The maximum conservation of tooth structure and the use of restorative materials with elastic modulus close to the dental structure may promote greater longevity of the tooth/restoration complex. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of cavity design and material type on fracture resistance and failure pattern of molars restored by computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) inlays/onlays.

In this

study, 55 human maxillary molars were embedded in resin blocks and divided into control group (CG) and five main groups Group 1 Inlay, Group 2 Conventional onlay/mesiobuccal (MB), Group 3 Conservative onlay/MB, Group 4 Conventional onlay/MB and distobuccal (DB), and Group 5 Conservative onlay/MB and DB. Then, each group was divided into two subgroups (A) CeraSmart (CS) and (B) Katana Zirconia (KZ). Restorations were cemented by RelyX Ultimate and then thermocycled. The universal testing machine was used to measure fracture loads. Failure was determined using a magnifying lens. Data ve values exceed the physiologic requirements. CS inlays and onlays/MB and DB are of fracture resistance comparable to intact teeth. The use of conservative onlay design with more cusp coverage guarantees better resistance of CS restorations. Being force absorbing material, the predominant failure of teeth restored by CS was restorable.

The relative high caries risk of pits and fissures highlights the importance of protecting these areas. The aim is to determine the effect of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on the shear bond strength (SBS) of resin-based pit and fissure sealant (RBPFS) material to enamel using resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) and fluoride-releasing self-etch resin (FRSE) adhesives.

In this

study extracted third molar teeth without carious lesions or defects were divided into five experimental groups (

= 20). Group A (Control group) etch (35% phosphoric acid) for 15 s and RBPFS applied. Group B Etch for 15 s, FRSE and RBPFS applied. Group C Pretreated with 5% NaOCl and similar steps to Group B. Group D Etch for 15 s then RMGIC bonding agent and RBPFS applied. Group E Pretreated with 5% NaOCl and then similar steps to Group D. SBS was determined using a universal testing machine. The tested specimens were examined under a field-emission scanning electron microscope. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey’s tests (

=0.05).

A statistically significant difference between the test groups was observed; Group C showed the highest SBS mean value (7.52 ± 2.74 MPa) and Group D showed the lowest (4.48 ± 1.81 MPa) (

< 0.001). Pretreatment with NaOCl increased the SBS of fissure sealant when Riva bond LC was used (

= 0.049).

The use of NaOCl as pretreatment can increase the SBS of RBPFS to enamel using RMGIC adhesive. FRSE adhesive did not show improvement in SBS values using pretreatment.

The use of NaOCl as pretreatment can increase the SBS of RBPFS to enamel using RMGIC adhesive. FRSE adhesive did not show improvement in SBS values using pretreatment.

Various factors affect child behavior in different situations such as in a dental clinic. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between temperament and child behavior during routine dental treatment.

The present study is a descriptive-analytic study that included 199 children aged 3-7-years from patients referred to a dental clinic of Guilan University of Medical Sciences in 2017-2018. The Children’s Behavior Questionnaire, which is specific to children aged 3-7 years, was used to assess children’s dental temperament. Children’s behaviors during dental treatment were recorded using Frankl scale. Finally, the data were analyzed by the SPSS-16 statistical software.

About 47.9% of the samples were female, with a mean temperament score of 4.79 which was significantly higher than males (

< 0.05). Almost 2.4% of children had completely negative behaviors and 2.8% had a completely positive behavior. The mean scores of fear (

= 0.008) and anger (

= 0.004) in children with completely negative behavior were higher than those with completely positive behavior. Moreover, the average scores of inhibitory control (

= 0.003) and perceptual sensitivity (

= 0.001) in completely positive children were higher than completely negative children.

The results of the present study showed that girls had a better mean score of temperament than boys. The inhibitory control and perceptual sensitivity in completely positive children were significantly higher than negative children. In addition, a higher mean score of fear and anger was observed in completely negative children.

The results of the present study showed that girls had a better mean score of temperament than boys. The inhibitory control and perceptual sensitivity in completely positive children were significantly higher than negative children. In addition, a higher mean score of fear and anger was observed in completely negative children.The current global spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its associated coronavirus disease (COVID-19), has grasped the attention of entire international community and has caused widespread public health concerns. All the efforts taken globally to curtail the novel COVID-19; the outbreak is still on a rise owing to the community spread pattern of this infection. COVID-19 is a zoonotic infection that, like other coronavirus infections, is believed to have been originated in bats and pangolins, and later transmitted to humans. Once in the human body, this coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is abundantly present in nasopharyngeal and salivary secretions of affected patients and its spread is predominantly thought to be respiratory droplet in nature. Dental professionals may soon encounter patients with suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and will have to act carefully not only to provide care but at the same time prevent spread of infection. Thus, the aim of this article is to provide a brief overview of the epidemiology, symptoms and routes of spread of the novel COVID-19 infection. In addition to this, specific recommendations for dental practice are prescribed for patient screening, infection control strategies, and patient management protocol.The new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes pathological pulmonary symptoms. Most efforts to develop vaccines and drugs against this virus target the spike glycoprotein, particularly its S1 subunit, which is recognised by angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. Here we use the in-house developed tool CaverDock to perform virtual screening against spike glycoprotein using a cryogenic electron microscopy structure (PDB-ID 6VXX) and the representative structures of five most populated clusters from a previously published molecular dynamics simulation. The dataset of ligands was obtained from the ZINC database and consists of drugs approved for clinical use worldwide. Trajectories for the passage of individual drugs through the tunnel of the spike glycoprotein homotrimer, their binding energies within the tunnel, and the duration of their contacts with the trimer’s three subunits were computed for the full dataset. Multivariate statistical methods were then used to establish structure-activity relationships and select top candidate for movement inhibition. This new protocol for the rapid screening of globally approved drugs (4359 ligands) in a multi-state protein structure (6 states) showed high robustness in the rate of finished calculations. The protocol is universal and can be applied to any target protein with an experimental tertiary structure containing protein tunnels or channels. The protocol will be implemented in the next version of CaverWeb (https//loschmidt.chemi.muni.cz/caverweb/) to make it accessible to the wider scientific community.Designing antiviral therapeutics is of great concern per current pandemics caused by novel coronavirus or SARS-CoV-2. The core polymerase enzyme in the viral replication/transcription machinery is generally conserved and serves well for drug target. In this work we briefly review structural biology and computational clues on representative single-subunit viral polymerases that are more or less connected with SARS-CoV-2 RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), in particular, to elucidate how nucleotide substrates and potential drug analogs are selected in the viral genome synthesis. To do that, we first survey two well studied RdRps from Polio virus and hepatitis C virus in regard to structural motifs and key residues that have been identified for the nucleotide selectivity. Then we focus on related structural and biochemical characteristics discovered for the SARS-CoV-2 RdRp. To further compare, we summarize what we have learned computationally from phage T7 RNA polymerase (RNAP) on its stepwise nucleotide selectivity, and extend discussion to a structurally similar human mitochondria RNAP, which deserves special attention as it cannot be adversely affected by antiviral treatments. We also include viral phi29 DNA polymerase for comparison, which has both helicase and proofreading activities on top of nucleotide selectivity for replication fidelity control. The helicase and proofreading functions are achieved by protein components in addition to RdRp in the coronavirus replication-transcription machine, with the proofreading strategy important for the fidelity control in synthesizing a comparatively large viral genome.Background Experiencing a potentially traumatic event can put individuals at risk for both short-term and long-term mental health problems. While many psychological interventions exist for those who have experienced potentially traumatic events, there remains controversy about the best ways to support them. Objective This review explores the effect of brief psychoeducational interventions after potentially traumatic experiences on adult recipients’ mental health, attitudes towards mental health, and trauma-related knowledge, as well as the perceived acceptability of psychoeducation. Methods Four electronic databases were searched for relevant published literature. Results Ten papers were included in the review. There was no evidence that psychoeducation was any more effective in terms of reducing mental health symptoms than other interventions or no intervention at all. There was some evidence that psychoeducation improved attitudes towards and knowledge of mental health immediately post-intervention; one study examined whether these improvements were sustained over the long term and found that they were not. However, psychoeducation was generally highly regarded by participants. Conclusions This review did not find sufficient evidence to support routine use of brief psychoeducation as a stand-alone intervention.Background The process whereby trauma-exposed people benefit from self-management apps to increase health is poorly understood. Objective We investigated whether access to a self-management smartphone app for posttraumatic stress (PTSD Coach) improved momentary self-rated health (SRH) and if use of a self-management app or specific strategies related to SRH. Method Participants were 179 adults in Sweden with trauma exposure in the past 2 years who were enrolled in a randomized trial of PTSD Coach versus waitlist. Ecological momentary assessments (EMA) were collected twice daily during 21 consecutive days from participants in both groups, with questions about momentary SRH as well as self-management app use and use of strategies (social support, distress management, monitoring of discomfort and seeking information) in the preceding 12 hours. Results Overall, neither access to PTSD Coach nor reported use of an app in the preceding hours was related to SRH. Even so, people with access to PTSD Coach reported using more social support over time.