant families, where their presumed biological role is host defense. Violets produce mixtures of different cyclotides that vary depending on the organ, tissue or influence of environmental factors. In the present study, we investigated the biosynthesis and turnover of cyclotides in plant cells. Viola uliginosa suspension cultures were grown in media where all nitrogen containing salts were replaced with their

N counterparts. This approach combined with LC-MS analysis allowed to separately observe the production of

N-labelled peptides and decomposition of

N cyclotides present in the cellse highest was noted for cyO13. Rapid increase in production of 15N peptides was observed until day 19 and subsequently, a plateau of production, indicating an equilibrium between biosynthesis and turnover. The developing seedling appeared to consume cyclotides present in the seed endosperm. We show that degradation processes shape the cyclotide pattern present in different tissues and environments. The results indicate that individual cyclotides play different roles-some in defense and others as storage proteins. The turnover of cyclotides should be accounted to improve cell culture production systems.The article Insights into the mechanism(s) of digestion of crystalline cellulose by plant class C GH9 endoglucanases, written by Siddhartha Kundu, was originally published Online First without Open Access.The rapid development of pathology is in contrast to a shortage of qualified staff. The aims of the present study are to compile basic information on the numbers of German physicians in pathology and to compare it with the situation in Europe and overseas. In addition, model calculations will shed light on the effects of part-time working models. Various publicly accessible databases (EuroStat) as well as publications of medical associations and professional associations of European countries and the USA/Canada were examined. In addition, a survey was carried out among the institutes of German universities. Figures from 24 European countries and the USA/Canada were evaluated. With one pathologist per 47,989 inhabitants, the density of pathologists in Germany in relation to the population is the second-lowest in Europe (average 32,018). Moreover, the proportion of pathologists among the physicians working in Germany is the lowest in Europe and at the same time lower than in the USA and Canada (Germany 1200, USA 170, Canada 149).