Performance on timing tasks changes with age. Whether these changes reflect a real „clock” problem due to aging or a secondary effect of the reduced cognitive resources of older adults is still an unsettled question. Research on processing of time in aged populations marked by severe mnemonic and/or attentional deficits, such as patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), may help elucidate the role of cognitive resources in age-related temporal distortions. To this end, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of timing studies in AD and MCI patients; both prospective and retrospective timing tasks were considered and analysed separately. As concerns prospective timing, a first random-effect model showed a medium overall effect of neurodegeneration on timing performance. When considering the role of moderator variables(i.e., neurodegenerative condition, type of measure, participants’ age and years of education, interval length, and type of timing task), mean score apnerative conditions, albeit more studies are needed to substantiate this finding.

Recruitment of skilled professionals for the infection preventionist (IP) role is an ongoing priority for organizations. The objective of this study was to understand differences in recruitment, hiring and training by facility setting and discuss targeted strategies for diverse organizations.

A survey study investigated recruitment, hiring and training practices for IPs and stratified by facility location (multi-location health system (MLHS), urban, suburban and rural), specifically pertaining to job description requirements, background of candidates interviewed and hired and training programs.

A Master’s in Public Health degree was significantly more frequently listed on MLHS and urban facility job descriptions (37.3%, 43.7%, respectively) than suburban (27.4%) and rural facility job descriptions (17.2%)(P < .01). Respondents from MLHS (41.3%), urban facilities (47.0%), suburban facilities (41.7%) were more likely to interview public health professionals than rural facilities (20.3%, P = .003). Respondents from MLHS, (73.3%), urban (68.4%), and suburban (62.2%) facilities were significantly more likely to use local Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology chapter for training compared to rural facilities (32.4%)(P < .001).

Our results identified differences in facility setting with recruitment, hiring and training practices. Optimizing recruitment and training best practices will result in a large and well trained IP workforce and patient safety.

Our results identified differences in facility setting with recruitment, hiring and training practices. Optimizing recruitment and training best practices will result in a large and well trained IP workforce and patient safety.

Readmission rate is an important quality measure and can inform patient care. However, readmission of S. aureus bacteremia in children requires further research.

We performed a population-based longitudinal observational study using the State Inpatient Database from New York, Florida, and Washington, 2009-2015. Children aged 18 years or younger hospitalized with S. aureus bacteremia were included. The outcome of non-elective readmission was assessed by developing Cox proportional hazards regression models.

Of 1240 children with S. aureus bacteremia, 223 (18.0%) and 351 (28.3%) had non-elective readmission within 30 days and 90 days after discharge, respectively. On multivariable analysis, catheter related infection (hazard ratio, HR 1.79, 95% confidence interval, CI 1.31-2.45) was associated with 30-day readmission. The median cost of the original hospitalization for S. aureus bacteremia was $29 914 (interquartile range, IQR $13 276-$71 284), and that of 30 day readmission was $10 956 (IQR $5765-$24 753).

S. aureus bacteremia is associated with a high rate of readmission in children, particularly in those with catheter related infection. Hospitalization with S. aureus bacteremia and readmission are costly. Future research should seek interventions to improve outcomes of S. aureus bacteremia in children, and the results of this study can serve as a benchmark.

S. aureus bacteremia is associated with a high rate of readmission in children, particularly in those with catheter related infection. Hospitalization with S. aureus bacteremia and readmission are costly. Future research should seek interventions to improve outcomes of S. aureus bacteremia in children, and the results of this study can serve as a benchmark.Cerebral infarct is caused by cerebrovascular occlusion and results in brain damage. Although many rodent models of cerebral infarct exist, there is none based on zebrafish. In this study, we developed a novel ischemia-reperfusion model induced by hypoxic treatment using zebrafish. We first examined the changes in blood flow under hypoxic conditions. Hypoxic treatment interrupted the blood flow in 4 dpf (days post fertilization) zebrafish larvae. To quantify the trunk and cerebral blood flow, we selected the middle mesencephalic central artery (MMCtA) as a cerebral blood vessel and the dorsal aorta (DA) as a blood vessel of the trunk. Interestingly, the interruption of blood flow in MMCtA preceded that in DA. Considering these results, we hypothesized that reoxygenation immediately after hypoxia-induced cerebral ischemia leads to reperfusion. As a result, hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) treatment induced ischemia-reperfusion in cerebral vessels. Furthermore, brain cell death was increased 24 h after H/R treatment. Transgenic zebrafish (HuCkaede), with neuronal cells expressing the kaede fluorescent protein, was used to investigate the effect of H/R on neuronal cells. The H/R treatment reduced the fluorescence intensity of kaede. Besides, glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity in H/R-treated larvae was significantly increased. In conclusion, H/R-treated zebrafish larvae may provide a novel ischemia-reperfusion model.Over the past decades, MRI has become a major tool in the diagnosis and the follow-up of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), especially for monitoring the effectiveness of therapy. The recent international recommendations issued for the standardization of neurological and radiological clinical practices converge on many points. In this setting, recommendations made by the „Observatoire français de la sclérose en plaques”, the French MS registry, can be distinguished by its interdisciplinary complementarity, its longevity, its size, and its positions in direct connection with the clinic. Hence, after suspicions of gadolinium deposition in the brain, with multiple warning from the American and European health authorities, a national consultation took place and resulted in limitation to useful injections. The precautionary principle prevailing, the patient receives a limited quantity of contrast product even if no clinically harmful manifestation has been detected to date. The result of this round table bringing together neurologists and neuroradiologists from specialized centers was published in the form of a recommendation in early 2020. The interest of this project also lies in the constant improvement of the management of patients with MS and the possibility of developing advanced techniques to assist the clinician. The aim of this review is to explain to the neurologist, the interest of following this imaging protocol both in his/her clinical practice and in the possibilities that this opens up.Patients with multiple sclerosis, despite advances in therapy, often suffer from locomotor impairment that limits their mobility and affect quality of life. Rehabilitation is part of the treatment of MS and has shown its beneficial effects in numerous studies. While traditional rehabilitation techniques remain in the limelight, new technologies are emerging and make it possible to improve the management of disabling symptoms. The aim of this update is to synthesize the new therapy techniques proposed in rehabilitation for patients with multiple sclerosis according to the symptoms as balance, gait, upper limb disorders, fatigue, spasticity and disease progression published over the past 5 years. With regard to balance and walking disorders, neuromotor rehabilitation, physical exercise, rhythmic auditory stimulation, gait robot training and exergaming are effective. Only physical exercise has shown a positive effect on fatigue management. Spasticity is improved by classic rehabilitation techniques however non-invasive brain stimulation are promising. The rehabilitation of upper limb dysfunctions uses various effective techniques such as the repetition of functional tasks in real or virtual situations. In case of a more severe disability, arm robots can be used to relearn the impaired movement. Action observation training in real or virtual situations is also effective. Finally, under certain conditions the constraint induced movement therapy is proposed. The effects of rehabilitation are not only positive on the pyramidal symptoms and fatigue but also increase neuroplasticity and perhaps a neuroprotective effect as shown in some studies.

Vertebral compression fracture is a common complication of spinal stereotactic body radiation therapy. Development of anin vivo model is crucial to fully understand how focal radiation treatment affects vertebral integrity and biology at various dose fractionation regimens. We present a clinically relevant animal model to analyze the effects of localized, high-dose radiation on vertebral microstructure and mechanical integrity. Using this model, we test the hypothesis that fractionation of radiation dosing can reduce focused radiation therapy’s harmful effects on the spine.

The L5 vertebra of New Zealand white rabbits was treated with either a 24-Gy single dose of focused radiation or 3 fractionated 8-Gy doses over 3 consecutive days via the Small Animal Radiation Research Platform. Nonirradiated rabbits were used as controls. Rabbits were euthanized 6 months after irradiation, and their lumbar vertebrae were harvested for radiologic, histologic, and biomechanical testing.

Localized single-dose radiatioertebral bodies. Correlation between radiologic measurements and biomechanical properties supported the reliability of this animal model of radiation-induced vertebral compression fracture, a finding that can be applied to future studies of preventative measures.

Single-dose focal irradiation showed greater detrimental effects than hypofractionation on the microarchitectural, cellular, and biomechanical characteristics of irradiated vertebral bodies. Correlation between radiologic measurements and biomechanical properties supported the reliability of this animal model of radiation-induced vertebral compression fracture, a finding that can be applied to future studies of preventative measures.

To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of arthroscopy-guided continuous suprascapular nerve block and ultrasound-guided continuous interscalene block in postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.

A prospective study was performed between March and November 2020. In total, 76 patients were enrolled and divided into 2 groups in the 38 patients of group 1 (arthroscopy-guided continuous suprascapular nerve block), an indwelling catheter was introduced via the Neviaser portal under arthroscopic view before closing the portal at the end of the surgery; and in the 38 patients of group 2 (ultrasound-guided continuous interscalene block), an indwelling catheter was inserted and directed toward the interscalene brachial plexus prior to the surgery under ultrasound guidance. The primary outcome was the pain score measured by the visual analog scale at postoperative 24 hours during admission. Comparisons were conducted at different time points (postoperative 4, 8, 24, and 48 hours).